UNDERSTANDING OF OPTICAL FIBER

Communication over hair-thin strands of glass

Presented By
Rakesh Khunt
 WHAT IS FIBER OPTICS ?

 Transmitting communications
signals over hair thin strands of
glass or plastic
 Not a "new" technology
 Concept a century old
 Used commercially for last 25
years
 TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER

 Monomode step-index fiber

 Multimode step-index fiber

 Multimode grade-index fiber

 FIBER HAS MORE CAPACITY

 This single fiber can

carry more
communications than the
giant copper cable!
 FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS

 Applications include
 Telephones
 Internet
 LANs - local area networks
 CATV - for video, voice and Internet connections
 Utilities - management of power grid
 Security - closed-circuit TV and intrusion sensors
 Military - everywhere!
 WHY USE FIBER OPTICS?

 Economics
 Speed

 Distance

 Weight/size

 Freedom from interference

 Electrical isolation

 Security
 FIBER OPTIC APPLICATIONS

 Fiber is already used in:

 > 90% of all long distance telephony
 > 50% of all local telephony
 Most CATV networks
 Most LAN (computer network) backbones
 Many video surveillance links
 FIBER MATERIALS
 Glass Fibers; It is made by oxide glasses ( Ex; sio2)
 Active Glass Fibers; Two Commonly material Used For
Lasers Are Erbium&Neodymium
 Plastic Optical Fibers; The Core Of These Fibers is
either Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)
 FIBER FABRICATION
 Outside Vapor-phase Oxidation
 Vapor-phase Axial Deposition

 Modified chemical vapor deposition

 Plasma-Activated chemical vapor deposition

 Photonic crystal fiber fabrication

 FIBER TECHNOLOGY

 Optical fiber is comprised of a light carrying

core surrounded by cladding.
 Which traps the light in the core by
the principle of total internal reflection.
 Most optical fibers are made of glass
although some are made of plastic.
 The core and cladding are usually fused
silica glass which is covered by a plastic
coating called the buffer or primary buffer coating
 which protects the glass fiber from physical
damage and moisture.
 ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBERS

 Long distance transmission

 Large information capacity

 Small size and Low weight

 Increased signal security

 Enhanced safety
 LIGHT USED IN FIBER OPTICS

 Fiber optic systems transmit using infrared light, invisible

to the human eye, because it goes further in the optical
fiber at those wavelengths.
THREE TYPES OF MECHANICAL MISALIGNMENTS
THAT CAN OCCUR BETWEEN TWO JOINED FIBERS

 Lateral (Axial)
 Longitudinal(End separation)

 Angular
 FIBER OPTIC CABLE

 Protects the fibers wherever they

are installed
 May have 1 to over 1000 fibers
 FIBER OPTIC CONNECTORS

 Terminates the fibers

 Connects to other fibers or transmission equipment
 JOBS IN FIBER OPTICS

 Designing components
 Manufacturing fiber, lasers, etc.

 Designing systems

 Installing networks

 Training and teaching

 FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATION - OUTSIDE
PLANT
•Workers who install Telephone
and CATV fiber optic networks do
much of their work outdoors, .

•They operate big machines

•Then they bring the ends of the

cables into special trucks or
trailers

•Outside plant installations

require more investment in the
tools and test equipment.
 FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATION
-PREMISES

•Computer and security networks use

lots of fiber which is installed
inside buildings.
•left is in a crowded
telecommunications closet of a bank

•while the right photo was taken in a

computer room in the basement of a
hundred year old college hall.
 FIBER SPLICING(JOINT OF FIBER)
 Fusion splice
 V-groove mechanical splice

 Elastic- tube splice

THANK YOU