TOPIC

PAK US RELATIONS
Muhammad Akil

Masood Qamar

Muhammad Bilal

Noman Saleem

BBA 5C
 INTRODUCTION
• After the second world war two super powers aroused in
the world one was U.S.A. (United States Of America) and
the other was U.S.S.R. (United Soviet Socialist Republic)

• Both powers tried their best to make an alliance with

India after the partition of sub-continent in 1947,but
when India decided to live neutral both powers rushed
towards Pakistan.

• Pakistan decided to become an Alliance with America

and Western countries.
GEOPOLITICAL IMPORTANCE
• The location of South Asia is important to west. It is
located between the oil lane of Iran, Indian Ocean known
as Indian pacific due to its importance and the borders to
Russia and China.

• The air or sea routes that connect the Europe and Middle
East with the Far East and Australia pass through or near
the South Asia region.

• It also serves as a bridge between East Asia and West

Asia and also between Central Asia and East Asia.
GEOPOLITICAL IMPORTANCE
• Arabian Sea in the West really increases its importance.

• The renowned naval strategist Alfred Mahan describes

importance in the following words, "Whoever controls the
Indian Ocean dominates the Asia, It is a key to seven seas. In
the 21st century the destiny of world would be decided on its
waters”.

• South Asia is a major supplier of export items to the Indian

Ocean and it is a junction between the Western and Eastern
halves of the ocean.
USA INVOLVEMENT AND INTEREST
IN SOUTH ASIA SINCE 1945
• Despite the inherent geopolitical importance of South
Asia , the United States involvement in the region has
fluctuated, depending upon its intensity and style of
competition with other great power at global level.

• American strategic Interests and perspective regarding

South Asia from the very beginning were strongly
influenced by British, who sought to guide the United
States of America to lead the world and control the
strategic zones previously dominated by British.
 USA INVOLVEMENT AND INTEREST
IN SOUTH ASIA SINCE 1945
• The one of the major American interest was to prevent the
absorption of area into the communist orbit.
• The political Involvement of United States of America in South
Asia is relatively recent phenomenon. It started only after
2nd world war, form which United States of America emerged
as a leading world power.
• United States of America's policy towards South Asia, however
has been basically confused, inconsistent and reactive rather
than calculated and long term. The dimension of super power
interests in South Asia can be defined in various categories such
as political, economic and strategic to achieve specific goals.
 USA POLITICAL INTEREST IN
SOUTH ASIA
• The United States of America entered in the
subcontinent principally by way of Middle East and
South East Asia to protect the interest of industrialized
nations.
• India's image in the eyes of United States of America's
future planners was that it was not capable of providing
leadership to South East Asia in struggle against
communism.
• Pakistan, in their perceptions, appeared better place to
deal with this problem. Pakistan's assets, such as its
religious identity with the Muslim countries of the
Middle East and above all its potential and willingness to
act as a regional balancer to India were indeed tempting.
 USA POLITICAL INTEREST IN
SOUTH ASIA
• There was also a general feeling by the American policy
makers that by extending military assistance Pakistan's
friendship could be won. The United States also realized
that with Pakistan the Middle East could be defended
and without Pakistan it would be difficult to do so.
 US PAKISTAN RELATIONSHIP
THROUGH TIME TO TIME
• From 1947 to1979
• From 1979 to 1989
• From 1989 to 1999
•August 1990: Pressler Amendment Sanctions

•May 1998: Pakistani Nuclear Test Sanctions

•October 1999: Democracy Sanctions

•Sep./Oct. 2001: Sanctions lifted after 9/11

•December 2004: Ackerman Amendment

 WAR AGAINST TERRORISM

• Pakistan and U.S officials raid

• Pakistan corporations with U.S

 WAR AGAINST TERRORISM

• Waziristan War
• Tribesmen declare war against the
Taliban
• Intensified US Strikes
 COSTS
• US has no permanent friends and allies, once the
purpose is served they drop friend like a rock.

• US used PAKISTAN as a frontline state during cold war

with RUSSIA but as soon as RUSSIA withdrew from
AFGHANISTAN, US left PAKISTAN on its own to deal
with AFGHANISTAN problem.

• US also stopped delivery of F-16 fighter jets.

 COSTS
• PAKISTAN accepted membership of SEATO and
CENTO to provide counter against growing communist.

• PAKISTAN allowed US for using its airspace to fly U-2

spy planes over RUSSIA territory.

• The highest price of PAKISTAN paid for US friendship

was when to become a frontline state to support
AFGHAN Mujahedeen against RUSSIA.
 BENEFITS
• Military aids and military pacts had strengthen
defense of PAKISTAN

• In June 2003 the US announced 3 billion

assistance package for PAKISTAN to start in
October 2004 and to be distributed over 5 years
which helped in economic ads and security
assistance.
 BENEFITS
• (TIFA) a framework agreement on trade and
investment was signed for negotiating a bilateral
investment treaty .

• President Bush authorized the sale of a jet to be

specified number of F-16 fighter jets to
PAKISTAN
 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR USA
• US image has suffered in the Muslim world by
adopting dual policy. Democracy and autocratic
rulers.

• US should understand the social reforms cannot be

achieved through weapons, but it requires patience,
negotiations and understanding.

• As a powerful nation of the world US is implementing

its policies in other states for its personal interests
 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR USA
• After 9/11 the war o terrorism has sharpen the
tension between ISLAM and the West.

• To meet challenges beyond the war of terrorism

the US Pakistan relationship must be broadened
to include a strong economic partnership,
educational and cultural linkages, only then the
relationship enjoy strong domestic support in both
countries.
 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR USA
• India and Pakistan

• Institution Building and Democracy

• Educational Reforms

• Economic and Security Assistance and Sanctions

Policy
• POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PAKISTAN

• CONCLUSION

• SUMMARY