UNIVERSITY„OVIDIUS“ OF CONSTANTA

FARMACEUTICAL UNIVERSITY

ALOPECIA

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

STUDENT
PROF. COROBAN COSTEL TANASE STEFAN CORINA
PHARMACY ASSISTANT

YEAR II
CONSTANTA
2020
 CONTENTS
1. DEFINITION
2. CAUSES AND CLASSIFICATION
3. TYPES OF ALOPECIES
4. ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA - CHARACTERISTICS
5. ALOPECIA AREATA - CHARACTERISTICS
6. TELOGEN EFFLUVIUM - CHARACTERISTICS
7. CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
8. DIAGNOSTIC EXPLORATIONS
9. MEDICINAL AND SYSTEMIC TREATMENT
10. CONCLUSIONS
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
DEFINITION
ALOPECIA IS DEFINED AS BEING THE REDUCTION OF HAIR QUANTITY
AT THE LEVEL OF THE AREAS WHERE IT IS NORMALLY LOCATED.
► alopecia is defined as being the reduction of hair quantity

at the level of the areas where it is normally located.

► the term alopecia should be differentiated from atrophy, which means the congenital lack of hair
due to the lack of hair follicles, and that of hypotricosis, which refers to reducing the amount of hair
in congenital conditions.
CAUSES AND CLASSIFICATION

Temporary / reversible / non-

crippling alopecia are the result of
endogenous or exogenous
processes, with temporary action.

They can be:

• diffuse (androgenetic alopecia,
telogen effluvium, anagen
effluvium);
• circumscribed (alopecia areata,
traumatic, post-infectious, from
chronic dermatoses such as eczema
or psoriasis)
TYPES OF
ALOPECIES
►Androgenetic alopecia affects 50% of
men 50 years of age, 13% of pre-
menopausal women and 37% of
menopausal women.
►Alopecia areata: prevalence of 0.1%
among the population, twice as frequent in
women.
► Effluvium telogen: it is visible when the
amount of hair falling represents 20-25% of
the scalp hair.
ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA

Genetically determined hair loss, which occurs in most men and in some women, with the
withdrawal of the fronto-parietal edge of hair insertion.

It is characterized by:
⁃ onset at the fronto-temporal region or at the vertex level;
⁃ reducing the diameter of the hair (10 times);
⁃ progressive evolution, without being able to predict the pace of evolution.

• in men: family history of androgenetic alopecia in 1st or 2nd degree relatives;

• in women: possible association with menstrual disorders (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea)
and polycystic ovary, acne, hirsutism or virilization, a history of infertility.
AREA ALOPECIA
• It represents a focal hair loss, of unknown cause and with an unpredictable evolution.
• It can be associated with autoimmune diseases, with immunological disorders,
but also with the presence of factors indicating the autoimmunity of the disease.

It is characterized by:
• hair loss in well-defined round plates,
with radial extension, sometimes in circular form;
• pear "in exclamation mark" at the periphery of the alopecic plate;
• „cadaverized“ pear - a sign of evolution;
• eventually, pillar hyperkeratosis;
• skin glossy, elastic, then atrophic.
EFFLUVIUM TELOGEN
It represents a diffuse, temporary loss of hair, in which there is a shortening of the pillar cycle and
an increase in the proportion of telogen strands.

It is characterized by:
• reducing the density of hair at the level of the scalp, with diffuse character or, sometimes, especially at
the level of the parietal area.
• the occurrence of diffuse alopecia after the intervention of one of the following possible factors:
⁓ iron deficiency anemia;
⁓ Hyper- or hypothyroidism;
⁓ Inadequate diet;
⁓ Oral contraception or stopping it;
⁓ Accidental exposure to toxic substances.
 DIAGNOSTIC EXPLORATIONS
ANDROGENETIC AREA ALOPECIA EFFLUVIUM TELOGEN
ALOPECIA

• mandatory endocrinological • hormonal and immunological • haematological examination;

consultation for women and dosages to detect any thyroid • iron and steel industry;
optional for men; disease; • Magnesemia;
• hormonal dosages: free • autoimmune; • liver tests (optional);
• tests to detect an associated • kidney tests (optional);
testosterone, DHEA-S, prolactin, atopy; • thyroid tests (optional).
LH (optional, only in women); • eye exam.
• ovarian and adrenal gland
ultrasound (optional, only in
women);
• serum iron and, optionally,
ferritin;
• complete hemogram.
 TREATMENT
LOCAL TREATMENT SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT

Androgenetic alopecia • minoxidil 2% or 5% solution; • in men: finasteride 1 mg / day;

• combination of minoxidil and tretinoin. • in women: cyprotonone acetate,
spironolactone, flutamide, estrogens.

• local immunotherapy: DBEAS, DNCB; • general corticosteroid therapy for bone;

• corticotherapy: intralesional infiltration or topical • pulse cortisone therapy i.v .;
applications; • PUVA phototherapy with psoralens per
Alopecia areata • PUVA therapy with locally applied psoralen; bone;
• minoxidil; • cyclosporine A;
• liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. establishes • dapsona;
therapeutic behaviora • isoprinosin.

Effluvium telogen • products with zinc, biotin, cysteine,

essential fatty acids.
CONCLUSIONS
• The presence of alopecia creates aesthetic and
psychological problems.

• Unfortunately, there is no particular treatment to cure

alopecia. In many situations, the hair is regenerated,
and certain treatments help speed up this process.

• Corticosteroid injections, ointments or tablets,

minoxidil, antral or difenciprone solutions can help
accelerate capillary regeneration.

• Phototherapy can also help stimulate hair growth in

the affected areas.
 Bibliography

Ministerul Sănătăţii (www.ms.ro)

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hair-loss/symptoms-causes/syc
GHIDURI CLINICE Vol. 9, Nr. 1 (30), An 2016
 Thank you
for your attention!