SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Arzun Ghimire
Arzun ghimire, cct
CCT, Dharan 1
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Soybean

Arzun ghimire, cct 2

 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Soybean
 Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely
grown for its edible bean which has several uses.

Arzun ghimire, cct 3

 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Soybean
 Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely
grown for its edible bean which has several uses.
Table 02: Vernacular name
Table 01: Scientific classification Soybean
Kingdom Plantae Soy
Phylum Magnoliophyta Soya
Class Magnoliopsida Soja
Order Roseacae Bhat
Family Leguminosae or Fabaceae Bhatwar
Subfamily Papilionoidae Bhatmas
Genus Glycine Garjkalai
Species Glycine Max (L) Merr Patnijokra
Rymbi-kutang
Arzun ghimire, cct Ramkurthi 4
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

 Soy foods have become more familiar to consume worldwide and have become a popular
choice of many health conscious valued for their versatility, taste, nutritional content,
environmental advantages and health benefits.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

 Soy foods have become more familiar to consume worldwide and have become a popular
choice of many health conscious valued for their versatility, taste, nutritional content,
environmental advantages and health benefits.

 Soy available in boiled soybeans, soy flour, soy oil, soy sauce, soy milk, soy tofu, soy
curd, fried soy curd, fortified soy products for infants & women, fermented soybeans and
other.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

 Soy foods have become more familiar to consume worldwide and have become a popular
choice of many health conscious valued for their versatility, taste, nutritional content,
environmental advantages and health benefits.

 Soy available in boiled soybeans, soy flour, soy oil, soy sauce, soy milk, soy tofu, soy
curd, fried soy curd, fortified soy products for infants & women, fermented soybeans and
other.

 The soybean itself is a nutrient powerhouse.

 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

 Soy foods have become more familiar to consume worldwide and have become a popular
choice of many health conscious valued for their versatility, taste, nutritional content,
environmental advantages and health benefits.

 Soy available in boiled soybeans, soy flour, soy oil, soy sauce, soy milk, soy tofu, soy
curd, fried soy curd, fortified soy products for infants & women, fermented soybeans and
other.

 The soybean itself is a nutrient powerhouse.

 Soy is rich in high quality protein and a good source of minerals, B vitamins and fiber.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

 Soy foods have become more familiar to consume worldwide and have become a popular
choice of many health conscious valued for their versatility, taste, nutritional content,
environmental advantages and health benefits.

 Soy available in boiled soybeans, soy flour, soy oil, soy sauce, soy milk, soy tofu, soy
curd, fried soy curd, fortified soy products for infants & women, fermented soybeans and
other.

 The soybean itself is a nutrient powerhouse.

 Soy is rich in high quality protein and a good source of minerals, B vitamins and fiber.

 Soybeans are higher in protein than other beans, and the protein quality of most soy
foods is equivalent to animal protein sources.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Table 1: Physiologically functional substances in soybeans.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Table 1: Physiologically functional substances in soybeans.
Components in soybeans Physiological functions
Soybean proteins Reduction of serum cholesterol, prevention of cardiovascular diseases,
reduction of body fat and promotion of serum insulin
Peptide from proteins Antioxidant activities, inhibition of angiotensin converting enzymes and
promoting action of phagosytosis
Isoflavones Anticarcinogenetic activities, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, prevention
of osteoporosis, antioxidant activities and alleviation of menopausal symptoms

Saponins Anticarcinogenic activities, hypocholesterolemic effects, inhibition of platelet

aggregation, HIV preventing effects and antioxidant activities
Phytosterol Anticarcinogenic activities
Phytic acid Anticarcinogenic activities
Lectin (Hemagglutinin) Activation of lymphocytes (T cell) and aggregating action of tumor cells
Nicotianamine Inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme
Protease inhibitors Anti-carcinogenic activities
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Isoflavones
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Isoflavones
 Isoflavones have a phenyl ring structure with a series of attached hydroxyl group that
give them their unique biological activities.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Isoflavones
 Isoflavones have a phenyl ring structure with a series of attached hydroxyl group that
give them their unique biological activities.

 Soy isoflavones have chemical structure that is similar to the hormone estrogen, hence
they are commonly called phytoestrogen.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Isoflavones
 Isoflavones have a phenyl ring structure with a series of attached hydroxyl group that
give them their unique biological activities.

 Soy isoflavones have chemical structure that is similar to the hormone estrogen, hence
they are commonly called phytoestrogen.

 Phytoestrogen can bind to estrogen receptors in the body, although with low affinity &
have biological activities in the body that often times mimic that of estrogen.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Isoflavones
 Isoflavones have a phenyl ring structure with a series of attached hydroxyl group that
give them their unique biological activities.

 Soy isoflavones have chemical structure that is similar to the hormone estrogen, hence
they are commonly called phytoestrogen.

 Phytoestrogen can bind to estrogen receptors in the body, although with low affinity &
have biological activities in the body that often times mimic that of estrogen.
 The three most common phytoestrogens in soy products are daidzein, genistein and
glycitein.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Isoflavones
 Isoflavones have a phenyl ring structure with a series of attached hydroxyl group that
give them their unique biological activities.

 Soy isoflavones have chemical structure that is similar to the hormone estrogen, hence
they are commonly called phytoestrogen.

 Phytoestrogen can bind to estrogen receptors in the body, although with low affinity &
have biological activities in the body that often times mimic that of estrogen.
 The three most common phytoestrogens in soy products are daidzein, genistein and
glycitein.

 All three soy isoflavones are glucoronidated in the intestinal cells prior to entering
the bloodstream.
SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Determination of Soy Isoflavones

 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES

Determination of Soy Isoflavones

Sample

Sample pretreatment( Homogenization, grinding, drying, freeze drying,

hydrolysis)

Extraction (Soxhlet, Stirring/agitation/shaking, MAE, SFE,PLE, other)

Post extraction steps (centrifugation, filtration, liquid-liquid, evaporation,

hydrolysis, SPE)

Analysis(GC/GC-MS, HPLC/HPLC-MS, other)

 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
a. Heart health
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
a. Heart health

 The protective effect of soy foods is most apparent when soy is eaten in early life.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
a. Heart health

 The protective effect of soy foods is most apparent when soy is eaten in early life.

 Soy isoflavones appears to lower serum cholesterols level, increase HDL cholesterol, inhibits lipid
peroxdation, lower blood pressure and inhibit plaque deposition in arteries.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
a. Heart health

 The protective effect of soy foods is most apparent when soy is eaten in early life.

 Soy isoflavones appears to lower serum cholesterols level, increase HDL cholesterol, inhibits lipid
peroxdation, lower blood pressure and inhibit plaque deposition in arteries.

 It is also suggested that soy reduces the absorption of bile acid and enhances the bile acid excretion
there by lowering blood cholesterol.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
a. Heart health

 The protective effect of soy foods is most apparent when soy is eaten in early life.

 Soy isoflavones appears to lower serum cholesterols level, increase HDL cholesterol, inhibits lipid
peroxdation, lower blood pressure and inhibit plaque deposition in arteries.

 It is also suggested that soy reduces the absorption of bile acid and enhances the bile acid excretion
there by lowering blood cholesterol.

 It has been estimated that soy protein diets must contain 1.5mg isoflavone/g soy protein to provide the
cholesterol lowering effects in humans.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

b. Menopausal symptoms
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

b. Menopausal symptoms

 Many women undergoing the menopause experience ‘hot flushes’, which are believed to result from
fluctuations in the brain’s temperature regulating system as a consequence of the decline in the
production of estrogen.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

b. Menopausal symptoms

 Many women undergoing the menopause experience ‘hot flushes’, which are believed to result from
fluctuations in the brain’s temperature regulating system as a consequence of the decline in the
production of estrogen.

 Up to 75% of western women experience hot flushes, which contrasts strongly with only around 20% of
Japanese and Chinese women who consume a ‘traditional’ diet based on soya foods.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

b. Menopausal symptoms

 Many women undergoing the menopause experience ‘hot flushes’, which are believed to result from
fluctuations in the brain’s temperature regulating system as a consequence of the decline in the
production of estrogen.

 Up to 75% of western women experience hot flushes, which contrasts strongly with only around 20% of
Japanese and Chinese women who consume a ‘traditional’ diet based on soya foods.

 Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) remains the most effective treatment of menopausal symptoms.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

b. Menopausal symptoms

 Many women undergoing the menopause experience ‘hot flushes’, which are believed to result from
fluctuations in the brain’s temperature regulating system as a consequence of the decline in the
production of estrogen.

 Up to 75% of western women experience hot flushes, which contrasts strongly with only around 20% of
Japanese and Chinese women who consume a ‘traditional’ diet based on soya foods.

 Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) remains the most effective treatment of menopausal symptoms.

 However, several studies show that consuming around 50-80mg soya isoflavones daily for 8-12 weeks
can help lower hot flush frequency and severity by 25%.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
c. Cancer
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
c. Cancer

 Genistein and daidzein and possibly their metabolites have been suggested to affect breast cancer by
suppressing tumor initiation and proliferation.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
c. Cancer

 Genistein and daidzein and possibly their metabolites have been suggested to affect breast cancer by
suppressing tumor initiation and proliferation.

 Numerous studies showed that consuming soy foods inhibit the growth of neoplastic cells both in
hormone related cancers (such as breast, prostate) and hormone independent cancers (such as colon,
skin).
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
c. Cancer

 Genistein and daidzein and possibly their metabolites have been suggested to affect breast cancer by
suppressing tumor initiation and proliferation.

 Numerous studies showed that consuming soy foods inhibit the growth of neoplastic cells both in
hormone related cancers (such as breast, prostate) and hormone independent cancers (such as colon,
skin).

 Studies show that who eat the most soy are about 30% less likely to develop prostate cancer then who
eat little soy.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
c. Cancer

 Genistein and daidzein and possibly their metabolites have been suggested to affect breast cancer by
suppressing tumor initiation and proliferation.

 Numerous studies showed that consuming soy foods inhibit the growth of neoplastic cells both in
hormone related cancers (such as breast, prostate) and hormone independent cancers (such as colon,
skin).

 Studies show that who eat the most soy are about 30% less likely to develop prostate cancer then who
eat little soy.

 It may be unwise for women, especially those with estrogen receptor positive breast tumors, to
increase their phytoestrogen intake.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products
c. Cancer

 Genistein and daidzein and possibly their metabolites have been suggested to affect breast cancer by
suppressing tumor initiation and proliferation.

 Numerous studies showed that consuming soy foods inhibit the growth of neoplastic cells both in
hormone related cancers (such as breast, prostate) and hormone independent cancers (such as colon,
skin).

 Studies show that who eat the most soy are about 30% less likely to develop prostate cancer then who
eat little soy.

 It may be unwise for women, especially those with estrogen receptor positive breast tumors, to
increase their phytoestrogen intake.

 Animal studies suggest that genistein, a soy isoflavone, may antagonize the effects of tamoxifen.
Therefore patients taking tamoxifen should consult their physicians about the use of phytoestrogens.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

d. Osteoporosis
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

d. Osteoporosis
 Osteoporosis is particularly a concern of post menopausal women because of the significant
decrease in estrogen loss that they experience.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

d. Osteoporosis
 Osteoporosis is particularly a concern of post menopausal women because of the significant
decrease in estrogen loss that they experience.

 The isoflavone component of soy that offers weak estrogenic effects may also help to prevent bone
loss as that of hormone replacement therapy.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

d. Osteoporosis
 Osteoporosis is particularly a concern of post menopausal women because of the significant
decrease in estrogen loss that they experience.

 The isoflavone component of soy that offers weak estrogenic effects may also help to prevent bone
loss as that of hormone replacement therapy.

 The addition of soy foods to a woman’s diet may also decrease bone loss and help to enhance bone
mineral density by increasing calcium retention.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

SOY SIDE EFFECTS

 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

SOY SIDE EFFECTS

 Human studies support the safety of both isoflavone supplements and soy foods.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

SOY SIDE EFFECTS

 Human studies support the safety of both isoflavone supplements and soy foods.

 Studies consistently show that eating soya foods does not raise estrogen levels, upset hormonal balance
or reduce testosterone concentrations in men; no adverse effects on fertility or sexual health have been
reported.
 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

SOY SIDE EFFECTS

 Human studies support the safety of both isoflavone supplements and soy foods.

 Studies consistently show that eating soya foods does not raise estrogen levels, upset hormonal balance
or reduce testosterone concentrations in men; no adverse effects on fertility or sexual health have been
reported.

 Soyfoods have no effect on thyroid function in people with normal thyroids.

 SOY AND ISOFLAVONES
Health benefits of Soy products

SOY SIDE EFFECTS

 Human studies support the safety of both isoflavone supplements and soy foods.

 Studies consistently show that eating soya foods does not raise estrogen levels, upset hormonal balance
or reduce testosterone concentrations in men; no adverse effects on fertility or sexual health have been
reported.

 Soyfoods have no effect on thyroid function in people with normal thyroids.

 Even though not enough is known about the safety of higher doses stay on the safe side and avoid larger
doses.
Arzun ghimire, cct 47