Passive Optical Network

(PON)

By: Sunil Shrestha

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 Overview
1. Introduction
2. Components
3. Operation
4. PON Technologies
5. Advantages
6. PON vs AON
7. Summary

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 Abbreviations
● PON: Passive Optical Network
● OLT: Optical Line Terminal
● ONU(/T): Optical Network Unit(/Terminal)
● ODN: Optical Distribution Network
● AES: Advanced Encryption Standard
● TDMA: Time Division Multiple access
● FSAN: Full Service Access Network
● Physical Layer Operations, Administration and Maintenance
● ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode
● PLOAM: Physical Layer Operation, Administration and Maintenance

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 1 Introduction
● network, by its nature provides a variety of broadband services through
optical fiber
● No active components; instead optical passive components to guide
the traffic throughout the network
● Point to multipoint single path connection using passive splitter
● No dedicated bandwidth; rather multiplexed in a fiber

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What is PON?

Passive Optical Network

Passive Optical
Optical Line Terminal Splitter ONU

ONU

PSTN

Internet OLT Passive Optical

Splitter
ONU

CATV Optical Network Unit

 PON is telecommunications technology that implements a point-to-multipoint

architecture;
 PON consists of Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit (ONU) and
Passive Optical Splitter.
 Its principal element is the optical splitter

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 2.PON Components
PON architecture consists of:

● Optical Line Terminal (OLT) @ provider’s central office

● Optical Network Units (ONUs) or Optical Network Terminals (ONTs)
close to end users.
● Splitters

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 2.1 Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
● @ central office; controls the bidirectional flow of information across
the ODN
● Transmission distance: 20km

Downstream:
● Wavelength 1490 nm for voice and data &1550 nm for video

Upstream:
● 1310 nm wavelength

● Typically 32 splitters per OLT

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 2.2 Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
● @customer’s premises; optical connection on the upstream side &
interface electrically to the customer equipment
● receives data from OLT and convert the optical signal into electrical
● capable of filtering the information associated with a particular user
from the OLT

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 2.3 Splitter
● passive power dividers, allowing communication between the OLT and
ONT
● it allows them to operate without extern power, lowering their cost
● For devices with large number of outputs (> 32) splitters based on
planar technology are used.
● For devices with fewer outputs (<32) splitters based on fused bi-
conical couplers are used.

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 Operation
Downstream Channel:
● dividers responsible for receiving information from OLT and sends to
all their outputs
● ONT of each user filters the information addressed to it. (AES)
● TDM protocol used

Upstream Channel:
● splitters collects and multiplexes information to single output fiber
● Use of TDMA; each ONT sends the information in different time
intervals

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 4 PON Technologies
.

Optical Network PON

Technology ATM Ethernet WDM

WDM
PON type APON BPON GPON EPON
PON

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 4.1 APON (ATM PON)
● first network that was defined by FSAN
● Downstream transmission is a continuous ATM stream @ bit rate of
155.52 or 622.08Mb/s
● Each ATM cell is introduced two more cells (PLOAM), to control the
upstream data transmission & operation of the ONUs

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 4.2 BPON (Broadband PON)
● WDM for downstream transmission
● enhanced security through the churning technique; encryption key is
changed at least once a second between OLT & ONT

● Downlink: 622 Mbps Uplink: 155 Mbps

● Support up to 32 splitters per OLT, and each splitter supports up to 64
ONT

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 4.3 GPON (Gigabit PON)
● Increase in bandwidth and providing security to the own network by
protocol level; (Reliable)
● Symmetric transmission: between 622 Mbps and 2.488 Gbps
● Asymmetric transmission:
Downstream: up to 2.488 Gbps.
Upstream: up to 1.244 Gbps.
● increase in the distance between the OLT and ONTs
 (3times more than BPON & 6 times more than EponS)
● supports 128 splitting ratio per OLT, and each splitter supports a
maximum of 64 outputs to ONT users

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 4.4 EPON(Ethernet PON)
● based on the transport of Ethernet traffic; enables seamless integration
with IP and Ethernet technologies
● allows working directly to Gbps speeds (not a single user speed)
● symmetric speed line of 1 Gbps
● supports up to 16 splitters per OLT, and each divider supports a
maximum of 64 outputs to ONT users

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 4.4.1 EPON Downstream & Upstream

Downstream

Upstream

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 4.5 WDM-PON

● Similar architecture to EPON & GPON; instead of a splitter uses Arrayed

Waveguide (AWG) filter, that separates the wavelengths for individual ONUs
● more bandwidth to each subscriber, more security, and better operational
control(no interference)
● biggest disadvantage: Cost

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 5. Advantages
● 1Gbps speed for <20km distance
● Installation cost
● Longer distance between center office and customer
● No power utilization in OF network as optic splitters used and no down
time risk.
● No need of multiplexers and de multiplexers in the splitting locations
● Easy upgrades to higher bit rates or additional wave length
● Supports a broad range of applications including triple
play(voice,data,video)

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 6. PON vs. AON
Criteria PON AON
Max. distance 20 km 90 km
Bandwidth utilization None Good
Max. connected users 128 for GPON 500
Power needed? None Yes
Power consumption Low High
Security Low High
Reliability High Low
Costs Low High

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 7. Summary

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 Thank you!

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