Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1V
R1 A
E1
- 2V
R3
3V
E2
+ Voutput
R4
Instrumentation Amplifier
E1
+ R4 R5
E1 -
R2 -
Vinput R1
R3
+ Voutpt
R6 R7
E2
- R 2 R3; R 4 R6; R5 R 7
Voutput 2 R 2 R5
+ 1
E2 Vinput R1 R 4
• Give you high gain and high-input impedance.
• Composed of 2 amplifiers in noninverting format and a 3rd amplifier as a differential amplifier
Derivation of Gain for Instrumentation
Amplifier step 1
E1
I1 R1 I1 I 2
R3 E3 E1 E 2 E 2 E 3
I2 R1 R3
E2 R3E1 R3E 2 R1E 2 R1E 3
- R1E 3 R1E 2 R3E1 R3E 2
R3 R3
+ E3 E 2 E1 E2
E2 R1 R1
R 3 R3
E 3 E 2 1 E1
R1 R1
E1 R1 E2 R3 E3
I1 I2
Derivation of Gain for Instrumentation
Amplifier step 2
E1
+ E4 I1 I 2
E 2 E1 E1 E 4
E1 -
R1 R2
R2
R 2 E 2 R 2 E1 R1E1 R1E 4
I2 R1E 4 R1E1 R 2 E 2 R 2 E1
I1 R1
R2 R2
E2 E 4 E1 E 2 E1
R1 R1
R2 R2
E2 R1 E1 R2 E 4 E11 E 2
E4 R1 R1
I1 I2
Derivation of Gain for Instrumentation
Amplifier step 3
R4 R5
E4 E4 A E 4 A A Voutput
I4
I5 R4 R4 R5
I4
- I5
A Voutput E 4 R5 AR5 AR 4 Voutput R 4
R5 E 4 R5 Voutput R 4 AR5 AR 4
+ E3 A E3 A E3 A A 0
I6
I7 Voutput I6
E3 R6 R4 R4 R5
A0 A0 E 3R5 AR5 AR 4
R6 R7 I7
Book Assumes R4 =R6 and R5=R7
R7 R5 E 3R5 AR5 AR 4
I4 I5 E 3R5 E 4 R5 Voutput R 4
E4 R4 A R5
Voutput I6 I7
I4 I5 R5( E 3 E 4) Voutput R 4
R5
Voutput E 3 E 4
E3 R6 A R7 0 R4
I6 I7
Derivation of Gain for Instrumentation
Amplifier step 4
R2 R2
E 4 E11 E 2 Step1
R1 R1
R 3 R3
E 3 E 2 1 E1 Step2
R1 R1
R5
Voutput E 3 E 4 Step3
R4
R2 R2
E 3 E 2 1 E1 Book Assumes R3 =R2
R1 R1
R 2 R2 R2 R 2 R5
Voutput E 2 1 E1 E11 E 2
R1 R1 R1 R 1 R 4
R2 R2 R2 R 2 R5
Voutput E 2 1 E1 1
R1 R1 R1 R 1 R 4
2 R 2 R5
Voutput E 2 E1 1
R 1 R 4
Example of Instrumentation
Amplifier
• Find the gain of the previous
instrumentation amplifier if R2 = 10K;
R1=500; R4 = 10K ; R5 = 100K
2 R 2 R5
Voutput E 2 E1 1
R1 R 4
Voutput 2 * 10 K 100K
1 410
E 2 E1 0.5K 10 K
Problem 1
• Design a differential amplifier where the
feedback resistors are equal and the input
resistors are equal. The gain should be
equal to 10. One input voltage is 1 V and
the second input voltage is 2 V. What is
the output voltage?
• If the input resistance is 4 K what is the
feedback resistance?
Solution 1
Vout Vout
10
V 2 V1 2V 1V
Vout 10 * (2V 1V ) 10V
Vout R f Rf
10
Vin Rin 4 K
R f 10 * 4 K 40 K
Problem 2
• An instrumentation amplifier has a gain of
20. Using the schematic discussed earlier
in the lecture, R5 = R7; R4=R6; R2 = R3.
• If R5 = 10K and R4 = 1K. The current
across R2 is 4 mA and Vinput1 is 1V. Vout1 =
-2V.
– Draw Schematic
– Find R2 & R1.
E1
+
Solution 2 R5
Vout1 R4
E1 -
Vin1
R2 -
IR2
Vinput R1
R3
+ Voutpt
R6 R7
E2
-
E2 +
1 t
Voutput
RC 0
Vinput dt Vic
1
1
Voutput 6
10 * 2 *10 F 07 (0.5)dt 0
R Cf Voutput
Vinput 0 1
Voutput 0.05 2.5V
0.2
IR IC
Example of a Low pass Filter
C
Voutput ( j ) 0
Ic
R 1
j C
A
- 0 Vinput ( j )
Vinput
IR
R
+ Voutput
Ic I R
Voutput ( j ) 0 0 Vinput ( j )
1 R
j C
jC Vinput j
Voutput j
1 R
Voutput ( j ) 1
R Cf Voutput
Vinput 0 Vinput ( j ) RjC
t
1
IR IC Voutput (t )
RC 0
Vinput (t )dt Vic
Low Pass Active Filters = Integrator
Cf Attenuates High frequency where
cutoff frequency is =RfCf
Voutput 0
Rf Icf
1
j C
Voutput 0
Ri IRf
A
- Rf
0 Vinput
Ii
Vinput Ri
+ Voutput Icf IRf Ii
Voutput 0 Voutput 0 0 Vinput
1 Rf Ri
jC
Cf jC 1 jCRf 1 Vinput
Voutput Voutput
1 Rf Rf Ri
ICf
Ri Rf Voutput Voutput 1 Rf
Vinput 0
Vinput Ri jCRf 1
Ii IRf
High Pass Active Filters=Differentiator
Rf
Voutput = differentiator output voltage (v)
Vinput = input potential in volts (v)
Ci Rf = feedback resistor ohms ()
A
- Ci = input capacitance farads (F)
Find the output voltage produced by an op-
Vinput amp differentiator when Rf = 100K and C
+ Voutput
=0.5F and Vin is a constant slope of 400
V/s.
d (Vinput )
Voutput RfCi
dt
Voutput 10 5 5 * 10 7 F 400V
S
Cf Rf Voutput
Vinput 0 Voutput 20V
Ii IRf
High Pass Active Filters
Rf Voutput j 0
I Rf
Rf
Ci 0 Vinput j
Ii
A
- 1
jC
Vinput I Rf Ii
+ Voutput
Voutput j 0 0 Vinput j
Rf 1
jC
Voutput j Rf
RfjC
Vinput j 1
Cf Voutput jC
Vinput 0 Rf
Ii IRf
High Pass Active Filters
Attenuates High frequency where
cutoff frequency is 1/(2)
=1/ 2RiCi
Rf Voutput 0
IR f
Rf
Ci Ri 0 Vinput
A
- Ii
Ri
1
Vinput jC
+ Voutput
I Rf Ii
Voutput 0 0 Vinput
Rf 1
Ri
jC
Voutput Rf
Cf Ri Voutput
Vinput 0 Rf Vinput 1
Ri
jC
Ii IRf
Band Pass Active Filters
Cf Voutput 0 Attenuates High frequency
I cf
1 and low frequencies
jCf
where cutoff frequency
Rf Voutput 0 is =RfCf
I Rf
Rf
Ci Ri 0 Vinput
Ii
A
- Ri
1
jCi
Vinput I cf I Rf Ii
+ Voutput
Voutput 0 Voutput 0 0 Vinput
1 Rf 1
jCf Ri
jCi
Cf jCf 1 jCfRf 1
Voutput Voutput
1 Rf Rf
ICf
Ri Vinput Vinput Vinput jCi
Vinput Ci Rf Voutput
0
1 RijCi 1 RijCi 1
Ri
jCi jCi
Ii IRf Voutput jCi Rf
Vinput RijCi 1 jCfRf 1