TRANSMISSION Olpoc, Jasper Ian A.

ECE126/E01

AND RECEPTION
 TRANSMISSION
• The colour television signal actually consists of two
components, luminance (or brilliance) and chrominance;
and chrominance itself has two aspects, hue (colour)
and saturation (intensity of colour). The television
camera does not produce these values directly; rather, it
produces three picture signals that represent the
amounts of the three primary colours (blue, green, and
red) present at each point in the image pattern. From
these three primary-colour signals the luminance and
chrominance components are derived by manipulation in
electronic circuits.
 Luminance Chrominance
describes the frequency of light at
a given point on the screen, or in
more common terms, the color of
the light to be produced at a given
point. It also specifies what color
is to be shown at a given point on
the display as well as how
saturated or intense the shade of
color that is shown.
is a weighted sum of the three
colors of light used in color
television and computer displays -
which are Red, Green and Blue -
at a given point on the screen. A
stronger luminance signal
indicates a more intense
brightness of light at a given spot
on the screen.
 LUMINANCE AND CHROMINANCE
Together, luminance indicates
how bright a given location on
the screen is, and chrominance
specifies how close to not having
a color (just being "White "), or
how intense the shade of color
at the brightness specified by the
luminance should be When
combing the primary colors, red,
green and blue they yield
another colors. When all the
colors were combined they
produce white.
Generating the colour picture signal
1. The television camera produces three picture
signals that represent the amounts of the
three primary colours (blue, green, and red)
present at each point in the image pattern.
2. The colour coder converts the primary-colour
signals into the luminance and chrominance
signals.
3. The luminance and chrominance components
are then combined in another addition circuit
to form the overall colour picture signal.
4. Finally, horizontal and vertical deection
currents, which produce the scanning in the
three camera sensors, are formed in a
scanning generator, the timing of which is
controlled by the chrominance subcarrier.
 TV CAMERA
CAMERA IS THE FIRST AND BASIC
EQUIPMENT IN A TV. THE INPUT TO A
CAMERA IS THE LIGHT FROM THE
PICTURE OR SCENE TO BE
TELEVISED AND OUTPUT OBTAINED
FROM CAMERA IS THE ELECTRICAL
PULSES CORRESPONDING TO THE
INFORMATION CONTAINED IN
PICTURE. THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
ALL TV CAMERAS IS BASED ON THE
FACT THE EACH PICTURE OF ALL TV
CAMERA MAYBE ASSUMED TO BE
COMPOSED OF SMALL ELEMENTS
WITH DIFFERENT LIGHT INTENSITY.
 TV cameras break pictures up into
separate red, green, and blue signals.
White light (made of all colors) coming
from the object being filmed passes
through the lens (1) and enters a beam
splitter (2). This is usually a two-part,
trichroic prism that divides the light into
separate red, green, and blue beams,
each of which is detected by a separate
CCD or CMOS image sensor.
A circuit (3) mathematically synchronizes and combines the
outputs from the red, green, and blue image sensors to make a
single video signal based on components called luminance and
chrominance (loosely, the brightness and color of each part of
the image). Another part of the circuit instantly recreates the
image being filmed on a small screen in a viewfinder (4).
Meanwhile, sound from a microphone (not shown) is
synchronized with the video signal to produce an output signal
ready for transmission (5)
 RECEPTION
At the television receiver the sound and picture carrier
waves are picked up by the receiving antenna, producing
currents that are identical in form to those owing in the
transmitter antenna but much weaker. These currents are
conducted from the antenna to the receiver by a lead-in
transmission line, typically a 12-mm (one-half-inch) ribbon
of plastic in which are embedded two parallel copper wires.
This form of transmission line is capable of passing the
carrier currents to the receiver, without relative
discrimination between frequencies, on all the channels to
which the receiver may be tuned.