AIR PREHEATERS

Typical savings from

Heat Rate Improvement ( Rs / Year)
 

  Pit Head Station Rail Fed Station

210 MW 500 MW 210 MW 500 MW

       

1% Overall Heat Rate 55.18 Lacs 131.4 Lacs 147 Lacs 350 Lacs
Improvement ( from 2500
kcal / kWh)

         

1 Deg C change in APH 2.64 Lacs 6.30 Lacs 7.06 Lacs 16.82 Lacs
Exit Gas Temperature
 TYPES OF AIR PREHEATERS

 RECUPERATIVE AIR PREHEATERS

 TUBULAR APH
 PLATE TYPE APH
 STEAM APH

 REGENERATIVE AIR PREHEATERS

 REGENERATIVE APH

IT ABSORBS HEAT FROM FG AND

TRANSFERS THIS HEAT TO INCOMING
COLD AIR BY MEANS OF
CONTINUOUSLY ROTATING HEAT
TRANSFER ELEMENTS OF SPECIALLY
FORMED METAL SHEETS.
Arrangement of Baskets
Arrangement of Baskets
Pin-rack assembly
 Types of Seals

 RADIAL SECTOR & AXIAL SEALING PLATE

 RADIAL, CIRCUMFRENCIAL & AXIAL SEALS

 ROTOR POST SEALS

 INBOARD & OUTBOARD STATIC SEALS

TYPES OF SEALS
APH DEFORMATION
Factors affecting the performance of
APHs

 Condition of heating elements

 Condition of seals /seal setting
 Condition of sector plates / axial
seal plates
 Condition of Diaphragm plates
 Condition of Casing / enclosure
 Condition of Insulation
 APH Performance Factors

 Gas side Efficiency

 Air side Efficiency

 APH Seal Leakage

 X-Ratio

 Air / Gas side DP

 Gas Side Efficiency
Ratio of Gas Temperature drop across the air heater,
corrected for no leakage, to the temperature head.

= (Temp drop / Temperature head) * 100

where Temp drop = Tgas in -Tgas out (no leakage)

Temp head = Tgasin - T air in
 Air Heater Leakage (%)

Weight of air passing from air side to gas side

This leakage is assumed to occur entirely between air

inlet and gas outlet

• Direct - Hot End / Cold End

(60% through radial seals + 30% through Circumferential bypass)

• Entrained Leakage
X – Ratio

Ratio of heat capacity of air passing through the air heater to

the heat capacity of flue gas passing through the air heater.

= Tgas in - Tgas out (no leakage)

Tair out - Tair in

Say AH leakage – 17.1%, Gas In Temp – 333.5 C, Gas Out Temp –

133.8 C , Air In Temp – 36.1 C, Air Out Temp – 288 C

X ratio = (333.5 – 150.5) / (288 –36.1) = 0.73

 Soot Blowers

 Soot blower travel to be set to ensure

full coverage of all the heating element

 Thermal drain at soot blowing steam

line.

 Operation at rated steam pressure and

temperature
THANK YOU
 Reasons for rotor stopping
 Foreign material jammed in between
rotor and sector plate

 Failure of Main drive

 Failure of Auxiliary drive

 Failure of service beam due to erosion