1861 LIFE OF RIZAL

EDUCATIONAL
FAMILY BACKG HISTORY EARLY CHILD BACKGROUND
ROUND HOOD

WRITINGS PERSONAL EXECUTION

TRAVEL EXPERIENCE & DEATH
 Family Background
of Rizal
RIZAL’S PARENTS
 Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
-born in Binan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
-a hardy and independent-minded man,
who talked less and worked more, and
was strong in body and valiant in spirit
-Rizal affectionately called him “a model
of fathers”
 Dona Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-
1911)
-born in Manila on November 8, 1826
-a remarkable woman, possessing refined
culture, literary talent, business ability,
and the fortitude of Spartan women
-is a woman of more than ordinary
culture: she knows literature and speaks
Spanish (according to Rizal)
THE RIZAL
CHILDREN
-Eleven children—two boys and
nine girls
1. Saturnina (1850-1913)
-oldest of the Rizal children
2. Paciano (1851-1930)
-older brother and confident of
Jose Rizal
3. Narcisa (1852-1939)
-her pet name was Sisa
4. Olimpia (1855-1887)
-Ypia was her pet name
5. Lucia (1857-1919)
-Herbosa died of cholera in 1889
and was denied Christian burial
because he was a brother-in-law
of Dr. Rizal
-Biang was her nickname
7. Jose (1861-1896)
-the greatest Filipino hero and
peerless genius
-nickname was Pepe
8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
-her pet name was Concha
9. Josefa (1865-1945)
-her pet name was Panggoy
10. Trinidad (1868-1951)
-Trining was her pet name
11. Soledad (1870-1929)
-youngest of the Rizal children
 DR. JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO
RIZAL ALONZO y
H REALONDA
I MEANINGS OF NAME
DOCTOR- completed his medical course in
S
Spain and was conferred the degree of
Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad
Central de Madrid
T
JOSE- was chosen by his mother who was a
devotee of the Christian saint San
Jose (St. Joseph)
O
PROTACIO- from Gervacio P. which come
from a Christian calendar
R
MERCADO- adopted in 1731 by Domigo
Lamco (the paternal great-greatgrandfather
of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term
mercado means ‘market’ in English
Y RIZAL- from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish
means a field where wheat, cut while still
green, sprouts again
ALONZO- old surname of his mother
Y- and
REALONDA- it was used by Dona Teodora
from the surname of her godmother
based on the culture by that time
DATE OF BIRTH
June 19, 1861- moonlit of Wednesday
between eleven and midnight Jose Rizal was
born in the lakeshore town of
Calamba, Laguna
THE RIZAL HOME
-was one of the distinguished stone houses in
Calamba during the Spanish times
-it was a two-storey building, rectangular in
shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods
and roofed with red tiles
-by day, it hummed with the noises of children
at play and the songs of the birds in the garden;
by night, it echoed with
the dulcet notes of family prayers
· The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a
town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines
· The Rizal family had a simple, contented and
happy life
CHILDHOOD YEARS IN
CALAMBA
-Calamba was named after a big native jar
-Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to
the Dominican Order, which also owned all the
lands around it
· The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his
happy days in the family garden when he was three
years old
· Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus
prayer. By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother
gathered
all the children at the house to pray the Angelus
· Another memory of Rizal’s infancy was the
nocturnal walk in the town, especially when there
was a moon
· The death of little Concha brought Rizal his first
sorrow
· At the age of three, Rizal began to take a part in
the family prayers
· When Rizal was five years old, he was able to
read haltingly the Spanish family bible
 Educational
EARLY EDUCATION IN
CALAMBA AND BINAN
Background LIFE AND STUDIES IN ATENEO
- Ateneo De Municipal established by the Jesuits
· The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who
- Rizal entered in 1872
was remarkable woman of good character and
- He belonged to the class composed of Spaniards,
fine culture
mestizos and Filipinos
—her mother
- His teacher was Fr. Jose Bech
· Maestro Celestino- Rizal’s first private tutor
- He was considered as an inferior and was placed at
· Maestro Lucas Padua- Rizal’s second tutor
the buttom of the class
· Leon Monroy- a former classmate of Rizal’s
- By the end of the month he became the emperor and
father became Rizal’s tutor that instructed Jose
received a prize, a religious picture
in Spanish
- To improve his Spanish Rizal took private lessons in
and Latin. He died five months later
Santa Isabel College
· Sunday afternoon in June, 1869- Rizal left
- During his 4th year in Ateneo he received 5 medals
Calamba for Binan accompanied by Paciano
and graduated as sobresaliente
· Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz- Rizal’s
- He graduated on March 23, 1877(16 years old)
teacher in a private school in Binan
- Received the degree of bachelor of arts, with highest
-Rizal described his teacher as follows: He was
honors not a valedictiorian
thin, long-necked, with a sharp nose and a body
slightly bent
forward
MEDICAL STUDIES IN
UNIVERSITY OF STO.
EXTRA CURRICULAR THOMAS (1877-1882)
INVOLVEMENT - After graduating , he continued his education
at UST
- an emperor inside the classroom
- He finished a year in Philosophy and Letters
- campus leader
- active member and became a secretary, the Marian - He decided to shift to a medical course
- UST was under the Dominicans , rival of the
Congregation Religious Society
Jesuits in education
- member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and
- Remained loyal to Ateneo participated in
the Academy of Natural Sciences
extracurricular activities in Ateneo and
- poet
completed a course in surveying
- studied painting under the famous Spanish Painter,
- As a Thomasian he won more literary laurels
Agustin Saez
- improved his sculpture talents under the - During his first term in 1877-1878 in UST, he
supervision of Romualdo de Jesus studied Cosmology, Metaphysics , Theodicy
- engaged in gymnastics and fencing and continued and History of Philosophy.
the physical training under his sports-minded Tio - It was during the school term 1878-1879 that
Rizal pursued his studies in medicine
Manuel.

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 Writings
Rizal's most famous novel, Noli Me Tangere,
drew attention to the unjust Spanish rule in the
Philippines after its 1887 publication. It is still widely
read all over the world today, as is the novel's sequel,
El Filibusterismo (1891). Both books were originally
written in Spanish, but are more frequently published
in Tagalog and English.
NOLI ME TANGERE (Touch Me Not)
- is an 1887 novel by José Rizal, one of the national
heroes of the Philippines during the colonization
of the country by Spain, to describe perceived
inequities of the Spanish Catholic friars and the
ruling government.
EL FILIBUSTERESMO (The Reign of Greed)
- the Subversive or Subversion, as in the Locsín
English translation, are also possible translations,
also known by its English alternative title The
Reign of Greed, is the second novel written by
Philippine national hero José Rizal.
To The Philippines (A las Filipinas)
Water and Fire (Aqua y Fiego)Saint Eustache,
Martyr (San Eustaquio, Martir)
By the Banks of the Pasig River (A Orillas del
Pasig)
Along the Pasig ( Junto al Pasig )
Kundiman (Canto)
Memorable and Political Writings
Annotations to Morga's 1609 Philippine History
To Barrantes regarding the Tagalog theatre
To Barrantes regarding the Noli
The turkey that caused the Kalamba land trouble
The Spanish schools of my boyhood
The Religiosity of the Filipino
To the Young Women of Malolos

Other works:
Poems
To Josephine (A Josefina)
To Miss C.O. y R. (A Senorita C.O. y R.)
To My (A Mi)

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 Travel
RIZAL'S FIRST TRIP ABROAD
3 May 1882
Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain. He
boarded the Salvadora using a passport of Jose
Mercado, which was procured for him by his uncle
Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera. He was
accompanied to the quay where the Salvadora was
moored by his uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella, and
Mateo Evangelista.
17 May 1882
Rizal arrived at Punta de Gales.
18 May 1882
At 7:30 a.m., he left Punta de Gales for Colombo. In
the afternoon, Rizal arrived at Colombo and in the
evening the trip was resumed.
26 May 1882
Rizal was nearing the African coast
27 May 1882
He landed at Aden at about 8:30 a.m. He made
observation at the time.
2 June 1882
He arrived at the Suez Canal en route to Marseilles.
6 June 1882
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It was the fourth day at Suez Canal and was still
quarantined on board of the boat.
7 June 1882
Rizal arrived at Port Said. In a letter to his parents,
He described his trip en route to Aden along the
Suez Canal.
11 June 1882
Rizal disembarked and, accompanied by a guide,
went around the City of Naples for one hour. This
was the first European ground he set foot on.
12 June 1882
At ten o’clock in the evening, the boat anchored at
Marseilles. He sleptn board.
13 June 1882
Early on the morning he landed at Marseilles and
boarded at the Noalles Hotel. Later he around for
observation.
14 June 1882
His second in Marseilles.
15 June 1882
He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express train.
6
 Personal Life
1. JULIA - met at a river in Dampalit, Los Baños,
Laguna; first woman to catch Rizal's eyes.
2. 12 Women
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK - At 16, first love of Jose
Rizal from Lipa,
3. MISS L - From Pakil, Laguna; after several visits,
Jose Rizal stopped pursuing her because of
Segunda's sweet memories and his father was
against her family.
4. LEONOR VALENZUELA -  aka Orang. Jose Rizal
sent love letters in invisible ink made from a
mixture of water and table salt that can be read 4. SUZANNE JACOBY (some sources: SUSANNE
by heating over a lamp or a candle to allow the
words to surface;
5. LEONOR RIVERA - aka Taimis. longest love for 11 5. PASTORA NECESARIO CARREON - aka Inday
years although others say 8;
6. CONSUELO ORTIGA Y REY (some sources: Y
PEREZ) - daughter of former Civil Governor (City
Mayor) of Manila, Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey;
7. O-SEI SAN KIYO - aka Seiko Usui. a Japanese
samurai’s daughter; Jose Rizal was her first
love; taught Jose Rizal the Japanese art of
painting "Su-mie";
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1. GERTRUDE BECKETT - he gave her a carving
which he made in memory of their short
In Rizal's Life Before
relationship.
Bracken
2. ADELINA BOUSTEAD - As a guest in Villa Eliada,
winter residence of Boustead family in Biarritz
in 1891; sister of Nellie Boustead, daughter of
Mr. Eduardo Boustead in Biarritz.
3. NELLIE (some sources: NELLY) BOUSTEAD - 
Rizal's marriage proposal failed because he did
not want to convert to Protestantism
JACOBE) -; fell in love with Rizal and wept when
he left for Madrid in July 1890.
Torak. At Dapitan City, Zamboanga del Norte
where Jose Rizal was exiled.
After these 12 women, JOSEPHINE
LEOPOLDINE BRACKEN - last love of Jose Rizal;
adopted daughter of George Taufer from
HongKong, married to Jose Rizal (disputed by most
historians).  Lived together and in early 1896 they
were expecting a baby.  Unfortunately, Josephine
had to go into premature labor after Rizal played a
prank and frightened her. (?) A little boy of eight
months was born, who lived for only three hours.
Rizal named him Francisco in honor of his father,
and buried the child in Dapitan.
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 EXECUTION
AND DEATH
The Trial and Martyrdom of Rizal
• November 3, 1896- Rizal arrived in Manila with the steamer
Colon.
• Rizal was brought to Fort Santiago pending the persecution of
his case.
• The Spanish authorities were very much preoccupied with the
gathering and fabrication of evidences to be used against him.
The Arraignment of Rizal
•On December 8, 1896, Rizal was informed that his
arraignment was set on December 11,1896.
•Rizal pleaded not guilty to the crime charges against him.
The Trial of Rizal
• Trial commenced on December 19, 1896 for prosecution.
• Taviel de Andrade defended Rizal by saying that the alleged
accusations were biased.
• Rizal was found guilty beyond reasonable doubt and to be
condemned to death by a firing squad.
Rizal’s Trial and His Alleged Guilt
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 Rizal was a civilian but was tried by a military tribunal
 Rizal was already condemned guilty even before the trial
 All allegations against Rizal were accepted by the court but
not the arguments and evidence in his favor
 Rizal was not allowed to confront witness against him nor his
counsel to cross-examine them
 Evidence to convict Rizal didn’t have any bearing on his
alleged commission of the complex crime of rebellion
Rizal’s Last day
 Rizal spent his last 24 hours in his death cell where he
received members of his family and writes his letter of
farewell, the first one to his "second brother Ferdinand
Blumentritt. He gave his sister, Trinidad, an old petroleum
lamp and whispered to her in English that there is something
inside the lamp. Thus is Rizals famous farewell poem “Mi
Ultimo Adios", (Last Farewell) was found.
 Rizal said to have married his Irish girlfriend Josephine
Bracken according to catholic rites in the very last hours of
his life.
The Execution of Dr. Jose Rizal
 A few minutes before seven on the morning of December
30, Dr. Jose Rizal walked from Fort Santiago to
Bagumbayan Field (now the Luneta). His arms were tied
behind his back. “His head was erect, his conscience was
clear, and there was a smile on his lips.” Beside him walked
Lt. Luis de Andrade, who had defended him in the trial,
Fathers Vilaclara and March. Before and behind him were
soldiers.
• Rizal was secretly buried in Paco Cemetery in Manila with no
identification on his grave. His sister Narcisa toured all possible
gravesites and found freshly turned earth at the cemetery with
guards posted at the gate. Assuming this could be the most
likely spot, there never having any ground burials, she made a
gift to the caretaker to mark the site "RPJ", Rizals initials in
reverse.
8

Childhood Of
Rizal
In Calamba, Laguna
 
19 June 1861
JOSE RIZAL, the seventh
child of Francisco Mercado
Rizal and Teodora Alonso y
Quintos, was born in
Calamba, Laguna.
 
22 June 1861
He was baptized JOSE
RIZAL MERCADO at the
Catholic of Calamba by the
parish priest Rev. Rufino
Collantes with Rev. Pedro
Casañas as the sponsor.
 
28 September 1862
The parochial church of
Calamba and the canonical
books, including the book in
which Rizal’s baptismal
records were entered, were
burned.
 
1864
Early
Barely three years old, Rizal
learned the alphabet from
his mother.
  6 June 1868
1865 With his father, Rizal made
When he was four years a pilgrimage to Antipolo to
old, fulfill the vow made by his
his sister Conception, the mother to take the child to
eight child in the Rizal the Shrine of the Virgin of
family, died at the age of Antipolo should she and her
three. It was on this child survive the ordeal of
occasion that Rizal delivery which nearly
remembered having shed caused his mother’s life.
real tears for the first time.  
  From there they proceeded
1865 – 1867 to Manila and visited his
During this time his mother sister Saturnina who was at
taught him how to read and the time studying in the La
write. His father hired a Concordia College in Sta.
classmate by the name of Ana.
Leon Monroy who, for five  
months until his (Monroy) 1869
death, taught Rizal the At the age of eight, Rizal
rudiments of Latin. wrote his first poem entitled
  "Sa Aking Mga Kabata."
At about this time two of his The poem was written in
mother’s cousin frequented tagalog and had for its
Calamba. Uncle Manuel theme "Love of One’s
Alberto, seeing Rizal frail in Language."
body, concerned himself
with the physical
development of his young
nephew and taught the
latter love for the open air
and developed in him a
great admiration for the
beauty of nature, while
Uncle Gregorio, a scholar,
instilled into the mind of the
boy love for education. He
advised Rizal: "Work hard
and perform every task very