• Plant siting – Statutory compliance

• Plant siting - Technical

• Layout Objectives

• Layout – Evolution(case Study)

• New Initiatives

• Kaliedoscope

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1. Location of thermal power plants should be avoided within 15
km of the peripheries of the following:
i. Metropolitan cities
ii. National parks and wildlife sanctuaries
iii. Ecological sensitive areas like tropical forests, biosphere reserves, national
parks & sanctuaries, important lakes and coastal areas rich in coral formations.

2. In order to protect the coastal areas above 500 m of HTL, a

buffer zone of 5 km should be kept free of any TPS.
3. The site (chimney) should not fall within the approach funnel
of the runaway of the nearest airport.

4. The site should be at least 500 m away from the Flood Plain of
the Riverine Systems.
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wise sensitive areas: at least 25 km.
5. The site should be at least ½ km away from the highways.

6. Location of TPS should be avoided in the vicinity (say 7 km) of

the places of archaeological, historical, cultural, religious or
tourist important and defense installations.

7. No forest or prime agricultural land should be utilized for

setting up of TPS, or for ash disposal.

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• Vast stretches of land needed for various facilities
like Raw water reservoir, Ash Pond, Coal Stock yard,
Main Plant, Switch yard, etc.
• Land should be relatively plain without widely
varying levels as this would increase leveling &
grading costs
• Land should be habitat free as Land Acquisition is a
very sensitive issue; owners are associated with the
land for generations
• Barren land is preferred to forested land with tree
cover
• CEA has recommended typical land requirements for
Thermal Power Plants
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• Thermal power Plants need huge quantities of water
for cooling purposes
• Fresh water is a very precious resource ; It is required
for Agricultural, Industrial & Domestic consumption
• Storage capacities in the Reservoirs haven’t
increased in line with demand due to difficulties in
dam construction (Ecological implications, Cost
,Rehabilitation & resettlement, Agitations by NGO’s)
• Challenge for Power Developers to reduce Water
footprint
• Latest CEA recommendations for Water Use in TPS

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• Thermal Power Plants are typically classified as Pit Head
stations & Load Centre stations
• All the Power stations of DVC could be under the Pit
Centre category due to the proximity of Coal mines
• Load centre power stations are those located in Punjab &
Haryana, Gujarat & rajasthan where the coal is
transported from Eastern or central coal fields
• Dedicated fuel source is a mater of prime concern for
developers as the pay back is totally dependent on the
same
• Typically the fuel cost constitutes 50% of cost of
generation

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• Before developing Power plants the prospective
customers are identified & MoU/PPA’s are signed
• The access to these customers & alternative
power evacuation routes in case of default by
these customers are factored in before going for
the investment decision.
• In India the interstate /National power highways
are mostly controlled by Power grid but the
sector is open to Private power developers now.

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• Rail/Road connectivity is one of the most important
factor that effects the project cost & schedule as well
as the cost of generation
• Before the 11th plan all the oversized consignments
were transported by rail ; with the development of
good roads it has become easier to transport all
components by road.
• Proximity to State highway or National Highway is
desired to reduce road development costs
• Fuel i.e coal is invariably transported by rail except
for coastal Plants; so rail connectivity within
reasonable cost is desirable for economic viability

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• A good Layout should fulfill the following objectives
1. Efficient operation
- reliability of operation
- safety in operation
- simplicity of operation
- good working conditions
- ease of maintenance
- service experience (aesthetics)
2. Minimum Overall cost
- low capital cost
- low operating cost
- construction efficiency
- plant life

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• The above mentioned design objectives will have
to take into account

– Statutory Legislation

– Environmental protection measures

– Local resources and expertise available

– Siting restraints

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• LOCATION : Long - 87°12' 00”To 87°14’ 00” (EAST)
Lat - 23°33' To 23°34’ (NORTH)

• ENGULFED BY NH2 AT NORTH and RAIL TRACK (Howrah

Delhi Eastern Railway Line) AT SOUTH.

• PLANT AREA : 186.56 ha / 461 ac.

• ASH POND : 38.44 ha / 95 ac.

• TOTAL AREA: 344.8 ha / 852 ac.

• TOTAL GREEN BELT : 182.1 ha. / 450 ac.

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• Facilities Layout – Plot Plan

• Grading & Leveling Plan

• Roads & drains

• Equipment Plan

• Piping & Pipe Racks

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• This Drawing could be called the Plot Plan where
all the Facilities envisaged for the Plant are
represented as blocks & the tentative road layout
is also represented
• The Plot Plan evolves through the Project life
cycle as the Site conditions warrant modifications
in the facilities disposition
• This is the basic & First drawing which kick starts
the Detailed engineering activities as all the
sizing calculations are based on this drawing.
• A well conceived Plot Plan seldom undergoes
major changes

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• Roads are an important aspect of civil Engineering
of a thermal power plant
• They effect the project schedule ; efficient
logistics of men & material during construction
phase could reduce project cycle by 15-20%
• The ease of maintenance is directly effected by
the road layout from stores to site & within site.
• Drains are required for drainage of liquid waste to
the effluent Treatment facilities
• Drains are also required to drain away the storm
water during rains
• Effective planning envisages multiple outfalls to
avoid flooding

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This Drawing indicates the position of the
equipment in the plant . All the equipments are
located within their coordinates or they are
located from the grid reference points. For each
equipment its tag number is attached.
This drawing is prepared by the Layout Engineer
in consultation with the Process
Piping Engineer further develops the his general
arrangement drawing based o the equipment
layout. Terminal points of the Piping are the
outcome of the Equipment Layout & Piping GAD

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It convey the fluids, between the various
equipment and end users.
It consists of various components such as pipes,
valves, fittings, online measuring instruments,
etc

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PIPING ENGINEERING
PROCESS FLOW
DIAGRAM

PIPING &
INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM

EQUIPMENT
LAYOUT

PIPING GENERAL
ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS ARRANGEMENT MATERIAL TAKE OFF

PIPE SUPPORT
FABRICATION GAD PURCHASE SPECIFICATION
DRAWINGS
PIPE SUPPORT

FABRICATION 33
DRAWINGS INSTALLATION
Pipe
Fittings (Elbows, Tees, Reducers, Couplings,
Unions, Olets)
Flanges
Gaskets
Fasteners
Valves
Special fittings
Specialty items (strainers, traps, bellows etc)
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This is a detailed diagram which is developed based on the
process flow diagram. From this diagram one will come to know
about the exact number of fluid services involved apart from the
main process fluid. Also this diagram will help the Piping
Engineer developing his piping arrangement.
The information which this diagram will provide to piping is
-Connecting Points of the Pipe
- Size of the pipe Material class of the Pipe
- Fluid Service of the Pipe
- Unique Line identification Number
- Insulation
- Connecting Points of a Pipe
- Valves, Instruments and specialties involved in the Pipeline.
- Pressure Temperature for the Equipments
- A P&ID Diagram is accompanied with Legend with all 35
This drawing shows the routing of the pipe as per the P&ID
with respect to Equipment and existing structure

Information Provided :

- Equipment location & orientation

- Lines with Line Numbers
- Instrument Tag
- Routing of the Pipe between Equipments
- Location of Existing Equipment & Interconnecting Piping
- Elevation of the pipeline

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LINE DIAGRAM OF PIPING, SHOWS FOLLOWING :
- Operating and Design temperature
- Operating and Design pressure
- Insulation required
- Service of fluid
- Thermal tracing
- Hydro test pressure
- Bill of material
- Inch-dia, Inch Meter
- Piping Class
- Pipe support locations
- Pipe support type
- Points of weld, its marking

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- Provide support so that pipe does not sag or bend
- Support locations are identified and stress analysis of pipe is
undertaken
- Support location depends on pipe diameter and thickness
- Expansion bellow for pipe which is operating at high
temperatures
- Various standard supports are available
- There are special supports also

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Thank
You

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Water Use Pattern in India-2010

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Land Requirement for Thermal Plants-CEA
Report

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Suggested WBD of 2X500 MW TPS -
CEA

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