E C A V I TE MUTI N Y O F 1 8 7 2

TH
CHAPTER 8
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1872
• ANG PAG AAKLAS SA KABITE SA PAMUMUNO NI SARHENTO LA MADRID
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KARL MARX

“ HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF, FIRST AS TRAGEDY, SECOND AS FARCE.”

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THE TWO FACES OF THE 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

( CHRIS ANTONETTE PIEDAD-PUGAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 2012 )

• JUNE 12, 1898 – PHILIPPINES’ INDEPENDENCE DAY

TWO MAJOR EVENTS HAPPENED IN 1872

• CAVITE MUTINY (1872)

• THE MARTYRDOM OF THE THREE MARTYR PRIESTS IN THE PERSONS OF FATHERS MARIANO GOMEZ, JOSE
BURGOS, AND JACINTO ZAMORA ( GOMBURZA ) .
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SPANISH VERSION: PLANNED CONSPIRACY

• JOSE MONTERO Y VIDAL – A PROLIFIC SPANISH HISTORIAN DOCUMENTED THE EVENT AND HIGHLIGHTED IT
AS AN ATTEMPT OF THE INDIOS TO OVERTHROW THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES.

• GOV. GEN. RAFAEL IZQUIERDOS - OFFICIAL REPORT MAGNIFIED THE EVENT AND MADE USE OF IT TO
IMPLICATE THE NATIVE CLERGY, WHICH WAS THEN ACTIVE IN THE CALL FOR SECULARIZATION
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SPANISH VERSION: PLANNED CONSPIRACY

• MONTERO AND IZQUIERDO – SCORED OUT THAT THE ABOLITION OF PRIVILEGES ENJOYED BY THE WORKERS
OF CAVITE ARSENAL SUCH AS NON – PAYMENT OF TRIBUTES AND EXEMPTION FROM FORCE LABOR WERE THE
MAIN REASONS OF THE “REVOLUTION” .

• SPANISH REVOLUTION – WHICH OVERTHREW THE SECULAR THRONE, DIRTY PROPAGANDAS PROLIFERATED
BY UNRESTRAINED PRESS , DEMOCRATIC, LIBERAL AND REPUBLICAN BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS REACHING
THE PHILIPPINES.

• IZQUIERDOS – BLAMED THE UNRULY SPANISH PRESS FOR “STOCKPILING” MALICIOUS PROPAGANDAS
GRASPED BY THE FILIPINOS. HE REPORTED THE KING OF SPAIN THAT THE “REBELS” WANTED TO OVERTHROW
THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT TO INSTALL A NEW “HARI” IN THE LIKES OF FATHER BURGOS AND ZAMORA
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SPANISH VERSION: PLANNED CONSPIRACY

• MONTERO AND IZQUIERDO – DEEMED THAT THE EVENT OF 1872 WAS PLANNED EARLIER AND WAS
THOUGHT OF IT AS A BIG CONSPIRACY AMONG EDUCATED LEADERS, MESTIZOS, ABOGADILLOS OR NATIVE
LAWYERS, RESIDENTS OF MANILA AND CAVITE AND THE NATIVE CLERGY.

• JANUARY 20, 1872 - THE DISTRICT OF SAMPALOC CELEBRATED THE FEAST OF THE VIRGIN OF LORETO.
- ALLEGEDLY, THOSE IN CAVITE MISTOOK THE FIRWORKS AS THE SIGN FOR THE ATTACK
- THE 200 MEN CONTINGENT HEADED BY SERGEANT LAMADRID LAUNCHED AN ATTACK TARGETING
SPANISH OFFICER AT SIGHT AND SEIZED THE ARSENAL.
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SPANISH VERSION: PLANNED CONSPIRACY

• PATRIOTS LIKE JOAQUIN PARDO DE TAVERA, ANTONIO MA. REGIDOR, JOSE AND PIO BASA AND OTHER
ABOGADILLOS WERE SUSPENDED BY THE AUDENCIA (HIGH COURT) FROM THE PRACTICE OF LAW
ARRESTED AND WERE SENTENCED WITH LIFE IMPRISONMENT AT THE MARIANAS ISLAND.

• FEBRUARY 17, 1872 – THE GOMBURZA WAS EXECUTED.

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FILIPINO VERSION: A RESPONSE TO INJUTICE

• DR. TRIMIDAD HERMENIGILDO PARDO DE TAVERA – A FILIPINO SCHOLAR AND RESEARCHER, WROTE THE
FILIPINO VERSION OF THE BLOODY INCIDENT IN CAVITE.

• THE INCIDENT WAS A MERE MUTINY BY THE NATIVE FILIPINO SOLDIERS AND LABORERS OF THE CAVITE
ARSENAL WHO TURNED OUT TO BE DISSATISFIED WITH THE ABOLITION OF THEIR PRIVILEGES.

• TAVERA BELIEVED THAT THE SPANISH FRIARS AND IQUIERDO USED THE CAVITE MUTINY AS A POWERFUL
LEVER BY MAGNIFYING IT AS A FULL-BLOWN CONSPIRACY INVOLVING NOT ONLY THE NATIVE ARMY BUT
ALSO INCLUDED RESIDENTS OF CAVITE AND MANILA, AND MORE IMPORTANTLY THE NATIVE CLERGY TO
OVERTHROW THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES.
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FILIPINO VERSION: A RESPONSE TO INJUTICE

• JANUARY 20 1872 - ABOUT 200 MEN COMPRISED OF SOLDIERS, LABORERS OF THE ARSENAL, AND
RESIDENTS OF CAVITE HEADED BY SERGEANT LAMADRID ROSE IN ARMS AND ASSASSINATED THE
COMMANDING OFFICER AND SPANISH OFFICERS IN SIGHT.

• CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OF SPAIN – WELCOMED AN EDUCATIONAL DECREE AUTHORED BY SEGISMUNDO

MORET PROMOTED THE FUSION OF SECTARIAN SCHOOLS RUN BY THE FRIARS INTO A SCHOOL CALLED
PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE.

• THE DECREE PROPOSED TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES BY REQUIRING
TEACHING POSITION IN SUCH SCHOOLS TO BE FILLED BY COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS.
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FILIPINO VERSION: A RESPONSE TO INJUTICE

• CONVICTED EDUCATED MEN WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE MUTINY WERE SENTENCED LIFE IMPRISONMENT
WHILE MEMBERS OF THE NATIVE CLERGY HEADED BY THE GOMBURZA WERE TRIED AND EXECUTED BY
GARROTE.

• THE AWAKENING OF NATIONALISM AND EVENTUALLY TO THE OUTBREAK OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION OF

1896

• EDMOND PLAUCHUT’S – FRENCH WRITER. CONFIRMED THAT THE EVENT HAPPENED DUE TO
DISCONTENTMENT OF THE ARSENAL WORKERS AND SOLDIERS IN CAVITE FORT. DWELT MORE ON THE
THREE MARTYR PRIESTS WHICH HE ACTUALLY WITNESSED.
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UNVARYING TRUTH
• FIRST, THERE WAS DISSATISFACTION AMONG THE WORKERS OF THE ARSENAL AS WELL AS THE
MEMBERS OF THE NATIVE ARMY AFTER THEIR PRIVILEGES WERE DRAWN BACK BY GEN. IZQUIERDO

• SECOND, GEN. IZQUIERDO INTRODUCED RIGID AND STRICT POLICIES THAT MADE FILIPINOS MOVE AND
TURN AWAY FROM SPANISH GOVERNMENT OUT OF DISGUST.

• THIRD, THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FAILED TO CONDUCT AN INVESTIGATION ON WHAT TRULY

TRANSPIRED BUT RELIED ON REPORTS OF IZQUIERDO AND THE FRIARS AND THE OPINION OF THE PUBLIC.
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UNVARYING TRUTH
• FOURTH, THE HAPPY DAYS OF THE FRIARS WERE ALREADY NUMBERED IN 1872 WHEN THE CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT IN SPAIN DECIDED TO DEPRIVE THEM OF THE POWER TO INTERVENE IN THE GOVERNMENT
AFFAIRS AS WELL AS IN THE DIRECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SCHOOLS PROMPTING THEM TO
COMMIT FRANTIC MOVES TO EXTEND THEIR STAY POWER.

• FIFTH, THE FILIPINO CLERGY MEMBERS ACTIVELY PARTICIPATED IN THE SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT IN
ORDER TO ALLOW FILIPINO PRIESTS TO TAKE HOLD OF THE PARISHES IN THE COUNTRY MAKING THEM
PREY TO THE RAGE OF THE FRIARS.
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UNVARYING TRUTH

• SIXTH, FILIPINOS DURING THE TIME WERE ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS, AND RESPONDED TO WHAT THEY
DEEMED AS INJUSTICES.

• LASTLY, THE EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA WAS A BLUNDER ON THE PART OF THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT,
FOR THE ACTION SEVERED THE ILL FEELINGS OF THE FILIPINOS AND THE EVENT INSPIRED FILIPINO
PATRIOTS TO CALL FOR REFORMS AND EVENTUALLY INDEPENDENCE.
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