CMR EXPLAINED

Please remember the following when discussing the new standard

Panel is not the only factor to judge motion

- 4 different factors
•Video Processing
•Backlight
•Panel
•Precision Dimming
CLEAR MOTION RATE EXPLAINED
 CLEAR MOTION RATE EXPLAINED
Use the below table to work out a TV ranges CMR which is made up of 4 key elements
1.Panel -Refresh Rate (Hz)
2.Video Processing -Video processing algorithm (Interpolation)
3.Backlight -Scanning
4.Precision -LED Precision dimming
LED/LCD Clear Motion Rate Table
 CLEAR MOTION RATE EXAMPLE
LCD 450 example

PAL – 50 fps (50Hz) signal

Panel - 50 fps
Video Processing - no video processing
Backlight - no backlight scanning
Precision - no precision dimming
CMR =50
50 x 1 =panel 50 fps
Motion Clarity Effect =50
 CLEAR MOTION RATE EXAMPLE
LCD 650 example

PAL – 50fps (50Hz) signal

Panel - 100 fps
Video Processing - 100 fps
Backlight - no backlight scanning
Precision - no precision dimming
CMR =200
50 x 4 =panel 100 fps + video processing 100 fps
Motion Clarity Effect =200
 CLEAR MOTION RATE EXAMPLE
LED 8000 example

PAL – 50fps (50Hz) signal

Panel - 200 fps
Video Processing - 200 fps
Backlight - 200 backlight scanning
Precision - 200 precision dimming
CMR =800
50 x 16 =panel 200 fps + video processing 200 fps + Backlight 200
fps + Precision Dimming 200 fps =
Motion Clarity Effect =800
 Backlight

Terminology

TCON
Timing Controller. Key element in the “make up” of LCD modules being essentially the “brains”
control center and the heart of the TFT LCD module.
FRC
Frame Rate Control cycles pixels on and off to simulate a given shade. These color simulation methods
are noticeable to many people and bothersome to some. FRC tends to be most noticeable in darker
tones, while dithering appears to make the individual pixels of the LCD visible.

LVDS
Low-Voltage Differential Signaling bus is used for sending serial data, clock and control signals at
very high speeds over inexpensive twisted-pair copper cables. It was introduced in 1994, and has
since become popular for very high-speed networks and buses in e.g. computers and TVs.
SPI
Serial Peripheral Interface bus is a synchronous serial data link standard named by Motorola that
operates in full duplex mode. Devices communicate in master/slave mode where the master device
initiates the data frame. Multiple slave devices are allowed. with individual slave select (chip select)
lines. Sometimes SPI is called a "four wire" serial bus, contrasting with three, two, and one wire
serial buses.
BLU
Back Light Unit. Lighting system that generates the light for the LCD module. Often made with
fluorescent tubes around or behind the panel. Recently also with white LEDs.
LUT
Look-Up Table.
 Backlight

Terminology
Vbr-A
Analog dimmer voltage that determines brightness. Not used with LEDs.
Range between 0V (dark) – 5.0 V (max brightness). Not used with LED
Vbr-B backlighting.
Burst dimmer voltage for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Range between 0V
(dark) – 3.3 V (max brightness)
LIPS
LIPS inverter is a Line Independent Power Supply with a Build-in Inverter. A
combination of a SMPS mains-to-DC converter plus an inverter to generate the
high voltage for CCFL tubes.
 Local Dimming

Power reduction

How to achieve same LCD screen brightness with less backlight power
(edge or direct backlight)

Backlight LCD L = LCD brightness on screen

Pixel

Conventional CCFL
Method: backlight L = 100% x (1- 0.75) = 25%
runs at
constant
high
brightness
100% Same screen brightness with
Shading Same screen brightness with
75% reduced
reducedlight
lightpower!
power!

Dimming & Pixel

Compensation: Runs at L = 25% x (1- 0) = 25%
dimmed
brightness
25%

Shading
0%
Deeper black levels while also keeping maximum brightness
Deeper black levels while also keeping maximum brightness
gives higher contrast ratio
gives higher contrast ratio
 LED array driver
DC-DC converter
+V in +V
o ► Voltage for driving LED string
ut
COMMON LED_n
Anode
► Three LED strings per driver

LED_n
► Brightness ↔ LED current
Cathode A

Current sinks A ► Requires precise current

regulation
► Input signal Vrb-b determines
LED_n
brightness
Cathode B

LED_n
Cathode C

Vrb-b dimming value

C
A B C
Current
control
 Direct backlight

Local Dimming System Diagram

LCD panel LCD panel

System Side
TCO
System Side

Video Signal
Scaler
TCO Video Signal NPixel compensation
LVDS
Scaler
FRC
LVDS
N
Local
FRC LVDS
(Frame rate Controller) (Frame rate Controller) Local
Dimming Dimming
Controller Controller
LED panel LED panel
[SPI Protocol] [SPI Protocol]

Global Dimming Signal LED Driver Global Dimming Signal LED Driver , HV9911
(Vbr-B, PWM) (Vbr-B, PWM)

Local backlight Dimming only Local backlight Dimming & Pixel Compensation

► Traditional situation: T-CON is fed straight forward by Frame Rate

Controller
► New: T-CON is fed by Local Dimming Controller because of pixel
compensation
 Direct backlight
Local Dimming Process details
Local Dimming Controller
RGB Video
Local Pixel LVDS
Backlight Local pixel Quad LVDS
Compensation
Estimation
Pixel Gain
Compensation
TCON

RGB Video Block LED lights Spatial Temporal Backlight

Backlight Analysis mapping Filter Filter Control
Local Dimming Quad LVDS
RGB Video FPGA
LVDS

Local Dimming value

Master & Slave SPI

Global Dimming LED Drivers

300 250

250
200

200
150

150

100

100

50
50

0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

IIR Filtering
250 250

200 200

150 150

100 100

50 50

0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

► Analysis of RGB data

► Calculation of average brightness per segment
► Filtering in space (neighbour cells) and in time
(frames)
► Gives smooth transitions in
brightness
 Direct backlight
Local dimming hardware example
Pin Symbo
Description Control Board
No l
1 VSYNC V-Sync T-Con
2 N.C. Reserved

3 N.C. Reserved

4 DIN SPI Data #1 51

5 N.C. Connect to GND through serial 0Ω resistor

6 DCLK SPI Clock LED Driver

8
7 N.C. Connect to GND through serial 0Ω resistor 8: GND 12V
8 GND Ground
MCU
6: DCLK Local
1
4: DIN
1: VSYNC Dimming
LED Driver
ASIC
IC
Block
Main Board

14
Power Supply Board
Ext VBR-B(PWM)
DCDC On/Off

Block 24V

1
 New Jig SW
winDDC_V2-47
DDC Manager V2.4

2010 Models C series

(USB type : MTI-2510 / parallel type : MTI-

2059)
 How to update software.

Main Firmware is upgradeable by USB only.

The Sub-micom upgrade is done using the DDC Manager Jig and the latest version of DDC
Manager, currently V2.40

EDID data is embedded in the firmware.

Model: MTI-2510
BN96-08216*
BN96-07926*
Alternative Part MTI-2059.