TECHNOLOGICAL

ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA
Innovation
INTRODUCTION
 Innovation may take any of the following
forms: the introduction of any new product,
the use of a new product, the opening of the
new market, the reorientation of the new
industries.
 In business context , innovation may be
defined as “the technical, industrial and
commercial steps which lead to the
marketing of new products and to
commercial use of new technical process and
equipment.”
TYPES OF INNOVATION

Innovation

Next-
Radical Incremental generation
innovation innovation technological
innovation
SOURCES OF TECHNOLOGICAL
DYNAMICS
 Expectations
 Innovative drive of the company

 Demand conditions

 Suppliers’ offerings

 Competitive dynamics

 Substitutes

 Social forces

 Research organization
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL
ENVIRONMENT
• Difficulty in • Increasin
motivation g need
for
vity capital
Higher competiti
productiv Global
ity

profile Need for

g job multiskill
Changin ing
• Social • Organiza
implication tional
restructu
ring
INDICATORS OF TECHNOLOGICAL
PROGRESS
Expenditure of technological
progress

Exp. On R & D

Investment in infrastructure for

research & technological
development
Total no. of technological foreign
collaborations

Total payments made for

import of foreign technology
TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY
 Process by which commercial technology is
disseminated.
LEVELS OF TT

operat
ional

Duplic Level Adapti

ative s of ve
TT

Innov
ative
METHODS OF TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER
Employ
ment of
technic
al
expert

Contracts
for supply
of
machinar Method Licensi
ng
s of TT
y and agreem
equipmen
t
ents
TECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT FIELDS
 Nanotechnology
 Biotechnology

 Data mining

 Network security
TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA
 Low level of government spending on the
development of science and technology.
 Inadequate infrastructural facilities for
research.
 Inadequate monetary and fiscal incentives
for research and dev.
 Inadequate funds for research.

 High competition with MNC and other foreign

agencies.
TIME LAGS IN TECHNOLOGY
 Refers to the late implementation of
technology in the country.
 Generally it is related with the idea of
developed & developing countries.
 There is often a time lag between countries
in the adoption and diffusion of technologies.