EARTHQUAKE

Prepared by: JOHN MICHAEL G. ESPERANZATE

Definition:
An EARTHQUAKE is defined as a perceptible
tremor in the surface of the Earth, which is
caused by seismic waves resulting from the
sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust
 Two ways by which we can measure
the strength of an earthquake:

Magnitude is proportional to the energy The intensity is generally

released by an earthquake at the focus. It is higher near the epicenter. It is
calculated represented by Roman
from earthquakes recorded by an instrument Numerals (e.g. II,
called seismograph. It is represented by Arabic IV, IX). In the Philippines, the
Numbers (e.g. 4.8, 9.0). Intensity on the other
intensity of an earthquake is
hand is the strength of an earthquake as
perceived and felt by people in a certain determined using the
locality. It is a numerical rating based on the PHIVOLCS
relative effects topeople, objects, environment Earthquake Intensity Scale
and structures in the surrounding. (PEIS).
 4
TYPES
TECTONIC
OF COLLAPSE
EARTH
QUAKES

VOLCANIC EXPLOSION
TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE
is one that occurs when the earth’s
crust breaks due to geological forces
on rocksand adjoining plates that
cause physical and chemical changes.
VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE
is any earthquake that results from
tectonic forces which occur in
conjunction with volcanic activity.
COLLAPSE EARTHQUAKE
are small earthquakes in underground
caverns and mines that are caused by
seismic waves produced from the
explosion of rock on the surface.
EXPLOSION EARTHQUAKE
is an earthquake that is the result of
the detonation of a nuclear and/or
chemical device.
 THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAULTS

NORMAL FAULTS REVERSE FAULTS

TRANSCURRENT
form when the
OR STRIKE-SLIP
form when the
hanging wall drops hanging wall moves
down. The forces that faults have walls
that move up. The forces
create normal faults creating reverse faults
are pulling the sides sideways, not up
or down are compressional,
apart, or extensional. pushing the sides
together.
This is how EARTHQUAKE happen
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