Best Practices in

Integrating Language
Skills:
Task-based Instruction
Presented by: Irvin John B. Andres
 At the end of the discussion, the audience
will be able to:
1. define what task-based instruction
is; and
Objectives: 2. identify the practices/steps
performed in task-based
instruction.
  Schank (1995) cited the work of John
Dewey titled “Democracy and Education”
which stated:

What’s “Why is it that, in spite of the fact that

with a teaching by pouring in, learning by passive
absorption, are universally condemned, that
TASK? they are still so entrenched in practice? That
education is not an affair of “telling” and
being told, but an active constructive
process, is a principle almost generally
violated in practice as conceded in theory.”
 In terms of language-teaching, a
crucial question must be answered
What’s to determine whether task/task-
with a based may be employed or not:

TASK? “Are we after language acquisition

or language learning?”
  It offers an alternative for language
teacher.

Task-Based  It does not pre-determine what

Instruction language will be studied, the lesson is
based on the completion of a task.
Language to be studied only appears
as the students complete the task.
 1. Pre-task
2. Task
Stages in 3. Planning
Task-based
Instruction 4. Report
5. Analysis
6. Practice
  The teacher introduces the topic and
gives students clear instructions on
what they will have to do at the task
stage.
Pre-task Example: Road Trip
Ask the students to plan a trip for
you and remind them of key
information that must be included in
the trip.
  Let us assume that the task is about
Road trip.
 The teacher may ask the following
Example of questions to get the students in the
a Pre-Task mood for the activity:
 “Where did you go last weekend?”
 “Where would you like to be this
coming weekend?”
  The students complete a task in pairs
or groups using language resources
that they have.

Task Example: Road Trip

Ask the students to begin with the
activity while using resources such as
maps, post cards, and budget
allocation.
  The students will be given time to
prepare an oral or a written report of
what happened during their task.

Planning Example: Road Trip

Give students time to talk to their
group members. The teacher must be
available for questions.
  The students will present their work
to the class.

Example: Road Trip

Report Students must be able to discuss
their outputs in front of their
classmates. After all the reports, the
students can vote for the best trip.
  The teacher will highlight some of key
Analysis language areas observed during the
presentation.
  The teacher selects language areas to
Practice practice based upon the needs of the
students.
 1. The students are free of language
control.
2. A natural context is developed from
Advantages the students’ experiences with the
language that is personalized and
of Task- relevant to them.
based 3. The language explored arises from
Instruction students’ needs.
4. TBI utilizes a strong communicative
approach where students spend a
lot of time communicating.