Anthracnose of Mango

Anthracnose of Mango
The pathogen
• It is a fungal disease.
• The pathogen responsible is colletotrichum
gloeosporioides, the conidial stage of
Ascomycetous fungus Glomerella cingulata.
colletotrichum gloeosporioides
The events of disease cycle
1. Inoculation.
2. Penetration.
3. Establishmebt of Infection.
4. Invasion.
5. Colonization.
6. Dissemination of pathogen.
7. Survival of pathogen
 1.Inoculation
• Conidia is the Primary source of inoculum.
• Ascospore production in dry leaves on the
ground has also been reported.
• Conidia can be rain splashed to other leaves or
flower to cause secondary infection.
• Spores land on infection
sites(panicles,leaves,branche terminals).
• They were produced on lessions on
leaves,twigs,panicles,and mummified fruit.
 2.Penetration
• Colletotrichum gloeosporioides requires
relative humidity ie; above 95% for conidial
germination and appressorium formation.(Pre
penetration)
• In general infection s favored at temperatures
ranging from 20 to 40°C.
• On immature fruits and young tissues,spores
germinate and penetrate through the cuticle
and epidermis.
• On mature fruits,pathogen penetrate the
cuticle but remain quiscent until ripening of
the climateric fruits begins.
 3.Establishment of infection
• Infection is the process by which pathogen
establish contact with the susceptible cells or
tissues of the host and derive nutrients from them.
• The nutrient relation with host affect the
metabolism.
• A parasitic relationship is formed between host
cytoplasm and parasitic cytoplasm.
• Successful infections result in the appearance of
symptoms.
 Panicle symptoms
• Blossums turns black and dry up.
 Anthracnose symptoms on fruits
• Fruit of all ages may be infected.
• Premature falling of young fruits.
• The skin of mature fruit disfigured by black spot.
• The fruit pulp beneath the spots become hard latter
decay at ripening.
 Leafy symptoms
• Irregular-shaped black necrotic spots appears
on both surfaces of the mango leaf.
• Severely affected leaves usually curl.
• Premature falling of young
leaves.
 Stem,branch,and twig
symptoms
• Affected young twigs shows dieback
symptoms.
 4. Invasion

• Fungi spread in to all parts of the host

organism either by growing directly
through the cells as an intracellular
mycelium or by growing between the
cells as an intercelular mycelium.
5. Growth and reproduction of
pathogen or colonization

• Sticky masses of conidia are produced in

fruiting bodies(acervuli)on infected part
especially during moist
(rainy,humid)conditions
 6. Dissemination
• Passive or Indirect dispersal-dispersal of
plant pathogen happens through animate
and inanimate agents.
• Animate agents-insects,nematodes,human
beings,etc...
• Inanimate agents-wind(Anemochory),water
(Hydrochory).
• Water dispersal occurs mainly through
surface running water and rain splash.
 7. Pathogen survival

• The pathogen survives between seasons on

infected and defoliated branch terminals and
mature leaves.(Saprophytic survival out side
the host)
Disease cycle
 Integrated disease management
practices
Consists of five approaches:
1.Site selection.
2.Cultivar selection.
3.Culturel practices in the field
(Sanitation,Plant spacing,Intercropping
etc...).
4.Fungicide sprays in the field(Bordeaux
mixture,Zineb etc...)
5.Post harvest treatments.
Post harvest treatments
(Physical,Chemical)

• Refrigerate - keep at 10°C , but do not chill

fruits before they are ripe.
• Hot water dip - dip fruits for 15 minutes
about
• 49-55°C depending on variety.
• Vapour heat , forced air dry heat - apply for
3-6 hours at various temperature.
• Heated fungicide dips(aqueous).
 Resistant varieties

• Keitt
• Kent
• Kessington pride-Moderately resistant to
disease(Australia)
 Reference
• Ashok Aggarwal ,R.S Mehrotra.Plant
Pathology.Second edition.Tata Mc Graw-Hill
Publishing company Limited,New Delhi.Pg
No:536-537.
• George N Agrios.Plant Pathology.Fifth
edition.Elsevies Academic press.
• J.E Mitcham,S wang and S Lurie(2007).Heat
treatment for post harvest pest control.CAB
International.Cambridge.Pg No:349
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