COLLOCATIONS

What´s a COLLOCATION?
• Collocations refers to a group of two or more words that usually go together that
correspond to some conventional way of saying things.
• English has a number of common collocations. Some of them depend on the
context
of the sentence.
• We will see 6 types of collocation -
.
 1. Adjective +
Noun
• He has been a heavy smoker and drinker all his adult life.
• She speaks English quite well but with strong French
accent.
• They have a hard life and worked through a hard time
2. Noun + noun (such as collective
noun)
• Would you like to have a cup of coffee?
• He will give a bar of chocolate to his girlfriend on Valentine
’s Day.
• Her bouquet of flower is the best of all.
 3. Verb +
Noun
• I always try to do my homework in the morning after
making my bed
• Do you think the bank would forgive a debt?
• We are going to have lunch together, would you like to join??
 4. Adverb +
Adjective
• This test is ridiculously easy! I didn’t even study, but I will get
high score.
• Janet is a highly successful businesswoman. She owns several
restaurants and hotels around the country.
• That is utterly ridiculous. She didn’t steal your favorite book.
She wasn’t even in the office yesterday.
 5.Verb +Adverb
• The accident happened because he was driving dangerously.
• After 2 years in London, he speaks English fluently.
• I waited patiently, but she never came.
 Practice
time!
• I met my ex-husband in 1995; we in love at first sight. We a
fantastic relationship for three happy years. Then, on our third anniversary,
he proposed and we married six months later. At first, everything was
perfect; we both the housework together; I the washing-up and
the beds and he the cooking and the . He always a
mess when he the cooking, but I didn’t mind because the dinners were
always delicious.
Elements of
Folktales
 What is a
Folktales
Folktale?
were passed down from
generation to generation by word of
mouth, which is called oral tradition.

Folktales
were made up to explain the
wonders of the world or to teach
morals and lessons.
 Different Types of
Folktales
Trickster Tales
Fables

Pourqoui stories
Fairytales
 Trickster
Tales
One character, usually the protagonist,
is a clever trickster that causes
problems for the other characters
They usually goes unpunished

Example “Trickster” Characters:

Anansi the Spider (Africa), Hare (North
America), Wolf( Europe)
 Fabl
es
 These are stories that teach a lesson or havea moral
 The main characters of Fables are usually animals with
human characteristics
 The moral is never stated, but needs to be inferred by the
reader

 Examples of Fables: Tortoise and the Hare, The Ant and the
Grasshopper
 Pourquoi
Stories
Explain WHY something is as it is
Explains HOW something came to be
and it usually explains something in
Nature
Examples of Pourquoi stories:
Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People’s Ears
How the Elephant Got Its Trunk or How
the Tiger Got Its Stripes
*** Most myths and tall tales are
considered Pourquois
 Fairytal
es evil characters
Include good and

Usually has a hero or heroine

Has Magic
Often begins with “Once upon a time”
Conflicts
are resolved through kindness,
courage or intelligence

Examples: Cinderella, Sleeping

 Common Elements of
Folktales:
Rule of Three: Items happen in sets of 3 or 7s
(things happen in 3s, lots of repetition or
repeated phrases)
- 3 characters
- 3 events
- 3 tests the character must overcome
Ex: “Jack and the Beanstalk” showed Jack climbing the beanstalk
three times. The wicked stepmother visited Snow White in the forest
three times before she finally got her to eat the apple.
Magic is commonly used, to explain the
unexplainable.
You will see similar characteristics from stories
across the world
 Common
Elements of
• Characters go through
a Folktale:
tests to prove something (the

•
Themes
good character must solve a problem)
Good v. Evil (has characters that good, others are bad
• Good is rewarded and evil is punished in the end (tale
have a happy ending)
Characters Common
change only after they have
Elements
gone though the lesson of the
learned during
course of the story
a Folktale:
The hero is usually young and fair, kind,
Characteriz
brave, unselfish, and may possess some
sort of special power. ation
Magic helpers, such as the Fairy
Godmother in Cinderella, allow for things
to occur within a story that would otherwise
be impossible
 Common
Elements of
a Folktale:
Place is usually described easily and
Setting
briefly, leaving the imagination to fill in the
gaps. For example, folktales take place
in a cottage in the woods or in a magical
kingdom

Time is fantasy time, such as Once upon

a time, or A long time ago
ORGANIZING NOTES FOR
WRITING