RUSSIA AND EURASIAN

CONVERSION ZONE

MR GOLO
MR SHERAZ
MISS UROOSA
CR CHOHAN
HASSAN RAZA
GEOGRAPHY OF
RUSSIA AND
CENTRAL ASIAN
COUNTRIES
RUSSIA
Largest country in the world
Eastern side morning …….. Western side night
Very small population
Government gives every citizen a square kilometer area free
HUGE GEOGRAPHY
Due to cold weather and huge territory no foreign power could ever occupy Russia
According to defense experts
11.3 million soldiers
More then 14 largest military power force needed
Fight more Russian weather as compare to military
Like French Empire and Napoleon Bonaparte
In WW2 Hitler attacked Russia with 3.8 million trops
SEA ROUTE OF RUSSIA
Snow problem
Trade problem
Less deeper sea
Russia travel through Turkey (Part of NATO Alliance)
Try to improve relationship with Turey
THE COLD WAR ERA
Mikhail Gorbachev begin to give more freedom to the Soviet people
1991 USSR divided into 15 independent republics
Armenia, Belorussia, Estonia, Turkmenistan
Ukraine, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Latvia , Lithuania, Moldova
FLAGS OF CENTRAL ASIAN
COUNTRIES
UZBEKISTAN
It is located between the rivers Amu Darya and Syr Darya
Area 447,000km
Bordering connections ( See Map)
It is also double land locked country
UZBEKISTAN
Half of territory covered by desert 75%
The Kyzyl Desert
The Usturt Desert
The Mirzachol Desert
The Aralkum Desert( WORLD LONGEST DESERT)
KYRGYISTAN
Located in the eastern Central Asia
Area 199900km
Border connection
KAZAKHSTAN
Known as Heartland center of Eurasia
Area 224900 km 9th largest country in the world
Surface
26% desert
44% semi desert
6% forest
24% population
Bordering countries
TURKMENISTAN
Land locked country in Central Asia
Area 488099km
Bordering countries
TAJIKISTAN
Mountainous and land locked area
Area 143,100km
93% area covered with mountain
Famous mountains Faun, Alay, Zeravshan
Border
ECONOMY
OF
RUSSIAN
AND
CENTRAL
ASIAN
COUNTRIES
RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Largest country
Ninth most populated
Russian economy 10th largest by GDP
One of the largest produces of oil and natural gas globally
NATURAL RESOURCES
Russia holds the largest amount of natural gas resources in the world
About 1,688 trillion cubic feet of proven gas reserves as of January 2013
More then half of gas reserves located in Siberia
Major of them are
Yamburg
Urengoy
Medvezh
ECONOMIC HISTORY
Fall of the Soviet Economy
Transition to market economy after dissolution of USSR
Russian financial crisis 1998
Recovery and growth 1999-2014
FALL OF SOVIET ECONOMY
Agricultural sector was also hit by the crisis
Industrial output of the Soviet Union was going to the military
Become the largest borrower from the IMF with loan totaling $20 billion
GRAPH OF RUSSIAN
ECONOMY
RECOVERY AND GROWTH
Ruble was devalued which made domestic producers more competitive
After Putin took over Russian GDP doubled from 0.7 trillion to 1.2 trillion USD
After 16 years of negotiation Russian membership to WTO was accepted in 2011
THIS IS RUSSIA …. HUH
FISCAL POLICY MEASURES
SHORT TERM
Maintain steady FDI flow
Create an anti-crisis spending budget
Pact with Middle East countries
FISCAL POLICY MEASURES
LONG TERM
Increase defense supplies
Industrial development
Reduce degree of inequality of income and wealth
KAZAKHSTAN
Land equal to that of Western Europe but one of the lowest population globally
Population 18.2 million
GDP 181.2 billion dollar
Links large and fast growing markets of China South Asia and Russia
NATURAL RESOURCES
Massive reliant on oil gas and other minerals
Primary drivers of country are Chromites Leads and Zinc among others
Also produce Uranium 35% of global products second Uranium reserves deposits
after Australia
NO TITLE
Very developed country
Ranked 13 out of 30 in global retail development index in 2015
Total value of exports was $53.37 billion in 2018
Only oil and gas constituting 59%
MAIN IMPORT/EXPORT
COUNTRIES
Main exports Imports
China 21.0% Russia 31.6%
Russia 9.9% China 26.6%
France 9.3% Germany 6.0%
 Germany 6.9%
 Italy 5.0
TAJIKISTAN
Poorest country in Central Asia
Foreign revenue depended upon exports of cotton and aluminum
On August 21 2001, the red cross announced that a famine was striking Tajikistan
and called for international AID
KYRGYZSTAN
Lowest middle-income country with small economy dominates by minerals and
agriculture
Citizens working abroad
Exchange rate 1 USD = 69 som
TURKMENISTAN
Rich in natural resources
Electricity gas water salt will be subsidized for citizen up to 2030
Car drivers are entitled to 120L of free petrol a month
Busses trucks get 200L
Motor bikes 40L
RICH IN RESOURCES
On 5 September 2006, Turkmenistan threatened to cutoff supplies to Russia
Russia agreed to raise the price from $65 to $100 per CM
China going to become largest buy of gas over the years
Half of the country land planted with cotton
9th largest cotton producer
Exports to Russia Iran China Britain Turkey
 Ukraine Baltic Nations
UZBEKISTAN
Low income economy, Land locked developing country
Agriculture and mining activities are the dominant sectors.
Cotton and gold exports
GDP 51.34 IMF sources
POLITICAL AND
SOCIAL DYNAMICS+
BRIEF HISTORY OF
CENTRAL ASIA
 Contd...
POLITICAL SYSTEM(SOVIET
ERA)
 Single party, socialist republic
 Communist Party of Soviet Union(CPSU), only party
permitted by constitution
 Bolsheviks were the first party attempted to apply
Leninist variant of Marxism
 Congress of soviets was supreme organ acc. to the
Constitution of 1924, article 8
 Replaced in 1936 by "supreme soviets of the Soviet
Union
 Congress of People Deputies and State Council(1989-
1991)
 Through a constitutional amendment made by Gorbachev,
supreme soviet became permanent parliament
GORBACHEV
 CRISIS (1991-1993)
 Seen serious challenges in its effort s to forge a political system
to follow
 October 1993, president Boris Yeltsin used military force to
dissolve paroiament and called for new legislative elections
 A new Constitution, creating a strong presidency was approved
by referendum in December 1993.
 New political system showed signs of stabilization
 Contd...
GLIMPSES OF OCTOBER CRISIS
BORIS YELTSIN
PUTIN ERA(2000-PRESENT)
 Vladimir Putin, United Russia Party
 In 2003 United Russia Party reduced the all other
parties to minority status
 Won the election by 53% votes
 Win the second term( 2004)
 Initial period markedly by the reforms in structure of
Rissian economy
 Putin has firm grip on the country
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
 Federal semi-presidential republic of Russia
 Head of state President
 Multi party system
 Prliament, upper house, Federation council(166) members
 Lower house, state Duma(450) members
 RUSSIAN SOCIETY(SOVIET
ERA)
 Has its roots in peasantry, Russian describe themselves as
"simple people"
 Social stratification during Soviet era
 Czarist era, aristocracy and serfdom
 Communist era was marked by communist party elite
RUSSIAN SOCIETY(POST
SOVIET ERA
Whittling down of Soviet-Era Benefits
Social Stratifications in the Post Soviet Era
Income gap in Russia
Social organizations in Russia
CENTRAL ASIA HISTORY
Great game in Central Asia
Communist party
Authoritarian regimes
Fight for identity
Russians extract raw materials from Central Asia
Unwanted independence 1991
Extremism
CENTRAL ASIAN STATES
 Five states formed after the demise of USSR
 1. Kazakistan, 2. Turkmenistan, 3. Kyrgyzstan, 4. Uzbekistan,
5. Tajikistan
 After 150 years of direct and indirect rule, these states were not
ready for independence
 Increase in violence
POLITICAL SYSTEM
 Since they were not prepared for independennce
 Institutions are weak
 Less freedom to the people
 Mostly leaders are ex-communist party leaders
 Authoritarian regiems
 Risk of radicalization
IMPORTANCE
AND
INVOLVEMENT
IN WORLD
POLITICS
POST SOVIET ERA
In Post-Soviet era, during Yelten years, the Russian Federations possessed neither
the will nor the capabilities to assume a dominant role
Putin wants for Russia a place under the sun
He assumed the office with the aim of redressing precipitous decline of Russia in
Post-Soviet regions
President of Russia
Vladimir Putin
HIGHLIGHTS OF HIS POLICY
Vladimir increasingly sought to expand Russia influence in Post-Soviet Republic
by establishment and strengthening of regional structures
Collective security treaty organization
Shanghai cooperation organization (SCO)
Most important inauguration of Eurasian Economic Union in 2015
HIGHLIGHTS OF HIS POLICY
To better understand hw Russia plans to reclaim its superpower title, it`s worth
individually exploring how Russia is solidifying its position on all four fronts
Military
Political
Social
Economical
 Whether Russia even deserved to be called a “world power” any longer because of
the size of its economy
CONT…
With a defense budget of $44.6 billion Russia is second only to the USA in the list
Politically, Russia`s position is also impressive: as a permanent member of UN
Security Council it has the right vet on every major resolution
It also plays an important role in European affairs and, Russia also has much weight
in the Middle East
In 2011, the Russian economy was a tenth of the size of the size of US economy
and only half that of Britain`s
Defense budget is six times smaller then the US`s and tenth of NATO`S
 Russia will likely continue trying to fill global power vacuums
resulting from Donald Trump’s “America First” foreign policy.
 The United States is facing a Russia that is not, in former
president Barack Obama’s memorable phrase, a mere “regional
power,” but rather one that is actively trying to project its
influence and presence beyond its periphery.
 Russia’s position in Eastern Europe is not as strong as it was
before.
 Ukrainian crisis further proved that US is the only hegemon.
MIDDLE EAST+ EUROPE
 It also plays an important role in European affairs and, Russia
also has much weight in the Middle East.
 Currently it supplies a third of the EU’s gas and oil.
 Sanctions were imposed on Russia after Ukrainian crisis.
 Dependency of Germany and Italy.
 Russian strengthened position in the middle East has come
about not by conversion or infiltration but by invitation.
T-14 Armata
REGIONAL
CONNECTIVITY
GEOPOLITICAL
PROSPECTS OF
THE REGION
GEOPOLITICAL IMPORTANCE
Why the Russia has been playing as a test series between in cross the globe
Economical factors
For the pursuits of power and influence on its neighboring state
Enjoys his geo-strategic significance
GEOPOLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE
How Russia became a formidable player in the global politics in term of plentiful
dimensions?
Remarkable achievement in ARMS production
Major companies and contribution towards economy of Russia
Almaz-Antey $2.24 BILLION
United Air Crayt $6.6 BILLION
Tactical Missile Corporation $7.8 BILLION
United Ship Building Corporation $5.6 BILLION
RUSSIA`S AFFAIRS WITH U.S
Why the US hiding Muller's 700 pages report on supporting the Trump in 2016
election by Masco
Why the President Trump does not come up with sanctions on Russia
Russia engagement of disengagement with its neighboring states when it comes to
national interest
Russia focus on elite power politics by USA
The future of Russia is gloomy
The world has towards multipolarity
Does Russia gives less support to Pakistan
RUSSIAN EXPANSION
Russia is focusing on expanding its leverages towards Central Asia and the Middle
East
Russian foreign policy under Putin follows an imperitistic approved
 Russia's enemity towards Ukraine
THE SECURITY AND SUPPLY IN RUSSIA

The security of Russia certainly is strong and stable

Recent meeting between well-known states China Russia US and Pakistan on
stabilitty Afghanistan, peace , Quadrilateral Coordination Group(QCG)
Peace in Central Asia still unpredictable
 THANK
YOU
For bearing us!