SPECIAL MOTORS

What is a Special Motor?

• It is a classification of motors which are more efficient and

is constructed differently than most normal motors.
• Special motors are low-cost and high-efficient which can
be used in large variety of applications.
Where is a Special Motor used?
• Specials motors are used in almost every process, they
are mainly used in water pumps, kitchen appliances, fans
and air conditioners, automobiles and common industrial
machinery like boiler pumps and compressors.
• Special motors are efficient and flexible, which allows
them to match the load demand for almost any type of
electrical application.
 TYPES OF SPECIAL MOTORS
• AC Series motors
• Universal motor
• Stepper motor
• Shaded pole motor
AC SERIES MOTOR
• A series ac motor is the same electrically as a dc series motor but
construction differs slightly.
• Special metals, laminations, and windings are used which reduce
losses caused by eddy currents, hysteresis, and high reactance.
• Dc power can be used to drive an ac series motor efficiently, but
the opposite is not true.
• The characteristics of a series ac motor are similar to those of a
series dc motor.
• It is a varying-speed machine. It has low speeds for large loads
and high speeds for light loads
SPEED-TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AC AND DC
SERIES MOTORS
UNIVERSAL MOTOR
• Motor that can be used with a
single_x0002_phase ac
source as well as a dc source
of supply voltages are called
universal motor.
• The stator and rotor windings
of the motor are connected in
series through the rotor
commutator.
• The universal motor is also
known as an AC series motor
or an AC commutator motor.
• Series-connected
-Rotor and Stator are connected in series.
• Operates on either AC or DC.
STEPPER MOTORS
• A special type of synchronous motor which is designed to rotate a
specific number of degrees for every electric pulse received by its
control unit.
• A motor that an rotate in both directions, sustain a holding torque
at zero speed, and be controlled with digital circuits.
• It moves in accurate in angular increments known as steps, in
response to the application of digital pulses to the electric drive
circuit.
• Step motors are either bipolar, requiring two power sources or uni
polar requiring only one power source
Types of Stepper Motor
• Permanent Magnet Motor
• Variable Reluctance Motor
• Hybrid Motor
Permanent Magnet Motor

• A permanent magnet motor is

a type of brushlesss electric
motor that uses permanent
magnet rather than winding in
the field
• They are more efficient than
induction motor or motors with
field windings for certain high-
efficiency application such as
electric vehicles.
Variable Reluctance Motor
• Does not use permanent magnets,so the field strength
can be varied
• The amount of torque for thus type of motor is still small,
so it is generally used for small positioning tables and
other small positioning loads
• Since this type of motor does not have permanent
magnets , it cannot use the same type of stepper
controller as other types of stepper motors
Hybrid Motors
• The hybrid stepper motor is the most widely used and
combines the principles of the permanent magnet and the
variable reluctance motors
• Mot hybrid stepper motors have two phases and operate
on the principle used to explai the 12-step motor
previously
Shaded Pole Motor
• the shaded pole motor is provided with a remain winding
connected to the single-phase electric supply.
• it has permanently short-circuited winding located ahead
of the main winding int the direction of rotation
• the shading coil delays the establishment of magnetic flux
in the region that it encircles and thus produces a small
component of rotating field at standstill
• the starting torque is small, typically only 30 to 50 percent
of the rated torque