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GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE

COURSE INTRODUCTION OHP 4

This is to Certify that


 
SECURITY OFFICER
Has successfully completed
Guard Basic Training Course
Number 000
Conducted in Kigali, Rwanda
June 17th to June 29th, 2002 

 Criminology & Offences  Terrorists & Criminals


 Surveillance Detection  Guard Administration
 Search & Arrest Procedures  Client/Public Relations
 Criminal Prevention  Fire Fighting

First Aid St. John Ambulance  Drill & Discipline


 Observation Techniques  Communications
 Bomb Recognition  Suicide Terrorism
PR -24 Defensive Training  Aids Awareness

1
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY OHP 1
M.T.P’S
• WHY DO PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES?
• DEFINITION OF SECURITY
• SECURITY POLICY

Before a Doctor can treat a patient, he has to


have an understanding of the many types of
illnesses that may affect a patient. Once he has
figured out which type of illness a patient has
he also has to know how to treat that illness.

Security guards, just like the Doctor, have first


of all to learn why people commit crimes in
order to be better prepared when dealing with
criminal activity. This lesson will provide guards
with the many factors of why people commit
crimes and an understanding of what security
is all about. Later in the course we will teach
you how to ‘treat’ criminals… when they come
to visit you.

2
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY OHP 2

WHY DO PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES?


• Personal • Personality Factors
Values/Beliefs • Curiosity/Interest
• Religion • Mischief
• Political • Fun
• Social Courses • Bravado
• Emotional Factors • Egotism
• Anger • Challenge
• Frustration • Bet/Wager
• Spite • Boredom
• Envy • Environmental
• Greed Factors
• Contempt/Disgust • Home
• Fear Environment/Family
• Mental Factors • Association Groups
• Anxiety/Stress • Housing Conditions
• Depression • Education
• Kleptomania • Employment/Un-
employment
• Schizophrenia
• Poverty
3
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY OHP 3

WHAT IS SECURITY?
• The protection and preservation of life
and assets from loss occasioned by
criminal activity, fire, damage or any
other forms of waste.

DICTIONARY DEFINITION
• The state of being secure
• Freedom from risk or danger.
• Freedom from doubt, anxiety or fear.
• Anything that gives or assures safety

SECURITY POLICY
For A Loss To Take Place There Must Be:
• Opportunity to Take
• Opportunity to Remove -from premise
• The Goods
• A Perpetrator
4
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SECURITY OFFICERS OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• QUALITIES OF A SECURITY OFFICER
• ROLES OF A SECURITY OFFICER
• DUTIES OF A SECURITY OFFICER
• UNDERSTANDING SECURITY

QUALITIES OF A GOOD SECURITY OFFICER

• Physically & Mentally Fit


• High State of Alertness
• Self Disciplined
• Professional Attitude
• Honest, Trustworthy & Reliable
• Exercises Sound Common Sense
• Good Public Relations Skills
• Understands and can Execute All His
Trained Security Skills
• Confident of His Ability
• Understands and Obeys the Chain of
Command.
• Loyal to his Company and Clients

5
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SECURITY OFFICERS OHP 2

ROLES OF A SECURITY OFFICER


A security Guard has a duty to protect his
employers property and assets. This duty
involves much more than simply preventing
and the detection of thefts. A Security Guard
has the responsibility of safeguarding the
employer from any type of loss. loss Any
incidence that causes waste, damage and a
financial or material loss is the concern of the
Security Guard. Other roles are:

• FIRE FIGHTING & PREVENTION MARSHAL


• QUALIFIED FIRST AIDER
• CCTV MONITORING OFFICER
• EMERGENCY MOBILE RESPONSE CREW
MEMBER
• ACCESS CONTROL DUTY OFFICER
• PERSONNEL & VIP ESCORT SECURITY
OFFICER
• FIRST OFFICER ATTENDING (FOA) AN
INCIDENT

6
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SECURITY OFFICERS OHP 3

DUTIES OF A SECURITY OFFICER

All Security Officers Have Three Types


Of Duties:

• GENERAL DUTIES – Duties &


responsibilities expected of all Guards as
laid down by the Company Rules &
Regulations.
• SPECIFIC DUTIES – Post or site specific
duties & responsibilities guards are
required to perform within an assignment
• COMMON DUTIES - Other certain basic
duties and tasks that all patrol officers
have in common. It is these basic duties
and tasks that are detailed in subsequent
lessons on this course

7
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
The SO & FOA relationship:

• The SO is in effect the First Officer


Attending (FOA) an incident

• FOA actions are crucial to any crime


scene investigation
• If the crime scene is NOT secured
(evidence moved or tampered with)
– then the job of the forensic
investigators is useless as any
potential evidence is now
contaminated & cannot be used.
- therefore CSM training is vital for all SO/CC/FO

• Individuals (SO/CC/FO) have specific


roles at the crime scene
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
SO’s role after an incident:

• Ensure the safety of himself & others


• Protect life & limb (give emergency
care if required)

• Secure & protect crime scene


immediately

• Keep unauthorised people away


• Cordon off the area with the aim of
protecting potential evidence

• Detailed notes (as 1st Witness)

• Handover scene to MRT C.C/Field


Officer
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINAL PREVENTION 1 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• INTRODUCTION STATEMENT
• FIVE MAIN PATROLLING OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION STATEMENT
• It might be thought that anyone could patrol
premises but this is FALSE.
• A security officer who just patrolled
premises without the faintest idea of what
he was looking for, or what he should do, or
indeed how he should carry out his patrol
would be of NO USE WHATSOEVER!!
• Much of a guard’s time will be spent on
patrol. This should not be seen as a waste of
time as much can be learned about the
company or client’s activities and the
potential risks to security and health &
safety. An alert guard will use their patrol to
look for any sign of activities that will
undermine the operations and safety of the
client.

10
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINAL PREVENTION 1 OHP 2

FIVE MAIN PATROLLING OBJECTIVES


• It is every Security Officer’s duty to
achieve the following five patrolling
objectives when on patrol.

1. Protection of an Employer’s Property


Against Loss, Theft or Damage
2. Preservation & Maintenance of Good
Order in the Premises
3. Protection of Private Property
Belonging to Staff and Visitors
4. Reporting and Immediate Action
Dealing With Crimes of Any Nature
Within the Premise of the Client
5. Preservation & Protection of All
Evidence Including Suspect Arrest
and Detention at the Crime Scene

11
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINAL PREVENTION 2 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• PURPOSE OF PATROLLING
• WHEN TO PATROL
• WHERE TO PATROL
• HOW TO PATROL

PURPOSE OF PATROLLING
• Preservation and Protection of the
Client’s Life and Property
• Detection and Prevention of Criminal
Activity
• Detection, Prevention and Reporting
of Fire, Hazardous Waste, and
Potential Accidents
• Provide Pro-active Security in Order
to Limit Re-active Investigations

12
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINAL PREVENTION 2 OHP 2

WHEN TO PATROL
• Taking Over Duties
• Handing Over Duties
• Frequently While on Duty
• When Instructed to by the Client
• On Investigation
• Whenever You Suspect Criminal Activity
• During Poor Weather Conditions
• When the Power Goes Out
• When the Client Is Out

WHERE TO PATROL
• All Entrance/access Points
• Possible Intrusion or Trouble Areas
• Along Fence Lines/ Perimeter Boundaries
• In All Dark Areas
• Static Guard Positions (If on Duty)
• Within the Compound Interior Areas
• Client Indicated Specific Areas
• Any Area That You Suspect at Any Time
13
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINAL PREVENTION 2 OHP 3

HOW TO PATROL
• At Irregular Time Intervals
• Different Patrol Route Directions
• Use Different Patrol Routes
• Quietly Slowly Thoroughly
• Make Use of Shadows and Dark Areas
• Stop – Scan - Listen Frequently
• Always Carry Your Baton, Torch, Alarm &
whistle
• Know the Location of All Panic Buttons
• Challenge Any Person You Do Not
Recognize

 REMEMBER! - Never get into the habit of a


regular patrol routine of time and direction.
There is always a potential criminal waiting
around the corner. If he sees you making
regular visits to the premises at similar time
intervals he will know that at other times he is
safe to commit whatever crime he sees fit!!

14
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINAL PREVENTION 3 OHP 1
M.T.P’s
• WHAT TO LOOK FOR AND CHECK 
• HANDING & TAKING OVER DUTIES
• STEPS TO FOLLOW
• ACTION ON CRIMINAL DETECTION

WHAT TO LOOK FOR AND CHECK


• Roof Tops For Attempted Entry
• Locks, Doors And Windows (Check Padlocks Have Not Been
Changed)
• Perimeter Fences For Holes, Culverts, Ditches
• Materials Stacked Against The Fence
• Vehicles – Unlocked, Windows Open, Lights?
• Security Seals of Trucks, Containers, Goods
• Property That May Be Affected By Weather
• Possible Intrusion Points And Trouble Areas
• External Lighting systems For Damage
• Internal Area Doors & Windows Are Locked
• Suspicious Individuals, Groups, Vehicles Or Activity
• Suspicious Packages, Boxes, Deliveries

 REMEMBER!
In all cases, make a note of your findings and report them to
both the Client & Supervisor for immediate action

15
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINAL PREVENTION 3 OHP 2

HANDING AND TAKING OVER DUTIES


Proper handing and taking over of duties is a simple
concept but is still a very important part of a guard’s duties.
The proper and most efficient method of handing and
taking over duties is to record everything in writing in the
Occurrence Book or Log Book.

Steps To Follow When Handing Over &


Taking over duties:
• Make sure your post is secure. Do a patrol.
• Make sure you have all the company equipment and
that it is in working order.
• Make sure you are aware of the movements in/out
of your post.
• Ensure any activities that occurred at your post are
communicated to the oncoming guard.
• Write all activities/handing over duties in the OB:
( Occurrence Book.)

Example: Hand over duties to S/O John Wafula with following


post equipment. Radio no 1234543, RPB, PR 24,
flashlight, all in working order. Rear security light is not working.
Client is expecting visitors at 19:00. Take note of Memo from
Supervisor. Post secure and in order.
Handed over correctly: Off-going guard sign
Received Correctly: On-coming guard sign
16
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINAL PREVENTION 3 OHP 3

Steps to Follow When Taking Over Duties


• Report At Least 15 Minutes Before Your Shift .
• Make Sure You Are In Full Uniform.
• Read The OB. Talk To The Off-going Guard
About Anything New At The Post That You Should
Know.
• Receive All Post Equipment. Test Equipment Is
In Working Order. Remember The Gate Keys!
• Inform Yourself With The Client’s Movements.
• Read The Post Orders. Re-read The Post
Specific Instructions.
• Conduct A Patrol With The Off Going Guard.
Ensure The Post Is Secure And In Order Before
Taking Over.
• Ensure All Activities During Your Shift Are
Entered Into The Log Book. Make Sure You
Inform The New Shift Guard Of Any Problems.

Effective security requires ALL guards to communicate


ALL information for action. Never leave your post
without writing and communicating information to the
oncoming guard or supervisor for necessary action.

 REMEMBER! NEVER handover your post to anyone


under the influence of alcohol/drugs or who is not fully
uniformed. You will be held responsible. 17
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINAL PREVENTION 3 OHP 2

ACTION ON CRIMINAL DETECTION


• Immediately press the panic button
• Remain calm. Take a minute to think
• Observe intruder for weapons
• If unarmed, attempt to arrest suspect
• If many, use available cover & observe
• Do not attempt to arrest a group
• Request assistance from fellow guards
• Secure the intruder firmly until QRF or
Police arrive
• Immediately afterwards, write a
statement to include date, time, number of
thugs, point of entry, your actions taken,
stolen material recovered
 REMEMBER!!
• If you are suspicious on patrol and believe you may
have intruders, DO NOT attempt to tackle them on
your own but try to raise assistance. Never place
yourself in a dangerous position. It is far better to
hold back and make a note of everyone and
everything you see and hear until help arrives.

18
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
Arrival at scene: Initial Response

• Receipt of information
• Assess the situation, scan the area,
patrol
• Safety procedures
• Control any dangerous situations
• Emergency care
• Ensure medical care is provided with
minimal contamination of evidence
• Boundaries: identify, establish,
protect & secure
• Secure & control persons at a scene
• Document actions and observations
• Handing over the scene to
C.C/F.O/Supervisor

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Crime scene management
procedures:

• Establishing boundaries of crime


scene – using barrier tape to
secure area
• Marking perimeters
• Removing unnecessary individuals
from the scene
• Recording conditions at the scene
(weather, time, etc)
• Documentation & using specified
form templates – witness names,
movements in, out and around
crime scene, observations and
actions

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
STATIC GUARDING 1 OHP 1

M.T.P’s
• DUTIES OF A STATIC GUARD
• PRESENTATION & IMAGE
• PERSONNEL & VEHICLE ACCESS CONTROL

DUTIES OF STATIC GUARD


A Static Guard is a guard usually positioned at
the front entrance of a compound. He has many
responsibilities to perform at his post and may
often have more than one duty.

• Access Control Of Personnel


• Access Control Of Vehicles
• Recording of goods entering or exiting
• Recording Of Personnel And Vehicles
• Escort Duties For Visitors
• Personnel Property Management
• Receptionist
• C.C.T.V Monitoring & Camera Control

21
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
STATIC GUARDING 1 OHP 2
PRESENTATION & IMAGE
• The Static Guard is the first contact a visitor
has with the company. A dirty bad-mannered
poorly uniformed Static Guard will present a
NEGATIVE IMAGE to the customer or client.
Do not adopt a COULDN’T CARE LESS
attitude. Only the most capable and effective
security guards should control these posts.

Guards On Duty At These Posts Must Be:


• Presentable
• Confident
• Polite but Firm
• Strong Ability to Communicate
Effectively
• Intelligent & Trustworthy
• Thoroughly Knowledgeable in Their
Duties
• Extremely Punctual for Duty
• Able to Handle Difficult Situations
22
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
STATIC GUARDING 1 OHP 3

PERSONNEL & VEHICLE ACCESS CONTROL


Controlling personnel and vehicles into and out
of any premise is a vital duty and daily function
of the Static Guard. It must be performed
professionally and accurately and will include
the following:

• Ensure desirable customers permitted access


• Exclude undesirable and unwanted personnel
• Staff & workers identification check
• Supplier identification & good verification
• Accurate Log record of number of personnel in
case of fire
• Confirmation with client for authorized
entrance
• Customer escorting
• Record of staff/workers for pay purposes
• Record of all vehicles entering and exiting
• Prevention of unauthorized materials or
personnel from exiting the premise

23
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
STATIC GUARDING 2 OHP 1

M.T.P’s
• PURPOSE OF VISITORS BOOKS & LOGS
• WHAT SHOULD A VB. & LOG CONTAIN?
• OCCURRENCE BOOKS
Accurate and detailed recording of information
is a vital part of any Security guard function.
Routine recording of information is often
valuable in later investigations and can also be a
major deterrent to would be criminals. Often
reports will be used for legal purposes and
accurate and well-prepared recording of
information will assist in obtaining convictions.
The visitor’s book and occurrence books provide
a chronological (time) record of events.

PURPOSE OF VISITORS BOOKS & LOGS


• Provides accurate records of visitors & suppliers
• Deters attempts by unauthorized personnel
• A safety record of those personnel on the premise.
This could be vital in case of emergency

24
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
STATIC GUARDING 2 OHP 2

WHAT SHOULD A VB. & LOG CONTAIN?

• Date & Time


• Name Of Visitor
• Company Name
• Purpose Of Visit
• Who Visiting & Authority To Visit
• Vehicle Details, Type, Registration
• Departure Details

The visitor’s book will be linked with other


procedures such as:

• Verification Prior To Entry


• Visitor Pass Or Badge Issuing
• Retaining Of Visitor’s Id
• Personnel/baggage Inspection
• Escorting To Location

25
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
STATIC GUARDING 2 OHP 3

OCCURRENCE BOOKS
The daily maintenance of Occurrence Books is a
vital function. The following points should be noted

• Most companies & organizations normally have


an O.B. set format.
• All entries are normally serial numbered
• May have two books, O.B. & Incident Book
• Recording of information must be accurate
• Comments & opinions kept separate from fact
• All entries should be in English and readable
• An incident is not resolved when it is entered
into the book. You must inform the supervisor or
reliever to take the necessary action.
 REMEMBER!
Accurate reporting of all events is vital. Record
books covered in this lesson have time and
again proved to be a valuable asset in the follow
up to incidents and are often used as evidence.
They will often prove to be a vital reference
should detailed reports or statements be
required to be prepared.

26
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
STATIC GUARDING 2 OHP 4

OCCURRENCE BOOK ENTRY EXAMPLE


DATE SERIAL/TIME & OCCURRENCE GUARD
10/30 3. Time: 2030hrs – Warehouse
loading bay doors found unlocked by
patrolling guard Peter Waithaka. John Maina
Nothing found missing, door lock was
replaced and secured. Attention:
Warehouse Manager
_______________________________________________________

4. Time: 2250hrs – Electricity Outage


lasted for 35 minutes. On again at
2325hrs. Parking lot light bulb now
needs replacement. Compound John Maina
secure. Attention: Maintenance
Manager
_______________________________________________________

5. Time: 0630hrs – Reporting off


duty. Compound secure, handing John Maina
over to Elias Minor
_______________________________________________________

1. Time: 0630 – Reporting on duty


11/30
Elias Minor. Compound found secure.
Will alert Warehouse and Elias Minor
Maintenance Manager reference
above reports.
27
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINOLOGY & OFFENCES 1 OHP 1
M.T.P’S
• THE LAW
• BURGLARY
• ASSAULT & CRIMINAL DAMAGE 
A Security Guard must be aware of what
constitutes a crime and must also have an
understanding of what factors must be present in
proving crime. It is important that a guard is aware
of the definition of different crimes in order to
report to their supervisors the nature of offences
that are discovered
THE LAW
• The law states that ‘Each and Every Citizen
Has the Right to Arrest and IF NECESSARY
Reasonable Force Can Be Used’.

BURGLARY
• There must be an entry.
• There must be relevant intent.
• There must be a building or Part of a
building.
• There must be a Trespasser responsible.

28
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINOLOGY & OFFENCES 1 OHP 2

ASSAULT
• An assault is any act which intentionally or
recklessly inflicts violence on another
individual. This includes:
• Threat, threatening violence
• An attempt to cause personal violence or
battery (The actual application of unlawful
force no matter how slightly)

CRIMINAL DAMAGE
• When an individual unlawfully or recklessly
damages property or possessions belonging to
another person.
• When a person is intending to destroy or
damage any property or possessions.
• Where the destruction or damage of property
endangers the life of another through being
reckless or as a result of unlawful damage.
• Damage caused by fire to property or
possessions is considered to be Arson.

29
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINOLOGY & OFFENCES 2 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• THEFT ROBBERY TRESPASS
• INTENT
• WHEN TO ARREST

THEFT
• A person is regarded as guilty of theft if
he dishonestly appropriates property
belonging to another person/party with
the intention of permanently depriving
them of their possessions. A theft and
stealing are understood to be one and
the same.

ROBBERY
• Robbery is theft accompanied and
aggravated by the use or threat of force.
• There must be theft in order for an
incident to become robbery.
• There must be force or threat of force
before or at the time of the incident in
order for it to be deemed robbery.
30
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINOLOGY & OFFENCES 2 OHP 2

TRESPASSING
• For an individual to be regarded as a trespasser
the entry must have been effected knowingly and
without true consent of the occupier. Any entry
gained by deceit would be classified as
trespassing:
• Example: A person gains entry to an office
building/workshop by posing as a policeman or security
guard.
INTENT
Intent May Be To Commit One Of Four Things
• Intent To Steal
• Intent To Inflict Grievous Bodily Harm
• Intent To Rape
• Intent To Cause Unlawful Damage
WHEN TO ARREST
A Guard May Arrest Anybody Found In The Act of:
• Trespassing.
• Breaking and entering.
• In the act of theft.
• Attacking/Assaulting a guard or person

31
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINOLOGY & OFFENCES 3 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• POWERS OF ARREST
• ARREST PROCEDURES
• DETAINING A SUSPECT
• USE OF FORCE

POWERS OF ARREST
An arrest is ‘The taking or restraining of a
person from his liberty in order that he
shall be forthcoming to answer an alleged
crime or offence’. Any person may arrest
another without a warrant when:

• An individual is caught in the act of


committing an offence.
• He has reasonable grounds for
suspecting to be committing an offence.
• Anyone guilty of an offence.

32
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINOLOGY & OFFENCES 3 OHP 2

ARREST PROCEDURE
• Aggressively COMMAND the suspect
to halt.
• Call for immediate help
(whistle/radio).
• Command suspect to lie face down.
• ‘Spread Eagle’ the suspect with your
legs.
• Order Arms spread apart
• Ensure palms of hands facing up.
• Conduct ‘frisk’ search.
• Always ‘frisk’ from head to toe.

DETAINING A SUSPECT
• Place a PR-24 baton at base of the
neck.
• Issue a warning of force if the
suspect tries to resist or escape.
• Continue calling for help
• Move the suspect to a secure area

33
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
CRIMINOLOGY & OFFENCES 2 OHP 3

USE OF FORCE
Force May ONLY Be Used When:

• The Suspect Resists Arrest.


• The Suspect Attempts to Run
Away After or During Arrest.
• The Suspect Attacks the Guards
or Civilians.

 REMEMBER!!
• Never use more force than is absolutely
necessary.
• If you make a wrongful arrest or use
unnecessary force you could be charged and
arrested. 
• Any person may use such force as is
reasonable in the circumstances or assisting
in the lawful arrest of offenders When
possible, have a witness or suspected
offenders.

34
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
Scene Security & Safety:

• Ensure your own safety & the


safety of your colleagues
• Assess potentially dangerous
situations carefully
• Assist with medical care where
possible or call for emergency
services
• Do not put yourself or others in
danger
• Protect life and limb at all times

• Assess the scene/scan the area


• If the situation is dangerous,
wait for back up to arrive

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Boundaries: Identify, Establish,
Protect & Secure

• The First officer attending (FOA) at


the scene conducts an initial
assessment - establish & control the
crime scene & its boundaries.

• It is better to have a large boundary


that can be made smaller; a smaller
one cannot be made larger later on,
due to contamination

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Boundaries – how & what to do

• Set up physical boundaries


• (e.g. ropes, cones, crime scene
tape, available cars, personnel) or
use existing boundaries (gates,
doors etc)

• Document & Control the flow of


personnel entering & leaving the
scene
• maintain the integrity of the scene

• Document the original location of


the victims and/or evidence that
you observe being moved.

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Secure & control people

Important functions in protecting the crime scene:

• Control, identify & remove unauthorised


people at the crime scene

• Limit the number & movements of


people who enter the crime scene
• If people have to enter, ensure a SCENE
LOG is written (to include: time of entry,
who, reason for entering, time of exit)

• Exclude unauthorised & nonessential


personnel from the scene eg media.

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Boundaries – rules:

• NO SMOKING
• NO USE OF THE TELEPHONE,
• NO USE OF TOILET/BATHROOM,
• DO NOT EAT/DRINK,
• MOVE ANY ITEMS (UNLESS FOR THE
SAFETY &WELL-BEING OF PERSONS AT
THE SCENE)
• OPEN WINDOWS & DOORS,
• TOUCH ANYTHING UNNECESSARILY
(NOTE & DOCUMENT ANY ITEMS
MOVED)
• REPOSITION MOVED ITEMS
• LITTER OR SPIT WITHIN THE
ESTABLISHED BOUNDARIES OF THE
SCENE

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SEARCH TECHNIQUES 1 OHP 1
M.T.P’S
• DEFINITION OF SEARCH
• TYPES OF SEARCH
• WHEN TO SEARCH
• RULES OF SEARCH
• COMPANY SEARCH CLAUSE

INTRODUCTION
All Guards should understand that no private
person has the right (which includes Security
Guards) to search another person, vehicle or
building. If there is a search clause as part of the
condition of employment then consent must be
gained from the employee first. A search without
consent constitutes an assault or trespass of the
person.

DEFINITION OF SEARCH
• A search is a careful methodical and intelligent
examination of a person, vehicle or an area where
items, usually unauthorised, may be found.

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SEARCH TECHNIQUES 1 OHP 2

TYPES OF SEARCH
• Personnel 
• Vehicle 
• Area 
• Building 

WHEN TO SEARCH
• When Instructed by Client
• Routine Daily or Weekly Searches
• When You Suspect
• During Special Security Occasions
RULES OF SEARCH
• A Witness Must Always Be Present
• Consent Must Be Obtained First
• Always Search Thoroughly the First Time
• Women Can Only Be Searched by Women
• Smaller the Item, the Longer the Search

41
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SEARCH TECHNIQUES 1 OHP 3
THE SEARCH CLAUSE
Many firms now have a search clause. This may
vary from firm to firm and will usually include the
following:
• Companies should reserve the right to search all
employees entering and leaving the premises.
The search should include bags, packages and
vehicles.
• Random searches may be carried out from time to
time without warning.
• The penalty for removing company property
without permission tends to be instant dismissal
with or without court proceedings.
• Any authorised member of staff may question an
employee regarding company property in their
possession or in any vehicle in their use.
• In the event of an employee refusing to be
searched, the matter will be referred to senior
management for disciplinary action.

42
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SEARCH TECHNIQUES 2 OHP 1
M.T.P’S
TIPS ON SEARCHING
METHOD OF SEARCHING PERSONNEL
DEMONSTRATION

TIPS ON SEARCHING
• Request consent before searching
• Know what you’re looking for
• Always remain polite and in control
• Be professional and thorough
• Don’t waste unnecessary time
• Start the search from top to bottom
• Thank the individual
• Look down the line to see if anyone is
sneaking away or fidgeting with clothes
• Pay attention to body language. If nervous,
search more closely
• Don’t engage in unnecessary chit chat
• Keep the line moving

43
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SEARCH TECHNIQUES 2 OHP 2

METHOD OF PERSONNEL SEARCH

AREA CHECK
HEAD Head dress, Hair (if long)
NECK Inside and around collar
BACK Entire back and arm pits
CHEST Front and sides
ARMS Sleeves, cuffs, short sleeves
WAIST Around belt, back & front of
trousers, Feel outside pockets
LEGS From waist to ankle, calves, (for
knives or guns)
SHOES Feel for bulky objects. Request
removal if suspicious

44
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SEARCH TECHNIQUES 3 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• WHEN TO SEARCH
• QUICK & THOROUGH SEARCH
• DEMONSTRATION

WHEN TO SEARCH
Vehicles may be searched in several situations.
• When Instructed
• Daily or Weekly Routines
• When You Suspect Something is Wrong
• During Special Security Occasions or Operations
 REMEMBER!!
Before searching a vehicle you must first obtain
consent from the driver. Remember people must
always allow you to search their property but
consent must be requested first. It is important that
when you search vehicles that you are thorough in
your examination. Routinely searching the
boots of vehicles will have no security value
whatsoever.

45
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SEARCH TECHNIQUES 3 OHP 2
QUICK & THOROUGH SEARCHES
• Obtain Consent
• Be Polite Remain In Control
• Extent Of Search Will Depend On What You Are
Looking For

QUICK SEARCH THOROUGH SEARCH


• Inside Glove Box • Under Bonnet/Boot
• Seats (behind/under) • Under Mud-Guards
• Inside Boot • Air filter container
• Under Bonnet • Engine Spaces
• Inside Bumpers
• Under floor mats
• Tool Box
• Underside of vehicle
• Glove Box
• Roof Lining
•Behind Spare Tire

46
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SEARCH TECHNIQUES 3 OHP 3
DEMONSTRATION OF VEHICLE SEARCH

Bomb
Detection
Mirrors

Boot Search

47
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 1 INTRODUCTION OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• WHAT IS FIRST AID?
• THE PURPOSE OF FIRST AID
• WHEN TO APPLY FIRST AID
• ORDERS OF TREATMENT

WHAT IS FIRST AID?


First Aid is the initial assistance or
treatment given to a casualty for any
injury before the arrival of a qualified
person.

THE PURPOSE OF FIRST AID


• To Save Life
• To Stop Further Injury
• To Aid Recovery
• To Evacuate Casualties

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 1 INTRODUCTION OHP 2

WHEN APPLYING FIRST AID


• Assess the Situation
• Decide on What Is Wrong
• Giving Immediate Treatment
• Evacuation of the Casualty to the
Hospital

ORDER OF TREATMENT
1. Breathing
2. Bleeding
3. Breaks
4. Burns
 REMEMBER!!
PURPOSE ORDER APPLYING
• To save life • Breathing • Assess the situation
• To stop further injury • Bleeding • Decide what is wrong
• To aid recovery • Breaks • Give immediate treatment
• To evacuate casualties • Burns • Evacuate casualty

49
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 2 BREATHING OHP 1

M.T.P’S.
• CAUSES OF BREATHING PROBLEMS
• RECOGNITION
• ACTION
• TREATMENT

CAUSES OF BREATHING PROBLEMS


• Choking
• Suffocation
• Swelling of the Airway
• Tongue slipping Back when Unconscious
• Electric Shock
• Drowning in Blood, Water or Vomit
• Heart Attack
• Poisoning
• Mud, Sand or Plastic stuck in the Throat

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 2 BREATHING OHP 2

RECOGNITION
• Casualty may be unconscious/choking
• The face will be pale
• No obvious chest movement
• No air being exhaled
• His/Her breathing might be absent or
noisy, bubbling, gasping or whistling.

IMMEDIATE ACTION
• Clear the Airway
• Loosen clothing around the casualty’s
neck
• Remove any foreign materials from mouth
• Open the airway
• Operate ‘Jaw Thrust’ Maneuver
• Place in3/4 prone position
• If the casualty is unconscious, Do not
leave unattended!

51
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 2 BREATHING OHP 3
ARTIFICIAL RESUCITATION
• Check area for any danger e.g. live wires, fire
etc
• Check for consciousness. Ask a question –
What happened ?
• If unconscious, place victim on back
• Open airway. Remove any obstructions.
• Check for breathing. Chest movement, listen
for breathing, feel for air.
• Loosen clothing around neck
• Pinch victim’s nose.
• Blow into mouth. 10 breaths every minute.
• Remove your mouth and allow chest to rise.
• After two breaths, check heart beat.
• Feel carotid pulse for 5 seconds.
• If heart is beating, continue mouth to mouth at
a rate of 10 breaths per minute.
• Check pulse after 10 breaths.
• On resuming normal breathing place casualty in
¾ prone position.
 Note: If casualty has injuries around the mouth try
using Mouth to Nose.

52
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING
COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BLEEDING OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• TYPES OF BLEEDING
• CAUSES OF BLEEDING
• RECOGNITION OF SYMPTOMS
• TREATMENT

TYPES OF BLEEDING

• EXTERNAL - Dealing with external bleeding


can be frightening, Try not to let the sight of a lot
of blood distract you. Decide what and how to
treat the injury. The casualty is counting on you.
Remain calm

• INTERNAL - Because you may not be able to


see any blood loss when a casualty is bleeding
internally, it’s vital to be alert to the tell-tale
symptoms during your initial assessment.
Bleeding from orifices (nose, ear, mouth, anus),
may indicate internal bleeding, so it’s important to
know the difference between these dangerous
signs and signs of less serious bleeding
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BLEEDING OHP 2

EXTERNAL BLEEDING CAUSES


• Incised wounds (knife cuts)
• Lacerations (Machinery, Barbed wire)
• Abrasion (Fall, Friction burn)
• Contusion (Bruise from punches, fall)
• Puncture (Sharp Object)
• Gunshot (Bullet or other missile)
Minor External Bleeding - If you’ve ever cut your
finger you know that even minor wounds can bleed a
lot. Minor bleeding is important because of the danger
of infection.
Major External Bleeding - Severe bleeding may be
immediately life-threatening because it causes shock.
Severe blood loss occurs when blood spurts from a cut
artery or gushes from a cut vein.

INTERNAL BLEEDING CAUSES


• Vehicle Accidents (Internal injuries, broken ribs)
• Crushing (Crowds, heavy objects)
• Falls (broken bones)
• Fighting
• Sudden illnesses (Ruptured stomach ulcer)
• Penetrating Wound

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BLEEDING OHP 3
SYMPTOM RECOGNITION
EXTERNAL BLEEDING

Sign Blood Vessel Severity

Bright Red Blood ARTERY Severe Priority


• Spurts from wound in time • Blood lost quickly resulting
with pulse in shock/loss of
• Jet of blood (may be several consciousness
feet high) • Reduced blood volume
may stop heart
Dark Red Blood VEIN Severe Priority
• Gushes from wound • May collect in the vein and
gush suddenly
• Quickly affects circulatory
system
• Initially flows briskly CAPILLIARY Minor
• Characteristically oozes • Total blood loss is small

INTERNAL BLEEDING.
•Casualty may be Bleeding from Orifices
•Fast Shallow Gasping Breaths
•Feel sick, Thirsty Weak of Giddy
•Grey/Blue Lips, Earlobes, Fingernails
•Restless
•Pain
•Bruising after Violent Injury
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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING
COURSE
TREATMENT
FIRST AID 3 BLEEDING OHP 4
EXTERNAL
• Remove clothing to expose the wound. Press firmly
over it with your hand or fingers, preferably over a
clean dressing or pad. Do not apply a tourniquet.
• Maintain pressure, raise and support the injured
part if possible.
• Bandage pad firmly in place, but not so tightly that
you cut off the blood supply to the limb.
• Get medical help immediately. If severe bleeding,
keep injured part raised/supported, lay casualty
down. If bleeding leaks through bandage, secure
another dressing over the top.

INTERNAL
• Lie casualty down, Raise and support legs.
• Wrap up in blankets. Keep warm.
• Call for immediate evacuation to hospital
• Monitor breathing
• Do not let the casualty move unnecessarily, eat
drink or smoke

REMEMBER!!

Severe Bleeding - Priority = CONTROL BLEEDING


Slight Bleeding - Priority = PREVENT INFECTION
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BREAKS OHP 1

M.T.P’S
BREAKS & FRACTURES
TYPES OF BREAKS & FRACTURES
RECOGNITION & TREATMENT

BREAKS AND FRACTURES


• A fracture is a cracked or splinted bone.
• A break is a bone that has split into two
parts.
• Bones can be fractured or broken at the
point of impact
• Bones can also be fractured or broken
some distance from the point of impact
• Correctly treating a casualty with a
fracture or break helps to reduce pain
and prevents further damage being
caused by the injury.

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BREAKS OHP 2
TYPES OF BREAKS & FRACTURES
Closed – the injured bone has not broken through
the skin surface
Open – the injured bone has broken through the
skin surface

RECOGNITION & TREATMENT


Closed
• Tender to Touch/ Painful if Moved
• Swelling & Bruising
• Snapping Sound
• Unnatural Shape/Shortening of limb

Open
• Bone May Be Visible
• Severe Bleeding
• High Risk of Infection

Note: Never attempt to push back or remove any


protruding bone, tissue or foreign body in the
wound.

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BREAKS OHP 3

TREATMENT
Closed
• ABC ( Airways, Breathing & Circulation) are
always the priority
• If injured limb is at an angle, it may be
necessary to gently straighten to restore
circulation. If OK, do not move limb.
• Support & Immobilize limb against movement
Use sling for upper limbs or blankets,
cushions etc under lower limbs.

Open
• Vital to control bleeding. Apply pressure and
bandage. If bone protruding treat as a wound
with an imbedded object. (Dressing)
• Cover wound with sterile dressing to prevent
infection.
• Elevate limb. Be careful, this may not be
possible without making the injury worse
• Arrange immediate evacuation to hospital
59
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BURNS OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• CAUSES
• TYPES
• TREATMENT
• PRECAUTIONS

An incident in which a casualty is burnt needs


particularly careful management. Burns and scalds
are very painful; they can threaten the casualty’s
life; they can also scar and disfigure for life. Often
the cause may still be present – and dangerous to
everyone at the scene of the incident.

CAUSES OF BURNS
• FIRE
• CORROSIVE CHEMICALS
• ELECTRICTY
• FRICTION
• OVER EXPOSURE TO SUN
• BOILING WATER/STEAM

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BURNS OHP 2

TYPES
There Are Three Types of Burns

• 1st degree – Superficial Burns


• Red skin
• 2nd degree – Partial Thickness Burns
• Swelling, raw blistered skin
• 3rd degree – Full Thickness Burns
• Skin may be waxy, charred

• When a casualty receives burns, tissue fluid


leaks from the damaged tissues. Shock will
develop depending upon the size of area
burned.
• With any burn there is also a high risk of
infection which also increases according to
the extent of the burned area

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BURNS OHP 3

TREATMENT – When you have to deal with an


incident involving burns, your first action should
always be to assess the situation for danger to
yourself and others. Provided it is safe to do so, it
is vital to treat burns and scalds quickly

Do Don’t
1st & 2nd Degree Burns •Touch the burned
•Cool burn under clean cold area
water
•Prevent infection •Apply any lotions
•Apply sterile dressing
•Treat for mild shock •Burst any blisters
•Arrange to see the doctor
•Remove clothes stuck
to the burns
3rd Degree Burns
• Rush to hospital immediately •Use fluffy materials
that will stick to the
• Monitor ABC closely burns
• Victim will be close to death

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRST AID 3 BURNS OHP 4
PRECAUTIONS
• The main problem in dealing with electrical incidents is the danger
to yourself and to your colleagues or onlookers. You must
remember to ‘Manage the incident before you manage the
casualty’.
• Low Voltage – Homes, Office etc.

Manage the Incident Manage the casualty


DO NOT touch the casualty The electric shock may
while they are in contact with have caused
the supply BREATHING TO FAIL
MAKE SAFE HEART TO STOP
Switch off the supply and
remove plug from socket: Treat the burns
If you are unable to do this
• Stand on a rubber mat, All electrical burns
telephone directory, wood block should be referred to a
• Push the casualty’s limb away doctor because of the
using: wooden broom, branch, possibility of internal
injuries
•(nothing metal) – Your aim is to manage
High voltage the situation so that no
one else is injured, summon expert help. DO NOT touch the
victim. Insulating material will NOT protect you or other people
who try to help.

63
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRE FIGHTING 1 INTRODUCTION OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• ELEMENTS OF FIRE
• TYPES & CLASSES OF FIRE
• COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE

ELEMENTS OF FIRE
• Fire is a vapour that is produced when materials
get hot enough and ignite and will only happen if
there is sufficient oxygen (air). For fire to occur
there must be three elements.
• Oxygen

Fuel • • Heat

• These three elements must be present together


for fire to occur. Remove one of them; and
either the fire is extinguished or will not
start.

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRE FIGHTING 1 INTRODUCTION OHP 2
TYPES & CLASSES OF FIRE
There are four different types and classes of
fire. Learn them. It is very important to be
able to identify a type of fire before you
attempt to extinguish it.

TYPES CAUSES
• ORDINARY Clothes Paper Wood
• GASOLINE Petrol Diesel
• ELECTRICAL Electrical Wires
• METALLIC Metals

TYPES CLASS
• ORDINARY A
• GASOLINE B
• ELECTRICAL C
• METALLIC D

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRE FIGHTING 1 INTRODUCTION OHP 3

COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE


• Cigarette ends carelessly thrown away
• Unattended old overheating machines
• Overloading of electric circuits
• Exposed live electrical cables
• Children playing with matches
• Unprofessional electrical wiring attempts
• Jikos left burning unattended
• Paraffin lamps knocked over
• Materials next to Burner plates

Fire is an opportunist. Provide the three


elements, HEAT, FUEL, & OXYGEN and
fires will always occur.

When on duty or at home look


very closely and see if you can
identify some of the common
causes of fire & help prevent
fire before it occurs.

66
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRE FIGHTING 2 OHP 1
M.T.P’S
• METHODS OF FIGHTING FIRE
• TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• HOW TO USE AN EXTINGUISHER

Part of every Security Officer’s duty is the


prevention and extinguishing of fires. In order
to extinguish a fire one or more of the
elements of fire ( HEAT OXYGEN OR FUEL)
must be removed.
METHODS OF FIGHTING FIRE
METHOD ELEMENT REMOVAL
SMOTHERING OXYGEN
STARVING FUEL

COOLING HEAT
 REMEMBER! – Remove one element and the
fire is extinguished

67
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRE FIGHTING 2 OHP 2
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Learn which colour extinguisher to use on which
class of fire. Use the wrong extinguisher on the
wrong class of fire and you could end up seriously
hurt or dead. I.e., red water extinguisher used on a
type C electrical fire will electrocute and possibly kill the
user.

TYPE COLOUR CLASS

WATER RED A
REGULAR BLUE B&C
DRY POWDER
MULTI CREAM/GREY ABC&D
PURPOSE DRY
POWDER
CARBON BLACK C&D
DIOXIDE
HOSE PIPE RED A& D
SAND/WATER RED A&B
BUCKET

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRE FIGHTING 2 OHP 3
HOW TO USE AN EXTINGUISHER

• IDENTIFY CLASS OF FIRE FIRST


• LOCATE CORRECT EXTINGUISHER TYPE
• MOVE TOWARDS FIRE CAREFULLY
• PLACE EXTINQUISHER ON THE GROUND
• LOCATE RING PIN ON HANDLE & PULL OUT
• GRAP THE BLACK HOSE PIPE AND AIM
• AIM HOSE PIPE AT BASE OF FIRE
• SQUEEZE THE TWO HANDLES TOGETHER
• IF NECESSARY, PICK UP THE EXTINGUISHER

NOTE: Many extinguishers do not activate


properly. Often there is not enough
pressure in the extinguishers. You may
have to find an alternate method to put
out the fire.

69
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
FIRE FIGHTING 3 OHP 1
M.T.P’S
• FIRE DRILL PROCEDUR
• CLASS DEMONSTRATION & PRACTISE

FIRE DRILL PROCEDURE


Fires spread quickly and wait for no one. The
most important rule in fighting fires is to save
lives first. When a fire has been spotted
remember the word R.E.A.C.T.

Raise the Alarm Shout Fire Fire Fire

Evacuate Occupants Orderly Do not panic

Assess the Fire Ordinary, electrical?


ABCD
Call for Help Guards, client, fire
service
Try to fight the fire Use the correct material

70
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PUBLIC & CLIENT RELATIONS 1 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• DEFINITIONS
• NEGATIVE & POSITIVE BEHAVIOUR
• DO’S & DON’TS OF BEHAVIOUR

All security guards will have to communicate


with the public. How you act and what you say
will have a direct reflection on the company. Be
firm but polite…always.

DEFINITIONS
• PUBLIC RELATIONS - A planned and
sustained effort to establish and maintain
goodwill and mutual understanding
between an organisation and its public

• BEHAVIOUR - Everything that you as


an individual say and do that is directly
observable by others.

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GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PUBLIC & CLIENT RELATIONS 1 OHP 2

GOODWILL
• Carrying out tasks and deeds that are not
necessarily your responsibility to do so.
• Deeds done out of good faith
• Deeds done above the call of duty
• Deeds done out of pride and loyalty to
the company or client
• Deeds done without expecting a
reward

THE PUBLIC
• Your community
• Your own peers
• Customers and friends of the company
• All people you come into contact with
while at work
• Potential clients and employers

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GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PUBLIC & CLIENT RELATIONS 1 OHP 3
• NEGATIVE & POSITIVE BEHAVIOUR
Positive behaviour will produce positive
results both at work and in your own
outward attitude
Negative behaviour creates a negative
attitude causing poor, careless work and
often affecting those around you. If you
are going to be negative - stay at home.

NEGATIVE POSITIVE
• Aggression • Co-operation
• Stubbornness • Being Helpful
• Defensiveness • Understanding
• Ignorance • Sympathetic
• Ignoring Others • Interested
• Being Rude •Paying Attention

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PUBLIC & CLIENT RELATIONS 1 OHP 4

• DO’S & DON’TS IN PUBLIC RELATIONS

DO’S  DON’T’S 
• SMART & ALERT • AGGRESSIVENESS
• POLITENESS • RUDENESS
• BE HONEST & • UNTIDY UNIFORM
TRUSTWORTHY • SLOPPY SALUTING
• COURTEOUS • POOR DISCIPLINE
• GREETINGS • UNKNOWLEDGEABLE
• OPENING DOORS • POOR ATTITUDE
• GIVING WAY • ARGUING
• BE HELPFUL • SELF IMPORTANCE
• KNOW YOUR DUTIES • UNPREPARED
• PERFORM YOUR • UNHELPFUL
DUTIES

• Guards are the public faces of our company and your


actions will reflect the company image. Strive to be
excellent in your public presentation

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PUBLIC & CLIENT RELATIONS 2 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• VISUAL & VERBAL LANGUAGE
• BODY LANGUAGE

Public relations is about how you approach


people not just by what is said but also by your
body language and general attitude

VISUAL & VERBAL LANGUAGE


• VISUAL – When dealing with the public they
will be more responsive to a number of
visual signals that you give out. Some
examples are:

• Stop Work And Look Up


• Smile And Look Interested 
• Stand Up And Offer Greeting
• Make Eye Contact
• Show Response (Nodding Head)
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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PUBLIC & CLIENT RELATIONS 2 OHP 2

• VERBAL – Being polite and open with a


person is a good way to gain trust and set
a good impression. Verbal
communications, in a confident and polite
manner creates a positive personnel
experience. When talking with a visitor or
another member of the public try the
following:

• Use Open Ended Questioning


• Make Suggestions
• Do Not Interrupt 
• If You Have to Disagree – Offer
an Explanation
• Listen Patiently 

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PUBLIC & CLIENT RELATIONS 2 OHP 3

• BODY LANGUAGE – Body language is as


important as speaking to a person.
Positive body language will tell another
person that you are smart and well trained.
Body language can be both encouraging
and discouraging.

Encouraging Discouraging
• Shaking Hands • Pointing
• Smiling • Frowning
• Sitting Up • Avoiding eye contact
• Nodding • Slouching
• Being Attentive • Staring

 Remember, you are


the first contact with the
public. Practise your
Public Relations skills professionally
77
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PATROL GUARD SECURITY 1 OHP 1
M.T.P’S
• P.A.T.R.O.L

• The following lessons will discuss three of


the most important words in your job. These
three words are:

• PATROL
• GUARD
• SECURITY

To stress the maximum importance of these


words, the letters of each word have been
assigned a special meaning. Pay attention
closely as these words are explained to you.
Once you have understood their importance
and can apply them while on duty, you will be
able to provide effective security at all posts
you are assigned to…anywhere.

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PATROL GUARD SECURITY 1 OHP 2

PATROL- One of the most important out of the three,


will remind Security Officers what they must
achieve when patrolling a premise.

LETTER MEANING
P Patrol Routes Minimum 2. Different
directions Different times Different pace

A Access Points Check all personnel &


vehicle points. Are they locked? Who’s lock?

T Trouble Areas Culverts, Fence holes,


Tree branches, Dark areas, Intrusion points

R Routines Learn who is around to assist


you, when & where they patrol,

O Order of Help What must you do


first? Press alarm? Tell Client? Find out!

L Light & Whistle Signals Develop


emergency signals with other guards
Most Important Letter? Letter O. Guards must know what to do in an
emergency situation. Check with the client

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PATROL GUARD SECURITY 2 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• G.U.A.R.D.
• S.E.C.U.R.I.T.Y.
GUARD - Letters in this word are provided to
remind guards of the life threatening
consequences should they forget the
importance of their job

LETTER MEANING
G Good Attitude Don’t come to
work without it
U Uniform Clean, pressed, worn
correctly, complete. Take pride
A Alert Failure may result in injury or
even death
R Ready Come prepared to work.
Leave your problems at home
D Discipline Practise self discipline.
Look sharp, Think sharp, Act sharp
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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
PATROL GUARD SECURITY 2 OHP 2

SECURITY – The letters in this word will


indicate how to provide overall security in
an acceptable life preserving manner.
LETTER MEANING
S Safety Accident Prevention, Patrolling
correctly, Looking out for danger, Alert

E Effectively Don’t cut corners. Do the


job correctly the first time

C Communication Problems? Let


someone know immediately

U Underestimate Clever thugs steal


for a living. They’re waiting for a dumb
guard. Never think your safe OR too clever

R Responsible Accept responsibility


I Intelligent Think…before you act
T Thorough Leave no stone unturned.
Patrol the whole premise confidently

Y Your Job No one else will do it


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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
COMMUNICATIONS 1 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
• MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
• PHONETIC ALPHABET

INTRODUCTION STATEMENT
• Part of every Security Officer's skills should
be the ability to communicate. Not just
radio communication although that is
important but the day to day
communication with other staff,
management, visitors, contractors and
customers.
• Far too often, mistakes occur, accidents
happen and human relationships fail
because of lack of communication skills.
• Communication whether spoken or written
is simply a way of passing ideas,feelings,
thoughts, instructions and reasons from
one person to another.

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
COMMUNICATIONS 1 OHP 2

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION - Types of


communications fit into four categories:
• Visual (See)  TV, Books, Signals
• Verbal (Speak)  Voice
Radio, Telephone
• Audio (Hear) 
Brail (for the blind)
• Touch (Feel) 
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION - Means is
another word for the ‘tool’ in which you use for
sending or receiving information.

Radio  Loud speaker 


Telephone  Music 
Mail  Pens/pencils 
Voice  Video 
Computer  Signs 
Signals  Fax 
83
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
COMMUNICATIONS 1 OHP 3

PHONETIC ALPHABET- This alphabet was


developed in order to assist in the clarification
of any radio or telephone communications. It
uses words to identify the letters of the
alphabet. All security forces use this
international system of clarification

A- ALPHA J- JULIET S- SIERRA


B- BRAVO K- KILO T- TANGO
C- CHARLIE L- LIMA U- UNIFORM
D- DELTA M- MIKE V- VICTOR
E- ECHO N- NOVEMBER W - WHISKY
F- FOXTROT O- OSCAR X- XRAY
G- GOLF P- PAPA Y- YANKEE
H- HOTEL Q- QUEBEC Z- ZULU
I- INDIA R- ROMEO

Example: My name is spelt ‘Papa Echo Tango


Echo Romeo ( Peter)

84
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
COMMUNICATIONS 2 OHP 1

M. T. P’ S
• HOW TO USE THE RADIO
• TIPS ON USING THE RADIO
• PRO WORDS & PHONETIC ALPHABET
• This lesson is aimed at teaching guards
how to use correct radio procedure. It is
vital that a guard can make his/herself
understood on the radio and that they can
communicate with clarity and without
confusion.
• Talking on radios, unlike telephones, uses
special voice procedures to communicate.
All guards will at one time or another use
a radio and must remember to use the
correct radio procedure. Other people will
be on the same network listening to
everything you say and how you say it.
• Clarity and accuracy of information
passed over the radio are your goals.

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
COMMUNICATIONS 2 OHP 2

HOW TO USE THE RADIO


WHAT ACTION
Pick up the Radio  Hand Held or Microphone
Ensure Radio Is on  Turn on Switch Listen
Press Toggle Button  Speak
Release Toggle  Listen
TIPS ON USING THE RADIO
• Don’t interrupt conversations, wait your turn
• Think first before speaking
• Hold the toggle button down firmly
• Speak slowly, clearly and calmly
• Who is speaking? Base this is Peter speaking, over
• Are you being received?-How do you receive, over
• Pass along accurate information
• Keep your messages short
• Listen very closely to the reply
• If your not sure, ask for a repeat of the message

Remember! Radios only communicate one way at


a time. Either you listen or talk, but you cannot do
both together

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
COMMUNICATIONS 2 OHP 3

RADIO PRO WORDS- There are specific words


used when communicating on radios. Learn them
and use them correctly to avoid confusing
communications
Pro Word Explanation
Over End of my message, your turn.
Out End of message. No reply necessary
Say Again Repeat your last message
Rodger Understood your message
Out to you Finished with you, and wish to talk
to another station.
Stand by/ You are not able to reply now, hold
Wait one on for a few seconds
Strength 5 Receiving you loud & clear
Strength 2 Receiving you poorly
Affirmative Positive /yes
Negative No
 REMEMBER! – The goal of using a radio is to pass
accurate and reliable information. Use your pro
words properly. Remain calm and think carefully
before you speak

87
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
GUARD ADMINISTRATION 1 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• GUARD DRESS & DEPORTMENT
• GUARD ASSIGNMENTS & TIMINGS
• GUARD DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES

GUARD DRESS & DEPORTMENT


All Security Guards, regardless of length of
service, age or gender will wear the guard’s
uniform in the correct manner
Clean & Well Pressed
Loose Threads Will Be Removed
Complete I.E. Whistle, Baton, Lanyard,
Other Clothing Will Not Be Worn
Boots Will Be Polished Daily

Guards represent the image of the Company.


Guards will at all times present a neat
appearance with special attention to personal
hygiene, bearing, uniform and equipment.

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
GUARD ADMINISTRATION 1 OHP 2

GUARD ASSIGNMENT & TIMINGS


• ASSIGMENTS - Guards will have many
opportunities to provide security at a variety of
different locations. The three main areas are:

• RESIDENTIAL  HOMES
• COMMERCIAL  BUSINESSES
• EMBASSIES  GOVERNMENT
As each assignment will be different, ensure
you do the following prior to starting duties:
• Find and Locate all the emergency panic
buttons
• Familiarize yourself with the property. Do
a perimeter/interior patrol
• Read and Understand the post orders
• Check with the client if there are any
special instructions
• Complete a hand over/take over from the
guard you are relieving
• Discuss any points of concern with your
Supervisor

89
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
GUARD ADMINISTRATION 1 OHP 3

• TIMINGS - Nothing is worse than a


relieving guard who turns up late
after you’ve completed a 12 hour
shift in the rain. Be fair to your
fellow guard. Follow the rules below:

• Arrive 15 Minutes Before Your Shift


• Ensure You Have All Your Equipment
• Do a Proper Handover/Takeover
• Find Out If Anything Has Occurred
• Any Special Instructions?
• Complete a Perimeter Patrol Before
the Outgoing Guard Leaves.
• Once Satisfied, Take Over Your
Assignment

 Remember!! – Plan ahead. If you can’t make it


to work, notify the Operations Manager so he can
make other arrangements. Be Fair to your fellow
guard, report to work on time.

90
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
GUARD ADMINISTRATION 1 OHP 4

• DISCIPLINE
All KK personnel from guards to senior Management are
governed by the Codes Of Discipline. The Codes of
Discipline is a book containing punishment awards for
different offences committed while on duty. The more
severe the offence the greater the punishment award.
The Codes of Discipline are the same for all companies
and were created by the Ministry for Trade and Welfare.
They are also recognized and approved by all Unions.

1st Offence Verbal Warning


2nd Offence Written Warning, Signed by
You and Entered Into Your
File for One Year
3rd Offence Second Written Warning,
4th Offence Third and Final Written
Warning
5th
AnyOffence Immediate
criminal offence Dismissal
will result in immediate
dismissal, forfeiture of any pay benefits and/or
arrest and prosecution by the company.
Any repeated offence within the first year may
result in immediate termination of duties

91
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
GUARD ADMINISTRATION 2 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• GENERAL ORDERS
• POST ORDERS
• OTHER ORDERS

General and Post Orders are important


written information documents. They
contain rules and important details about
how guards will perform their duties both
administratively and operationally. Both of
these documents may be changed from
time to time and it is the responsibility of
all guards to ensure they have read the
latest Orders. Failure to read or comply
with the Orders may render you liable to
disciplinary procedures.

92
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
GUARD ADMINISTRATION 2 OHP 2

GENERAL ORDERS
These orders are provided to inform guards about
company policies, rules and regulations that all
guards must adhere to. These orders may
change periodically as policies and rules change.
Standing Orders are always available from the
Operational Manager and duty field Officer. An
example of General Orders are as follows

General Orders Example


• All guards will assembly daily at 1630 for an
inspection parade at the Head Office
• Guards are expected to be at their assignments
15 minutes ahead of duty effective March 3rd 2002
• Guards pay parade is the last Friday of any month
• All guards will report to the office in full uniform
• All guards must fill out a sick leave form prior to
reporting to the clinic
• The Operations Manager is available on
Thursdays only at 1600hrs to discuss problems.
• Guards with pay problems may see the Finance
clerk on Tuesdays between 10am – 12 am

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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
GUARD ADMINISTRATION 2 OHP 3

POST ORDERS
Assignments may have one or many posts that require
security. A post is a position in the assignment
requiring security. Each post may be different from the
others and will require guards to perform specific
duties while at that post. The duties to perform are
listed in the Post Orders displayed at every post you
will guard. Post Orders are a guideline for guards to
perform their duties. They MUST be read. Failure to
do so will have serious consequences.

Post Order Example – FUEL DEPOT GATE


• Gates will open at 0600hrs to company trucks only
• Guards will register time & date of all trucks entering
• All Drivers will hand over ID’s to guards prior to entry
• Delivery note will be handed to guards and all numbers
recorded in Delivery Note Book
• Guards will ensure proper authorizing signature
• All Company staff vehicles prohibited entry
• Gate will close daily at 1630 hrs. Any deliveries after that
time will not be permitted entry
• Depot Gate lights must be switched on at 1800 hrs
• Any problems, contact Mr Kigor on 555-2465 ext 12

94
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
OBSERVATION 1 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• OBSERVATIONS
• DEMONSTRATION EXERCISE

Observation, and how to observe correctly,
is an extremely important skill for the security
guard. Very often the guard is the first and
sometimes the only person to observe
criminal activity which may include people,
vehicles and the actual incident. It is
therefore important to learn how to observe
correctly in order to provide others with
accurate and reliable information during
investigations.

OBSERVATION
Only people commit crimes. If criminals are to
be put in jail, investigators and Police will
require as much detail about them in order to
catch them as soon as possible.

95
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
OBSERVATION 1 OHP 2

When observing personnel start form head to


toe. As many descriptions possible are
important, but look for easy identifiable
distinguishing traits such as limps, scars,
colour or strange features that stand out.

Hair Hair colour? Length? Straight? Curly?


Dread locks? Braids? Bald? Receding?
Scars?
Head Round? Oval? Large forehead? Size?
Face Eye Colour? Eyes Position? Nose Size?
Scars? Lips? Jaw Line? Ears? Acne? Pock
Marks? Moustache, Beard or Shaven?
Build Fat Thin or Muscular? Tall Medium or
Short? Big or Small Shoulders? Big or
Normal Belly? Long Arms? Short Legs?
Big Hands or Feet? Limps? Scars?

Skin Black White or Yellow? Dark, Medium


Light Shades?

96
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
OBSERVATION 1 OHP 3

Other important observations are:

Origin European, Middle Eastern,


Asian, African, Caribbean
Accents Foreign Overseas, National,
Local Dialects,
Language English, French, Arabic,
German, Swahili, Kikuyu
Clothing Hat? Shirt Long or Short
Sleeve, T-shirt? Jacket?
Jewellery? Trousers? Shorts?
Shoes? Running Shoes? Old
or New? Colours of All the
Above
Appearance Age? Dirty? Scruffy? Clean?
Poor or Rich Looking? Well
Organized, Disorganized?
Weapons? Tools?
97
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
OBSERVATION 2 OHP 1

M.T.P’s
• VEHICLE OBSERVATIONS
• AREA OBSERVATIONS

VEHICLE OBSERVATIONS - In cases where vehicles


are used directly or indirectly in a crime, attempt to
observe as many details as listed below.

Make Nissan, Toyota, Mercedes, Etc


Colour White, Green, Black, Silver, Etc
Type Pickup, Saloon, Wagon, 4WD
Model 205, 305, 504 Etc
Doors 2, 4, 5 Door Type
Reg.No KAB 567T, UAD 436P Etc
Drive Left or Right Hand Drive
Marks Dents, Holes, Dirty, Clean,
Direction Last Direction Seen Heading
Persons Number of People in Vehicle
98
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
OBSERVATION 2 OHP 2

AREA OBSERVATIONS – The crime scene


is always the first place investigators visit and
will naturally asked you ‘What Happened’. It
is vital that guards who have observed a
crime remember the sequence of events
accurately.
Who? Give descriptions, number of thugs,
vehicles, names used (if heard)
What? Type of incident – Robbery, Murder, Break
In, Attempts, Materials stolen
When? Exact or approximate time of incident. Date.
Where? Show criminal entry points. Start with
compound entry and move towards building
How? Describe events carefully from beginning to
end (if observed). Give an account of
precisely what you did before and after the
incident. You will be asked to write a
statement of what occurred – Be accurate
Why? Reasons you may know of that may help to
determine why the incident occurred.
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Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
Examples of physical evidence:

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Anything can be evidence:

• Investigators collect & analyse:

• evidence from the body (bullet


wounds or residue)

• evidence from the surrounding


scene (trace evidence such as hairs,
fibres, blood, fingerprints & DNA)

• evidence remote from the scene


(telephone calls & documents)

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Where is it found?

• Evidence is most likely found at the


location(s) within the scene at which
the crime(s) took place and along
any path taken through the scene by
the perpetrator(s) and, possibly, the
victim(s).

But,
Evidence can be found almost
anywhere!

• Consider this statement for the next


topic: Boundaries

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Document everything

• The SO at the crime scene must produce


clear, concise documented information
• Encompassing his/her observations and
actions, as well as all activities conducted
by others

• Must be written immediately.


• Before details are forgotten or
influenced by others

• This documentation is vital in providing


information to substantiate investigative
considerations.

• Must be maintained as a permanent


record
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
Documenting actions - what
• Observations of the crime scene:
• the location of potential evidentiary
material/items within the crime scene
• the location of victim within the crime
scene
• the appearance and condition of the
scene upon arrival

• Conditions upon arrival:


• lights on/off,
• curtains open/closed,
• doors & windows open/closed,
• smells, movable furniture, weather,
• temperature
• personal items
• witness’s?

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Documenting actions – what/who:

• Information/statements:
• witnesses
• victims
• suspects
• bystanders comments
• and other statements
/comments made

• All own actions

• All actions of others.

Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000


Turning over the scene:

• Brief the Crew Commander/Field


officer taking charge
• only opportunity for the next in
command to obtain initial aspects of
the crime scene prior to subsequent
investigation

• Assist in controlling the scene

• Turn over responsibility for the


documentation of entry & exit
(Scene Log)

• Remain at the scene until relieved of


duty
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SURVEILLANCE DETECTION 1 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• WHAT IS IT?
• TYPES AND METHODS
• THE RED ZONE

WHAT IS IT? – Before most crimes are committed, many thugs will attempt to ‘scout’ or observe the premise or target first.
The information they gather will help them to plan a successful criminal operation. Surveillance is one person’s curiosity to
determine the activities of another. Surveillance Detection is the act of determining whether surveillance is being conducted
against a particular person place or thing (target). Surveillance Detection is a defensive measure conducted by an individual or
team to detect and prevent the early stages of crime before they can occur.
 REMEMBER!!
Surveillance - Someone closely watching you or a place.
Surveillance Detection - Learning how to identify who is watching you or a place.

107
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SURVEILLANCE DETECTION 1 OHP 2

• TYPES - There are two primary types of


physical surveillance:
• FIXED SURVEILLANCE – consists of a
static position (building, kiosk, parked
vehicle) that is established to observe
activities of a person or specific location
• MOBILE SURVEILLANCE – Surveillance
activities conducted against a person while
travelling either by foot or vehicle.

• METHODS – The three methods of


surveillance detection are:
• PASSIVE - Discreetly observing your
surroundings looking for suspicious
persons or vehicles
• ACTIVE – A clever plan or action
designed to reveal, spot or locate
suspected hostile surveillance personnel
• TECHNICAL – Surveillance techniques
using electronic equipment

108
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SURVEILLANCE DETECTION 1 OHP 3

THE RED ZONE- All guards on duty, but particularly


those at industrial or Government assignments are at a
higher risk of organized criminal activity. Organized
crime requires information. The information needed often
takes time to collect through careful observation of the
premises. That information is worked into a careful plan
and then the crime is attempted.
The Red Zone is the immediate areas outside the
premise that can be used to hide or disguise potential
criminals while they gather target information through
surveillance activity. Example:


Old Buildings

Target Taxi

Workers
Office Buildings

Kiosk Owner 
 Golfer (Suspect)   Cyclist

109
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SURVEILLANCE DETECTION 2 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY
• TIPS ON HOW TO REACT

• Most guards employed to protect a property
will remain inside the premise. The method
of Surveillance Detection used in this case will
be Passive.
• Other assignments such as Government
Offices or Embassies employ specially trained
Counter-surveillance teams working outside
the premise. They use both the Passive and in
some cases Active methods of Surveillance
Detection.
• In all methods of ‘S.D.’ used, the objective is
to identify who, when, where and how
they are observing you or the premise.
Sometimes they make big mistakes.
• Following is a list of suspicious activities and
clues to help you spot potential criminals
before they commit the crime!

110
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SURVEILLANCE DETECTION 2 OHP 2

SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITIES
Rule No 1 – If they look suspicious and act
suspicious they probably are suspicious. Do Not
leave your post, do Not go and investigate. Notify
your Supervisor immediately.
PEOPLE- Individuals or Groups
• Photographing or using a Video camera
• Observing & taking notes on paper
• Loitering or ‘resting’ near the premise
• Unknown individuals frequently passing by
• Persons staring into the premise at front gate
• Persons observed watching from any side
• Suspicious persons pretending to be workers
• Suspicious persons visiting for no reason
• Groups of young men approaching repeatedly
• People who try to engage you in conversation
• Repeat individuals showing up a key times
• Well dressed persons hanging around
• Anyone you feel is watching you or the premise
• Persons who refuse to give ID at the gate
• Company workers who have no ID

111
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
SURVEILLANCE DETECTION 2 OHP 3

VEHICLES – Many criminals use vehicles to


hide and cover their attempts at observing.
Look for the following suspicious vehicle
activity. Record the vehicle descriptions
accurately and contact your Supervisor.
• Unknown vehicles parked near or outside the
premise for long or short periods of time
• Parked vehicles with occupants who stay inside
• Parked vehicles with dark tinted windows
• Broken down vehicles outside the premise
• Vehicles without license plates near premise
• Vehicles slowing down for no reason
• Suspicious drivers asking for directions
• Unknown company matatus parked nearby
• Known company vehicles parked nearby
• A taxi that takes up a position near the premise
• The same vehicle that passes by many times
• Parked vehicles flashing head lights.

112
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
•IC
TRAINING
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
COURSE
SURVEILLANCE DETECTION 2 OHP 4

TIPS ON HOW TO REACT


When guards think about surveillance detection,
pretend you are playing a very clever game with an
equally determined opponent. To win the game you
have to:

• Observe discreetly at all times


• Don’t make it obvious. Never stare
• If you have to go outside the gate, make sure you
have a good reason; i.e. checking the gate lights,
perimeter fence,
• Do not change your routine. Take the opportunity to
observe the outside surroundings as you patrol.
• Don’t write things down as you observe.

 REMEMBER!! – The one trying to observe is also


trying to win the game. He is trying everything
possible not to look suspicious. Your goal is to win.
If you see anyone at anytime that appears to be
observing, notify your Supervisor immediately, or
press the alarm. If you loose, a crime may take
place, and you will have failed in your duty to
provide protection against loss, theft or damage.

113
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
TERRORISM & CRIMINALITY 1 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• TERRORISTS AND CRIMINALS
• COMMON CHARACTERISTICS
• TERRORIST PROFILE
• COUNTRIES SPONSERING TERRORISM

TERRORISTS & CRIMINALS


THE DIFFERENCE? - All criminals are not
terrorists, but all terrorists are criminals. The
boy who just stole a car is not a terrorist. The
boy who just blew up a car in a crowded area
is a terrorist. Below are the definitions.

• CRIMINALS – Break laws that are


contained in the penal code of the country
• TERRORISTS – Attackers who plan in
advance politically or religiously motivated
violence against non-fighting innocent
targets in order to influence a specific
audience, purpose or cause

114
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
TERRORISM & CRIMINALITY 1 OHP 2

COMMON CHARACTERISTICS

CRIMINALS
• Target and survey the Place to Be Hit
• Money Motivated
• Willing to Kill in the Process but Not
Be Killed
• Hide What They Are Doing

TERRORISTS
• Target and survey the Place to Be Hit
• Politically & Religiously Motivated
• Willing to Kill Himself in the Job
• No Value for Other Peoples Lives
• Hide What They Are Doing

115
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
TERRORISM & CRIMINALITY 1 OHP 3

TERRORIST BOMBER PROFILE


Physical features and mental characteristics cannot
identify a bomber prior to the commitment of a bomb
threat or bombing act. How a person looks or thinks is
not sufficient enough evidence for arrest.
However, what a terrorist says or how he/she acts may
provide sufficient enough suspicion to arrest for
questioning or to raise the alarm.
Look for the following signs and act immediately.

• Un- normal Sweaty or Nervous behaviour


• Rapid eye,hand or body movements
• Short temper, disagreeable or argumentative
• Refusing or failing to answer questions
• Bulges or odd looking shapes under the clothes
• Packages, boxes or large bags accompanying the
person  
• Foreign speaking accents
• Middle Eastern appearance or dress
• Any metal object held in the hands. Thumb on any sort
of button.
• Asking specific questions relating to time and people
• Direct threats relating to bombing or killing

116
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
TERRORISM & CRIMINALITY 1 OHP 4

COUNTRIES THAT SPONSOR TERRORISM


Countries that sponsor terrorism are those
countries that allow terrorists to live in, recruit
and train terrorists and allow other terrorists
to enter and exit freely. In other words,
countries that don’t object to murder,
kidnapping, bombing or hijacking. Countries
that sponsor terrorism are:

• IRAN
• IRAQ
• LIBYA
• NORTH KOREA
• SUDAN
• SYRIA
• SOMALIA

117
Issue No. 001 Revision No. 000
GUARDS BASIC TRAINING COURSE
TERRORISM & CRIMINALITY 2 OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
• MODUS OPERANDI.
• COUNTER SURVEILLANCE MEASURES

Terrorist groups normally plan an attack very carefully


before it is carried out. Some attacks may take years
to plan depending on the nature of the attack. During
this planning session a terrorist group is at it’s most
vulnerable.

As security personnel, it is important to know how


these people think and plan. We have to think like they
do to stop them from carrying out an attack.

Once a terrorist organization decides on a possible


target, the identified target must be reconnoitered and
information is gathered on how to approach the target,
the attack method, escape and evasion routes.

The terrorist attack is normally preceded by lengthy


and thorough surveillance. The purpose is to learn
about patterns, routines, behaviors and weaknesses
associated with the identified target and in particular,
the security at that location.

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TERRORISM & CRIMINALITY 2 OHP 2
TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
A Terrorist Organization Is Usually Made Up of a:

• LEADERSHIP/COMMAND CELL
• SUPPORT CELL
• INTELLIGENCE CELL
• TACTICAL CELL

The Duties Of These Cells Are:

• LEADERSHIP/COMMAND CELL:- In
command of the terrorist group. Usually the
coordinator of the group
• SUPPORT CELL:- Facilitate the logistical
needs of the group. Will provide finance,
equipment, etc.
• INTELLIGENCE CELL:- Collect data about
the target. Observe the target to gather
important information for planning.
• TACTICAL CELL:- Carry out the attack.
These are the suicide bombers, kidnappers,

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TERRORISM & CRIMINALITY 2 OHP 4

COUNTER SURVEILLANCE MEASURES


The following steps should be taken by all
guards to detect and discourage potential
surveillance by terrorists.
• Report the presence of people at bus/taxi stops that
never board a bus or taxi.
• Identify and report people at customer service areas
that loiter and never ask for service
• Report people in the vicinity of facilities/mission areas
that loiter around.
• Identify and challenge maintenance workers that work
on facilities especially if work was not requested.
• Report and do not give info to people who ask for
directions to critical facilities if suspicious.
• Report vehicles parked near facilities or alongside
roads to facilities.
• Report people using video/still cameras, telescopes,
binoculars, to observe facilities.
• Ensure perimeter fences remain clear of people.
• Verify identification and reason for entry especially
with unannounced visitors.

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TERRORISM & CRIMINALITY 2 OHP 3

MODUS OPERANDI
The success of terrorist missions depends on
a number of elements.

• LEVEL OF SECRECY- secrecy enables the


preservation of the element of surprise, critical
for the success of most operations
• THOROUGH RECONNAISSANCE -
thorough reconnaissance enables the group
to plan, often by building a scale model of the
target.
• THOROUGH REHEARSALS - thorough
rehearsals allow the bomber to gain stealth
and speed.
• SUPPORT CELLS - an operational cell
responsible for providing accommodation,
transport, food, clothing and security to the
bomber until he/she reaches the target
• RESIDENT AGENTS - help generate
intelligence information for the operation from
target reconnaissance to surveillance.

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SUICIDE TERRORISM OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• THE THREAT
• HISTORY
• SUICIDE TERRORIST GROUPS
• TERRORIST BOMBER PROFILE
• MODUS OPERANDI

• Suicide bomber Dhanu (dressed in a sandalwood garland) minutes before


blowing herself up and killing former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. She is
wearing a carefully concealed explosive device beneath her dress.

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SUICIDE TERRORISM OHP 2

THE THREAT
• Suicide terrorism is the readiness to sacrifice one's
life in the process of destroying or attempting to
destroy a target to advance a political goal.
• The aim of the psychologically and physically war-
trained terrorist is to die while destroying the enemy
target.

HISTORY
• Suicide bombing is not new. It was used frequently
in World War 2 by Japanese kamikaze Air pilots
against U.S warships.
• More recently, in the 1980’s suicide terrorism was
witnessed in Lebanon, Kuwait and Sri Lanka. In the
1990’s it had spread to Israel, India, Panama,
Algeria, Pakistan, Argentina, Croatia, Turkey,
Tanzania and Kenya.
• Today, with the ease of international travel,
migration of terrorist groups from conflict-ridden
countries have allowed the formation of extensive
global terrorist infrastructures and groups such as Al
Queada. Suicide terrorism is now the fastest growing
international threat facing the United States and its
overseas assets.

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SUICIDE TERRORISM OHP 3

SUICIDE TERRORISM GROUPS


Currently there are 10 known religious
and secular terrorist groups capable of
using suicide terrorism as a tactic.

• Islam Resistance Movement (Hamas)


• Palestinian Islamic Jihad
• Hizbullah of Lebanon
• Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ)
• Gamaya Islamiya (Islamic Group - IG) of
Egypt
• Armed Islamic Group (GIA) of Algeria;
• Barbar Khalsa International (BKI) of India
• Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (L.T.T.E.) of
Sri-Lanka
• Kurdistan Worker's Party (P.K.K.) of Turkey
• Al Qaeda.

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 1

M.T.P’S
• VEST BOMBS
• BRIEFCASE BOMBS
• PIPE BOMBS
• VIDEO BOMBS

This lesson covers the various types of


Improvised Explosive Devices uses by
terrorists. (I.E.D. for short).
The photographs used in this lesson provide
the Security Officer with a view of the many
types of improvised explosive devices and an
idea of the size shape and objects used to
transport bombs.
Never attempt to disarm, open or touch the
contents should you discover a potential
bomb or suspicious device while on duty.
Clear the area immediately contact post 1
and the RSO immediately through the
supervisor.

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 2
• VEST BOMB - Commonly used and preferred
bomb of choice by suicide bombers. Can come in
a variety of sizes and shapes and is often
concealed under loosely worn clothes.

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 3

• BRIEFCASE BOMB

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 4

• MOBILE PHONE TRIGGER DEVICE

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 5

• VEST BOMB WITH HAND HELD TRIGGER

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 6
• BACK VIEW OF VEST BOMB

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 7

• VEST BOMB WITH TWO TYPES OF TRIGGER


DEVICES

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 8

• SWITCH DETONATOR

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 9

• PIPE BOMBS - like the one shown below, are a


common and often used homemade bomb. Once
ignited, the confined inside material produces heat and
gas and the nearly instantaneous build-up of pressure
results in the pipe bomb's explosion.  The metal casing
is torn into thousands of little sharp pieces that travel
at high speed ripping apart everything they come into
contact with.
 

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BOMB REGOGNITION OHP 10

• VIDEO BOMB & X-RAY OF VIDEO – Bombs


can come in many different sizes and clever
disguises such as this video bomb below. All
packages must be sent through the X-ray and
Itemiser machines prior to delivery.

X-RAY
X-RAY IMAGE
IMAGE

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