Applications of Bernoulli's

Equation

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 Applications of Bernoulli's Equation
• Tanks, Reservoirs, and Nozzles Exposed to the
Atmosphere.
When the fluid at a reference point
is exposed to the atmosphere, the
pressure is zero and the pressure
head term can be cancelled from
Bernoulli's equation.

The velocity head at the surface of

a tank or reservoir is considered to
be zero and it can be cancelled
from Bernoulli's equation.

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 Applications of Bernoulli's Equation

• When both reference points are in the same

pipe.
When the two points of reference for Bernoulli's
equation are both inside a pipe of the same size,
the velocity head terms on both sides of the
equation are equal and can be cancelled.

• When elevations are equal at both reference

points When the two points of reference for Bernoulli's
equation are both at the same elevation, the
elevation head terms z1 and z2 are equal and can be
cancelled.

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 Example Problem 6.10
• Figure below shows a siphon that is used to draw water from a swimming
pool. The tube that makes up the siphon has an ID of 40 mm and
terminates with a 25-mm diameter nozzle. Assuming that there are no
energy losses in the system, calculate the volume flow rate through the
siphon and the pressure at points B-E.

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 Example Problem 6.10
• The first step in this problem solution is to calculate the volume flow rate
Q, using Bernoulli's equation. The two most convenient points to use for
this calculation are A and F. What is known about point A?
• Because PA = 0 Pa, PF = 0 Pa, and VA is approximately zero, we can cancel
them from the equation. What remains is

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 Example Problem 6.10
• Using the definition of volume flow rate, Q = Av, compute the volume flow
rate.

• Now use Bernoulli's equation to determine pB. What two points should be
used?

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 Example Problem 6.10
• Points A and B are the best. As shown in the previous panels, using point A
allows the equation to be simplified greatly, and because we are looking
for pB. we must choose point B.
• Write Bernoulli's equation for points A and B, simplify it as before, and
solve for pB.

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 Example Problem 6.10
• We can calculate vs by using the continuity equation:

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 Example Problem 6.10
Notice that when we deal with fluids in motion, the concept
that points on the same level have the same pressure does not
apply
as it does with fluids at rest.

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 Example Problem 6.10

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 Applications of Bernoulli's Equation

• Venturi meters and other closed systems

with unknown velocities
The reduced-diameter section at B causes
the velocity of flow to increase there with
a corresponding decrease in the pressure.
It will be shown that the velocity of flow is
dependent on the difference in pressure
between points A and B. Therefore, a
differential manometer as shown is
convenient to use.

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 Example Problem 6.11
• The venturi meter shown in Fig. 6.9
carries water at 60°C . The inside
dimensions are machined to the sizes
shown in the figure. The specific
gravity of the gage fluid in the
manometer is 1.25. Calculate the
velocity of flow at section A and the
volume flow rate of water.

• The specific weight r is for water at 60°C,

which is 9.65 kN / m3 (Appendix A).

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 The value is negative because B is higher than A.

• A new problem occurs here because the data in

Fig. 6.9 do not include the vertical distance from
point A to the level of the gage fluid in the right
leg of the manometer. We will show that this
problem will be eliminated by simply calling this
unknown distance y or any other variable name.

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 Problem 6.78
• The venturi meter shown in Fig. Below
carries oil (sg = 0.90). The specific gravity
of the gage fluid in the manometer is
1.40.
• Calculate the volume flow rate of oil?

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