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Day 3
ASHRAM
P HYSICS Online Session
ASHRAM
Online Session
Effects of Heat
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When you heat something, or supply heat to it then its temperature rises.
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When you cool something, its temperature falls. Cooling something is the
same as taking away heat from it.
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Online Session
Temperature
All substances, whether solid, liquid or gaseous, expand when they are
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heated and contract when they are cooled. However, the extent to which
they expand is different.
Heat gives the particles of a substance more energy, which enables them
to move faster and away from one another. The particles thus take more
space and increase the volume of the substance.This is called thermal
expansion.
Expansion is the greatest in gases, less in liquids, and the least in solid.
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Online Session
Examples of expansion
• You might have seen gaps in rail tracks where two sections are joined.
This is done to accommodate the expansion of metal tracks during
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summer.
• When you pour hot tea in a thick glass tumbler, it breaks. This is
because the hot liquid expands the inner surface of the glass tumbler.
The outer surface of the tumbler does not expand much, resulting in a
crack.
• When the lid of a bottle is closed tightly, you put it in warm water. The
lid expands on coming in contact with the hot water and opens easily.
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• When you heat a solid, it melts. And when you heat a liquid, it ultimately
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boils and changes into vapour. Conversely, when you cool a vapour, it
changes into a liquid. And when you cool a liquid, it changes into a solid.
Temperature of steam
increases