CHAPTER- 2

BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES

TOPIC - 4
TRACKING SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
SUB-TOPIC – 4.1,4.2
BURIALS
LOOKING FOR ‘’LUXURIES’’
TRACKING SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
TO FIND OUT SOCIAL OR ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES AMONGST
PEOPLE LIVING WITHIN PARTICULAR CULTURE

THERE WERE TWO STRATEGIES

BURIALS ARTEFACTS

UTILITARIAN LUXURIES
QUESTION:- COULD THESE VARIATION BE AN
INDICATION OF SOCIAL DIFFERENCE?

WE ARE NOT SURE

BUT
WHAT WE KNOW IS THAT

SOME GRAVES
CONTAIN

ORNAMENTS
INDICATING A BELIEF THAT THESE
COULD BE USED IN AFTERLIFE.
POTTERY
IN EXCAVATIONS AT CEMENTERY
IN HARAPPA – MID 1980
ORNAMENTS CONSISTING
OF 3 SHELL RINGS

JASPER (KIND OF SEMI-

PRECIOUS STONE) ALL THESE WERE
FOUND
BEADS NEAR THE
SKULL OF MALE
HUNDREDS OF
MICRO BEADS
JEWELLARY
HAD BEEN FOUND IN
BURIAL OF BOTH

MEN WOMEN

IN SOME INSTANCE
DEAD WERE BURIED WITH COPPER MIRROR

BUT
ON A WHOLE
IT APPEAR THAT

HARAPPANS DID NOT BELIEVE IN

BURYING PRECIOUS THINGS WITH DEAD.
LOOKING FOR LUXURIES
ANOTHER WAY TO IDENTIFY SOCIAL DIFFERENCE IS
TO STUDY ARTEFACTS

ARCHAEOLOGIST
CLASSIFY
ARTEFACTS INTO
2 PARTS

UTILITARIAN LUXURIES
 ARTEFACTS

UTILITARIAN LUXURIES

IT INCLUDE OBJECTS OF DAILY USE MADE IT INCLUDE OBJECTS OF

FROM ORINARY MATERIALS SUCH AS RARE USE MADE FROM

QUERNS STONE COSTLY

CLAY NON-LOCAL
POTTERY LITTLE POT MATERIAL
OF FAIENCE
COMPLICATED
NEEDLES TECHNOLOGY

FLESH-RUBBER
A MATERIAL MADE
OF GROUND SAND
THESE ARE USUALLY FOUND
OR SILICA MIXED
DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT
THESE WERE WITH COLOUR
SETTLEMENTS
DIFFICULT TO MAKE AND A GUM AND
THEN FIRED.
SITUATION BECAME MORE CRITICAL
WHEN
WE FIND WHAT SEEMS TO BE ARTICLES OF DAILY USE
SUCH AS
SPINDLE WHORLS
MADE OF RARE MATERIAL
SUCH AS FAIENCE.

GOLD
-----TOO WAS RARE-PROBABLY PRECIOUS.
-----ALL THE GOLD JEWELLERY FOUND
AT HARAPPA SITES WAS RECOVERED FROM
HOARDS.
QUESTION:- DO WE CLASSIFY THESE AS UTILITARIAN OR LUXURIES?
IF WE STUD Y THE DISTRIBUTION OFSUCH ARTEFACTS
WE FOUND THAT
RARE OBJECTS MADE OF VALUABLE MATERIAL ARE GENERALLY
CONCENTRATED IN LARGE SETTLEMENTS SUCH AS

HARAPPA MOHENJODARO

EXAMPLE

FOUND IN MINIATURE POTS OF FAIENCE

BOTH SITES USED AS PERFUME BOTTLES
 IMPORTANT WORD MEANING

STRATEGIES
PITS
A PLAN OR ACTION DESIGNED TO ACHIEVE SOMETHING

A LARGE HOLE IN THE GROUND

CONTEMPORANEOUS
OCCURING IN THE SAME PERIOD OF TIME

HOLLOWED -OUT
TO MAKE EMPTY SPACE IN SOMETHING

CEMETERY
BURIAL GROUND , GRAVEYARD

EXCAVATIONS
TO EXCAVATE SOMETHING
 QUERNS
TOOLS FOR HAND GRINDING
FAIENCE
A MATERIAL MADE OF GROUND SAND OR SILICA

SPINDLE
AXLE

MINIATURE
SMALL POTS
POTS
UTILITARIAN
OBJECTS OF DAILY USE

HOARDS
A STOCK OF SOMETHING
 THANK YOU
BY NAMAN SHARMA
8979 007 007