Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Management
Process Strategies
Process Strategies
How to produce a product or provide
a service that
Meets or exceeds customer
requirements
Meets cost and managerial goals
Has long term effects on
Efficiency and production flexibility
Costs and quality
Process Strategies
Four basic strategies
Process focus
Repetitive focus
Product focus
Mass customization
Hospital
Print jobs
Carpentry jobs
Machine Machine jobs
Shop Banks
Process Focus
Job Shop
Automobiles
Food
stuffs
Motorbikes
Cycles
Washing
machines
Repetitive Focus
Automobile Assembly Line
Raw Modules
materials combined
and for many
module output
inputs options
Few
modules
Product Focus
Facilities are organized by product
High volume but low variety of
products
Long, continuous production runs
enable efficient processes
Typically high fixed cost but low
variable cost
Generally less skilled labor
Product-Focused Strategy - Examples
Commercial baked
goods
Steel manufacturing
Glass manufacturing
Paper and board making
Paper (Continuous)
Product Focus
Continuous Work Flow
Output
variations
Few in size,
inputs shape,
and
packaging
Mass Customization
Mass Customization
Effective Rapid
scheduling throughput
techniques techniques
Process-Focused Product-Focused
High variety, low volume Low variety, high volume
Low utilization (5% to 25%) High utilization (70% to 90%)
General-purpose equipment Specialized equipment
Comparison of Processes
Process Repetitive Product Focus Mass
Focus Focus (High-volume, Customization
(Low volume, (Modular) low-variety) (High-volume,
high variety) high-variety)
Process
Sales order
Order
Production Wait
control
Product
Order
Plant A Print
Product
WIP
Product
WIP
WIP
Plant B Extrude
WIP
Process
Sales order
Product
Order
Production
control Wait
Order
WIP
Plant Print Extrude
Product
Warehouse Wait
Product
Transport Move