NOISE AND NOISE UNITS

Prepared by:
IRINEO P. QUINTO
NOISE

• mixture of undesirable frequencies and amplitudes that

interferes with the signals intended to be received
TYPES OF NOISE THAT MAY AFFECT
TELEPHONE NETWORK
THERMAL NOISE INTERMODULATION NOISE
• noise due to the random • the result of the presence
motion of electrical of intermodulation products.
particles and is It is caused by a device
characterized by uniform that operates in its non-
distribution of energy linear region or a
malfunction that caused the
over the frequency
device to operate as such.
spectrum
NOISE.... continued
CROSSTALK TYPES OF CROSSTALK

• INTELLIGIBLE
• refers to the unwanted – where at least four words are
intelligible to the listener from
electrical coupling extraneous conversations in
between signal paths a 7-second period
• UNINTELLIGIBLE
– noise resulting from any
other form of disturbing effect
NOISE.... continued

IMPULSE NOISE THERMAL NOISE POWER

• non-continuous,
consisting of irregular
spikes or pulses of short Pn = kTB
duration with a relatively
high amplitude
RELATIVE LEVEL

• the difference between the power of a signal at one point

and its power at a reference point.
TEST TONE

• a pure signal at a signal frequency and power level.

• The ITU reference or standard test tone is 1000 Hz,

1 mW power applied at a point of zero relative level.

• It was found out that 1 kHz produce more interference

than any of the other frequencies in a voice channel.
REFERENCE NOISE

• tests were made to develop a unit to measure noise

interference.
• These tests took into consideration the hearing ability of
the human ear and the efficiency of the telephone
equipment being used.
WEIGHTING CURVE
dBrn (dB ABOVE REFERENCE NOISE)

• Using the old 144 handset, the first weighting curve was
144 weighting curve.

• It was found that 1 kHz at -90 dBm produced zero or

negligible inetrference

• The noise unit used here was dBrn

dBa ( dB ABOVE AN ADJUSTED NOISE)

• The next telephone unit was F1A handset was used.

• New response test were used and called the F1A weighting
curve

• The interference was 5 dB higher than 144 handset.

• The new reference was -85 dBm and hence the new unit is
called dBa.
USING F1A HANDSET

3100 Hz BAND 82 dBa

F1A
FILTER

300 - 3400 Hz f

1000 Hz TONE 85 dBa

F1A
FILTER

1000 Hz
f
dBa0 (dB adjusted at 0 dBm level point)

• the measurement of noise referred to a test point of 0

dBm.

• It is the reading if the test tone level was 0 dBm at the

point where the reading is being made.

• It is the reading in dBa minus the test point level

dBrnC ( dB above reference noise, C-wieghted)

• a weighting curve based on type 500 handset

• to convert into dBrnC, add 6 dB to the dBa value.

dBrnC0

• similar to the definition of dBa0 except that the handset is

changed.
pWp ( picowatt, psophometrically wieghted)

• Psophometric means noise measurement and refers to

the weighting used to measure noise interference in
psophometric picowatts.

• A psophometric picowatt is a definite amount of noise

power as measured with a psophometric weighting
network.
NOISE CONVERSION FORMULA

dBa = dBm (pure test tone) + 85

dBa = dBm (F1A wieghted noise) + 82

dBa0 = dBa - TPL

dBrnC = dBa + 6

dBrnC0 = dBrnC - TPL

dBrnC = 10 log pWp

CROSSTALK COUPLING

SIGNAL TEST P1 (dBm)

DISTURBING PAIR Power
TONE Meter
GENERATOR

IDLE Power P2 (dBm)

DISTURBED PAIR
LINE Meter

X = P1 - P2 (dB)