Unit 2; Individual Learning

•DEFINITION OF LEARNING,
THEORETICAL PROCESS OF
LEARNING,
•APPLICATION OF THE LEARNING
THEORIES FOR BEHAVIOR
MODIFICATION.

Prof.Lata Singh 4/28/20

 Way to Move ahead
2
Why this topic
Individual Learning
Activity based on
learning
Learning theories
Learning Principles
Process of learning
Learning for behavior
modification
Case study

Prof.Lata Singh 4/28/20

 Why this topic?
3
People join organization
with different set of skills
(intelligence + ability +
biographical
characteristics)
Outcome = Performance
+ satisfaction
???
Potential ??????????????
 make your people learn
as per the requirement.

Prof.Lata Singh 4/28/20

 Learning
4
 “The process of acquiring,
assimilating and
internalizing cognitive,
motor or behavioral inputs
for their effective and
varied use when required,
leading to an enhanced
capability for further self
motivated learning”

“any relative permanent

change in behavior that
occurs as a result of
Prof.Lata Singh
experience”
4/28/20
 In class activity
5

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 Learning Theories
6

Classical Conditioning
Operant conditioning
Cognitive learning
Social learning

Prof.Lata Singh 4/28/20

 Classical Conditioning- Ivan Pavlov (Nobel Prize
winner Psychologist from Russia)
7
in early 20 th century

. Bell Unconditioned response

Food (US) Salivation (UR)

During
conditioning

Conditioned stimulus Food (US)

Bell

Salivation (UR)

Conditioned stimulus Conditioned

Bell responseSalivation

Prof.Lata Singh 4/28/20

 .
8

Learning from Classical Operant

Conditioning conditioning
It states an event Can be called as
repeated several times instrumental conditioning
evokes desired
It refers to the process
behavior. that our behavior
produces certain
consequences and how we
behave in the future will
depend on what these
consequences are.

Prof.Lata Singh 4/28/20

 Operant conditioning
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B.F. Skinner
Experimented on a
mouse
It emphasizes voluntary
behavior

Prof.Lata Singh 4/28/20

 Cognitive learning
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Cognitive process assumes that people are

conscious, active participants in how they learn.

Feedback

Behavioral Perceived
Prior Learning
Choices consequences

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 Social Learning theory
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It emphasizes
Attention
the ability of an
individual to
Retention
learn by
observing others
Practice

Motivation

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 Principles of Learning
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Motivation

Reinforcement,
Punishment and
extinction

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 Types of reinforcement
13

Positive reinforcement
 Providing a reward for a desired behavior.
Negative reinforcement
 Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired
behavior occurs.
Punishment
 Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate an undesirable
behavior.
Extinction
 Withholding reinforcement of a behavior to cause its cessation.

Prof.Lata Singh 4/28/20

 Principles of Reinforcement
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Principle of Contingent reinforcement

Immediate reinforcement
Reinforcement size
Reinforcement deprivation

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 Schedules of reinforcement
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Continuous Reinforcement - A desired behavior is

reinforced each time it is demonstrated.
Intermittent Reinforcement- A desired behavior is
reinforced often enough to make the behavior worth
repeating but not every time it is demonstrated.
Fixed-Interval Schedule- Rewards are spaced at
uniform time intervals.
Variable-Interval Schedule- Rewards are initiated
after a fixed or constant number of responses.

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Schedules of reinforcement contd…..

16

 Fixed-ratio

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Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement

17

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Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement contd…

18

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 Behavior Modification
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OB Mod -The application of reinforcement

concepts to individuals in the work setting.

Five
FiveStep
StepProblem-Solving
Problem-SolvingModel
Model
1.1. Identify
Identifycritical
criticalbehaviors
behaviors
2.2. Develop
Developbaseline
baselinedata
data
3.3. Identify
Identifybehavioral
behavioralconsequences
consequences
4.
4. Develop
Developand
andapply
applyintervention
intervention
5.5. Evaluate
Evaluateperformance
performanceimprovement
improvement

Prof.Lata Singh 4/28/20