POLYPHASE CIRCUITS

Three Phase Circuits

Advantages of polyphase circuits

Three Phase Connections

Basic configurations for three phase circuits

Source/Load Connections
Delta-Y connections

Power Relationships
Study power delivered by three phase circuits

Power Factor Correction

Improving power factor for three phase circuits
 THREE PHASE CIRCUITS

V an

3 phase
v o lta g e V bn

V cn

0 120 240

Instantaneous Phase Voltages

van (t )  Vm cos( t )(V ) Vm  120 2
vbn (t )  Vm cos( t  120)(V )
vc (t )  Vm cos( t  240)(V )
 a a

V0 W y e C o n n e c te d
_
n S ource
_ _
V  -2 4 0 V  -1 2 0
+ +
b b
c

c
 Delta Source

a a

_ + D e lta
S o urce
Vab = | Vab |  0
+ _
Vbc = Vab  -120
c b b
Vca = Vab  -240
_ +

c
 Wye – Wye System

a A
Z l

ZL

n
N

ZL ZL
b
c B C
Z l

Z l
 Delta – Delta System

a A
Z l

_ +

Z
ZL

L
+ _

b
c _ + B C
Z ZL
l

Z l
 Delta – Wye System

a A
Z l

_ + ZL

+ _
ZL ZL
b
c _ + B C
Z l

Z l
 a a
A
IaA IAB IC
+ A

V0
_
Z Z
n
_ _
V  -2 4 0 V  -1 2 0 IB C
+ +
b b B C
c Z

c
 V cn
- V bn

V ab

o
30

V an

V bn V ab = V an - V bn

V ab = 3 V an 30o
 Vab  Van  Vbn
| V p | 0 | V p |   120
| V p | 1  (cos120  j sin 120) 
1 3
| V | p  | V p |   j 
2 2 
 3 | V p | 30

Vbc  3 | V p |   90
Vca  3 | V p |   210

VL  3 | V p |  Line Voltage
IC A IaA =  3 I A B  -3 0 o

IAB

IaA

IB C - IC A
 INSTANTANEOUS POWER

Instantaneous Phase Voltages Balanced Phase Currents

van (t )  Vm cos( t )(V ) ia (t )  I m cos( t   )
vbn (t )  Vm cos( t  120)(V ) ib ( t )  I m cos( t    120)
vc (t )  Vm cos( t  240)(V ) ic (t )  I m cos( t    240)

Instantane ous power

p(t )  van (t )ia (t )  vbn ( t ) ib ( t )  vcn ( t )ic (t )

Theorem
For a balanced three phase circuit the instantaneous power is constant

Vm I m
p( t )  3 cos (W )
2
REVIEW OF
Y
Transformations

R1R2
Ra 
R1  R2  R3
R2 R3
Rb 
R1  R2  R3 Ra Rb  Rb Rc  Rc Ra
R1 
R3 R1 Rb
Rc 
R1  R2  R3 Ra Rb  Rb Rc  Rc Ra
R2 
 Y Rc
Ra Rb  Rb Rc  Rc Ra
R3 
Ra
Y 
REVIEW OF Rab  R2 || ( R1  R3 )  Y
Y
Rab  Ra  Rb
Transformations Y 

R1R2 Ra R1 Rb R1 Rb R2 Rb R1
  R    R 
R2 ( R1  R3 ) Ra  R1  R2  R3 Rb R3
3 2
Ra Rc R1 Rc
Ra  Rb 
R1  R2  R3 R2 R3 REPLACE IN THE THIRD AND SOLVE FOR R1
Rb 
R3 ( R1  R2 ) R1  R2  R3 Ra Rb  Rb Rc  Rc Ra
Rb  Rc  R1 
R R Rb
R1  R2  R3 Rc  3 1
R1  R2  R3 R R  Rb Rc  Rc Ra
R2  a b
R (R  R )  Y Rc
Rc  Ra  1 2 3
Ra Rb  Rb Rc  Rc Ra
R1  R2  R3 R3 
Ra
SUBTRACT THE FIRST TWO THEN ADD Y 
TO THE THIRD TO GET Ra
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
Similar to single phase case.
Use capacitors to increase the
power factor

Balanced Keep clear about total/phase

load power, line/phase voltages
Low pf
lagging

Q  Qnew  Qold
Reactive Power to be added
To use capacitors this value
should be negative

pf  cos f  sin  f  1  pf 2 tan   pf

f
Q  P tan  f 1  pf 2

lagging  Q  0
 f  60 Hz , | Vline | 34.5kV rms. Required : pf  0.94 leading
LEARNING EXAMPLE

Pold  18.72 MW 
  Qnew  6.8 MVA
S  P  jQ pf new  0.94 leading 
P | S | cos f Q  6.8  15.02  21.82 MVA
Q  P tan  f Qper capacitor  7.273MVA
Q | S | sin  f
pf 34.5
pf  cos f tan  f  Y  connection  Vcapacitor  kV rms
1  pf 2 3
lagging  Qold  0  34.5  103 
2

 7.273  10  2  60  C  
6

pf  cos f  sin  f  1  pf 2  0.626  3 
| Qold | 15.02 MVA C  48.6  F
Pold  18.72 MW
 #4ACSR wire rated at 170 A rms Proposed new store

S1  70036.9 S2  100060kVA S3  80025.8kVA

 560  j 420 kVA  500  j866 kVA  720  j 349 kVA
Stotal  1780  j1635 kVA  241742.57 kVA
| S total | 2.417  106
| I line |   101.1A rms Wire is OK
3  Vline 3  13.8  103

Pold 
  Qnew  P tan  f ( new )  758.28kVA
pf new 
Q  Qnew  Qold  876.72kVA
|Q per capacitor
|  CV 2

C
876.72 10 / 3
3
 12.2  F
2  60  13.8  10 
3 2
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