TOPIC 4

FLOW OF PHILOSOPHY
RATIONALISME EMPERISME SCEPTISISME
• Definition • Definition • Definition
• History & Development • History & Development • History & Development
• Pattern • Pattern • Pattern
• Advantages & • Advantages & • Advantages &
Disadvantages Disadvantages Disadvantages
 DEFINITION OF
RASIONALISME

A view that hold the intellect is the

source of knowledge and truth
 History of Rationalism
It clearly started in the middle of the 17th and 18th centuries.
This trend has an impact on development of knowledge in that Era
3 Philosopher :

Descartes (1596-1650M) Spinoza (1632- 1677M) Leibniz (1646-1716M)

 PATTERN OF RATIONALISM
Rationalisme does not negate
the function of the sense on
acquiring knowledge because
it stimulates the intellect and
provide the material for brain
Rationalisme is a stream of to work
philosophy that states the
truth and must be
determined by logical proff
and analysis by faith and
religious
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Its ability to form of • Tends to focus on the
philosophical systems,
especially of logic and subject rather than
mathematics the object
• Able to explain complex • is revealed through
understandings his attempt to
understand
something or
something beyond
the scope or
willingness of
rationality
EMPIRISME
Definition of Imperisme
From the terminology, there are 3 definitions
1.The doctrine states that the source of all knowledge must be
sought based on experience
2. All ideas are abstract formulated by combining what they
experience
3. The sensory experience is the only source of non-sense knowledge
Summary :
a stream of philosophies that view that knowledge as a whole or in
part based on experience using the senses
 HISTORY OF EMPIRISME
Empirisme was developed by British philosopher in the 18th century

John George
Locke Berkeley

David John
Hum Stuart Mill
For the moral code of empiricism, one declares that an act is
wrong,
not because he or she investigates it as an act of wrongdoing
instead of being perceived as wrong and subsequently
expressed in a word as an act of wrongdoing.

This idea of ​empirical moral philosophy is then combined with

the theory
of utilitarianism which states that one's duty is to achieve the
maximum happiness possible.

The empiricists have the view that maximum happiness must be

achieved by instinct.
PATTERN OF EMPIRISME
According to Hume in Aceng Rachmat et al (2011), there are 3 principle of
 Principle of Similarity : Find similarities between whats’s in our minds and
external reality
Principle of Proximity: When we think about home, based on the principle of
proximity, we also think about door, windows and so on.
Principle of causation:If we think about wound, we will think more about pain
than the result
 ADVANTAGES
 Made a major contribution to the field of science and technology in the
19th century
 a major contributor to the emergence of modern science and the
application of scientific methods to the development of western civilization
 has sparked the revolution of social science and natural science

 earned a special place in the social science methodology

DISADVANTAGES

Ability to make Emperorism has

connections an unsuspecting
The human sense
between the and questionable
can make mistake
various facts arrangement of
gained is dubious knowledge
SCEPTISISME
 DEFINITION
“Skeptoma”

From Greek Word

Is understood as science
doctrine that emphasizes
uncertainty in a science
History of Skepticsm
Refer to an attitude of doubt or inclination either in general or toward a particular object
Classic sceptism has 3 flow:
(a)Pyrronic
(b)New Academi
(c) Final Skepticsm

It arises from the notion of the certainty of an object whether it actually exists or is merely a
belief
 Lead by Renes Descartes
who provide a method of
scepticism aimed at
gained certainty and truth

There are more radical flow that

adopts a modern way of thinking
scepticism to complement
philosophy with more systematic
way of thinking

2 form of scepticism
(a) Relative
(b) Absolute
 ADVANTAGES

(a) Make a valuable contribution to the

development of philosophy as this
sceptical policy stays positively
sceptical of every claim made

Skepticism gives us the illusion that if

we know something the we will never
be wrong
 DISADVANTAGES

The reality shows the Radical scepticism

concept of pairing between
black and white, right and will give rise to many
wrong and so on contadictions