Management

Soma Sur
 What is Management ?

• Art of getting things done through people -    Mary Follet

• To Manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command,

to coordinate and to control.
- Henry Fayol
• Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then
seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way.
- F.W. Taylor
• Management is the function of executive leadership anywhere
- R. C. Davis
• Management is the process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently
accomplish selected aims.    H. Koontz

Management is the process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating,

and controlling to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of
people and resources .
    George. R. Terry

• Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and

controlling the efforts of the organization members and of using all other
organizational resources to achieve the stated organizational goals.
F . S toner
• Management is a multipurpose organ that manage a
business and manages Managers and manages Workers
and Work.
- Peter Drucker

• Management is guiding human and physical resources

into dynamic organizational units which attain their
objectives to the satisfaction of those served and with a
high degree of morale and a sense of attainment on the
part of those rendering service.
- AMA
  Management is the force that unifies human as well as
non-human resources in the service of organizational goals

Manpower

Methods
Money

MANAGEMENT

Machinery
Materials
Key Aspects of Management Process

Coping with Changing Environment

Getting
the most out
of limited resources

Achieving organizational
Objectives

Balancing
Working with effectiveness
and through others and efficiency
SIGNIFICANCE OF MANAGEMENT

Without Management, an organization is merely

a collection of men, machines, money and
material. The significance of management can
be understood from the following points :
  - Optimum use of resources
- Effective leadership and motivation
- Establishes sound Employee Relations
- Achievement of goals 
 Who are Managers ?

• Managers are individuals charged with

monitoring the workflow, integrating efforts,
meeting goals and providing leadership
– Directors
– Coordinators
– Activating elements
– Providers of assistance to rank and file members
who perform the workflow activities
Management Functions
• Managers are known by the work they do, the functions
they perform
• These functions can be broadly classified into five
categories

– Planning
– Organizing
– Staffing
– Directing
– Controlling
Planning
• Planning is an intellectual process, conscious
determination of courses of action, based on
decisions on purpose, facts and considered
estimates
• Planning is the process of deciding
– WHAT is to done ?
– HOW it is to be done ?
– WHERE it is to be done ?
– WHO is to do it ?
– HOW RESULTS are to be evaluated ?
Organizing

• Organizing is the process of creating a structure

of relationships to enable employees to carry out
management’s plans and meet its goals
 Staffing
• Staffing is that managerial function which
involves filling, and keeping filled positions in the
organization structure
 Directing
• Directing is the interpersonal aspect of
managing by which subordinates are led to
understand and contribute effectively and
efficiently to the attainment of organizational
goals
 Controlling
• Controlling is the management function
concerned with monitoring employee’s activities,
keeping the organization on track toward its
goals, and taking corrective actions as required
• Managers perform these functions within the limits
established by the external environment

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Planning

Controlling Organising

Directing Staffing
 Managerial Roles
• Figurehead : Representing the organization in formal
matters;serving as a symbol of the
organization
• Liaison : Interacting with peer and people outside
the organization
• Leader : Activities concerned with subordinates
• Monitor : Receiving and collecting information
• Disseminator : Transmitting information within the
organization
• Spokesman : Transmitting information to people outside
the organization
 Managerial Roles

• Entrepreneur : Introducing change

• Disturbance Handler : Taking charge when the
organization is threatened
• Resource Allocator : Deciding where the organization
will expend its efforts and what
resources will be expended
• Negotiator : Dealing with people or with
other organizations
• These Managerial Roles can be grouped into
three categories :

– Interpersonal Roles
– Informational Roles
– Decisional Roles
 Figurehead
Interpersonal Roles Liaison
Leader
Monitor
Informational Roles Disseminator
Spokesperson
Entrepreneur
Decisional Roles Disturbance Handler
Resource Allocator
Negotiator
 Levels of Managers
• Top Managers – Managers who are responsible for
the overall direction and operations of an
organization
• Middle managers – Managers who receive broad,
overall strategies and policies from top managers
and translate them into specific goals and plans for
the first-line managers to implement
• (Lower level) First-line Managers – Managers
directly responsible for the production of goods and
services
 Managerial Skills
• Technical Skill – The activity to use specific knowledge,
methods, and techniques in performing
work
• Human Skill - The ability to understand motivate and get
along with other people
• Conceptual Skill - The ability to visualise the organization as
whole, discern interrelationships among
organization parts, and understand how it
fits into the wider context of the industry,
community and world
 Managerial Skills at various Levels

Top Management Conceptual

Skill

Middle Management Human

Skill
Technical
Lower Level Skill
Management
Responsibilities of a Manager
• .Share risk and hardship.
• .Win respect not because of his position but because of
his performance.
• .Practice what he preaches.
• .Listen with understanding.
• .Support and help.
• .Always use team approach.
• .Do not over boss.
• .Communicate openly and honestly.
• .Bring out the best in his staff.
• .Give proper direction.