ALGEBRA

MATHEMATICS
PDF 1513
BY : MDM NAJIHAH A.MANAF
OBJECTIVE
 At the end of the lesson, students will able to :
 Add like terms.
 Subtract like terms.
 Multiply algebra expression.
 Divide algebra expression.
TERM
 A term is a number, variable or the product of a
number and variable (s).
 Examples :
x
 3x
 2xy
 5y3
ALGEBRA
 An expression containing one or more terms
is called algebra or polynomial.
 Polynomials of either one, two or three
terms have special names.
POLYNOMIAL NAME EXAMPLE
1 term Monomial 5x3
2 terms Binomial 4x2 + 3xy
3 terms Trinomial 6x5 + 2xy3 + 4y7
VARIABLE
 Variable is a symbol that represents a number.
 Usually we use letters such as a, b, c, x, y or z
for variable.
EQUATIONS
 An equation is a statement that two numbers
or expressions are equal. Equations are useful
for relating variables and numbers. Many
word problems can easily be written down as
equations with a little practice. Many simple
rules exist for simplifying equations.
 Example :
 17 = 2 + 15
t + 3 = 8
 2xy + 2y – xy = xy + 2y
ADDITION ALGEBRA
 Add Like Terms
 When add like terms, add the numbers and
keep the variable unchanged.

 Example 1 :
Addition : 25y + 5y
25y + 5y = (25 + 5)y
= 30y
 Example 2 :
25m + 5mn + mn
= 25m + (5 + 1)mn
= 25m + 6mn

 Example 3 :
5x3 + 5x3 + x2
= (5 + 5)x3 + x2
= 10x3 + x2
SUBTRACTION ALGEBRA
SUBTRACTION ALGEBRA
 Subtract Like Terms
 When subtract like terms, subtract the
numbers and keep the variables
unchanged.

 Example 4 :
Subtract : 5m – 4m
5m – 4m = (5 – 4)m
=m
 Example 5 :
6p3 – 4p2 – p3
= (6 – 1)p3 – 4p2
= 5p3 – 4p2

 Example 6 :
3mn – 2m – 2n
= 3mn – 2m – 2n
 Exercises 1 :
 Solve the following :
A. 4m2n – 10mn + 10m2n
B. 3u3 + 5x – 4x – 3u3
C. 4ab-3c4 + 6ab-3c4
D. 2b - ab + 5ab – 2a
E. 3y – 2y – 5x – 5x
 Solution :
A. 4m2n – 10mn + 10m2n
= 4m2n + 10m2n – 10mn
= 14m2n – 10mn

B. 3u3 + 5x – 4x – 3u3
= 3u3 – 3u3 + 5x – 4x
=x
 Solution :
C. 4ab-3c4 + 6ab-3c4
= 10ab-3c4

D. 2b - ab + 5ab – 2a
= 2b + 4ab – 2a

E. 3y – 2y – 5x – 5x
= y – 10x
 Exercises 2 :
 Solve the following :
A. 4mn – 10mn – 10m2n
B. 3ab3 + 5b – 4a – 3a3b + 3ab3
C. b - ab + 5ab – 2b + ab
D. y – 2y + 5x – 5x
MULTIPLYING ALGEBRA
 Multiplying Monomials :
 To multiply two monomials, multiply the
coefficients and then multiply the variable.
 When multiplying two variables, we keep
the variables and add the exponents.
 Example 7 :
(5m)(6m2)
= (5 × 6)(m1 + 2)
= 30m3
 Multiplying Monomials and a Polynomial:
 Multiply the first term of the binomial by
the monomial.
 Multiply the second term of the binomial
by the monomial again.
 Example 8 :
4y(5y – 8)
= 4y(5y) – 4y(8)
= 20y2 – 32y
 Multiplying Two Polynomial:
 Multiply each term in the first polynomials
by all the terms in the second polynomials.
 Example 9 :
6y3 (8y6 + 5y4 – 3y3)
= 6y3(8y6) + 6y3(5y4) + 6y3(-3y3)
= 48y9 + 30y7 – 18y6
 Multiplying Two Binomials using FOIL :
 To multiply two polynomials (a + b)(c + d)
 Multiply the First terms (a)(c), the
Outside terms (a)(d), the Inside (b)(c)
and then the Last terms (b)(d).
 Collect like terms ;
(a + b)(c + d)
= (a.c) + (a.d) + (b.c) + (b.d)
= First + Outside + Inside + Last
= FOIL
 Example 10 :
(n + 7)(n2 – 4)
= (n)(n2) – (n)(4) + (7)(n2) – (7)(4)
= n3 – 4n + 7n2 – 28
= n3 + 7n2 – 4n – 28
 Exercises 1 :
 Solve the following :
A. 3a(4 – b) + 4b(5 + a)
B. 15p2 – 2(q2 + 10p2) – q2
C. 10c-2 – 5c2 + c(c2 – 4c)
D. 9mn + 3(mn + n2) – 3n2 – m2
E. 2x – 4y(3 – x) + x – 1
 Solution :
A. 3a(4 – b) + 4b(5 + a)
= 12a – 3ab + 20b + 4ab
= 12a – 3ab + 4ab + 20b
= 12a + ab + 20b

B. 15p2 – 2(q2 + 10p2) – q2

= 15p2 – 2q2 – 20p2 – q2
= 15p2 – 20p2 – 2q2 – q2
= – 5p2 – 3q2
 Solution :
C. 10c-2 – 5c2 + c(c2 – 4c)
= 10c-2 – 5c2 + c3 – 4c2
= 10c-2 – 5c2 – 4c2 + c3
= 10c-2 – 9c2 + c3

D. 9mn + 3(mn + n2) – 3n2 – m2

= 9mn + 3mn + 3n2 – 3n2 – m2
= 12mn – m2
 Solution :
E. 2x – 4y(3 – x) + x – 1
= 2x – 12y + 4xy + x – 1
= 2x + x – 12y + 4xy – 1
= 3x – 12y + 4xy – 1
 Exercises 2 :
 Solve the following :
A. 3a(4 – b) – 4b(5 + a)
B. 15p3 – 2p(q2 + 10p2) – q2
C. 9m5 + 3m2(m3 + n2) – 3n2 – 3m2n2
D. 2x + 4y(3 – x) + 5x – 4yx
E. ab(4a – b + 5) – 9a(b + a) + 2b2a
DIVIDING ALGEBRA
 Dividing a polynomial by a monomial :
 To divide a polynomial by a monomial
 Divide each term in the polynomial by
the monomial.
 To divide monomials
 Divide the coefficients and then subtract
the exponents.
 Example 11 :
16m5 = 16 (m5 – 3) = 8m2
2m3 2

 Example 12 :
8m4 – 3m3 = 8m4 – 3m3
m2 m2 m2
= (8)(m4-2) – (3)(m3-2)
= 8m2 – 3m
 Example 13 :
16bc5 = 16 (a– 1)(b1 – 3)(c5)
64ab3 64
= 1 (a–1)(b–2)(c5)
4
= c5
4ab2
 Exercises 1 :
 Solve the following :
A. 4m2nu6
16m3nu4
B. 36a8b-2c-3
6a4bc5
C. 5p0qr-4
5p2q3r-1
 Solution :
A. 4m2nu6 = 4 m2-3n1-1u6-4
16m3nu4 16
= 1 m-1n0u2
4
= u2
4m
 Solution :
B. 36a8b-2c-3 = 36a8-4b-2-1c-3-5
6a4bc5 6
= 6 a4b-3c-8
= 6a4
b3c8
 Solution :
C. 5p0qr-4 = p0-2q1-3r-4-(-1)
5p2q3r-1
= p-2q-2r-3
= 1
p2q2r3
 Exercises 2 :
 Solve the following :
A. 24r2s-3t6
16s3t4
B. 6a3b-2c-5
36a4b2c5
C. 15pr-2
25pq3r-1
D. 30a3b-2c-5
5a-4b2c-5
 Tutorial 2 :
Solve the following :
A. 2p – qp – 2p + 5pq
B. 3x – y(2 – x) + xy + 2y
C. 9ab – 10ba – 4(a + b)
D. u(uv – 3v) + 4v(vu – 5u)
E. 93uv2w-1
36w2u3v-1
F. 5pq3r4
15p2q3r-1
Solution :
A. 2p – qp – 2p + 5pq
= 2p – 2p – pq + 5pq
= 4pq

B. 3x – y(2 – x) + xy + 2y
= 3x – 2y + xy + xy + 2y
= 3x – 2y + 2y + xy + xy
= 3x + 2xy

C. 9ab – 10ba – 4(a + b)

= 9ab – 10ab – 4a – 4b
= – ab – 4a – 4b
Solution :
D. u(uv – 3v) + 4v(vu – 5u)
= u2v – 3uv + 4uv2 – 20uv
= u2v + 4uv2 – 3uv– 20uv
= u2v + 4uv2 – 23uv

E. 93uv2w-1 = 31 u1-3v2-(-1)w-1-2
36w2u3v-1 12
= 31 u-2v3w-3
12
= 31v3
12u2w3
Solution :
F. 5pq3r4 = 1 p1-2q3-3r4-(-1)
15p2q3r-1 3
= 1 p-1q0r5
3
= r5
3p
THANK YOU