LEADING

WHAT IS LEADING?
• Leading is that management function which
“involves influencing others to engage in the work
behaviors necessary to reach organizational goals”
• It indicates that a person or group must assume the role
performed by leaders.
 • Leaders are said to be

HOW LEADER
able to influence others
because of the power they
INFLUENCE possess.
• To be able to maintain
OTHERS effective work engineer
managers are required to
perform leadership roles.
POWER
Refers to the ability of leader
to EXERT FORCE to another
 • Legitimate Power .

BASES OF • Reward Power

• Coercive Power
POWER • Referent Power
• Expert Power
 A person who occupies a
higher position has legitimate
LEGITIMATE power over persons in lower
positions within the
POWER. organization.
A supervisor for instance,
can issue orders to workers
in his units
 When a person has the ability to give
rewards to anybody who follows order
or requests, he is said to have reward

REWARD power. Reward may be classified into

two forms

POWER Material – refer to money or other

tangible
Psychic – Rewards consist of
recognition
 • . When a person compels
another to comply with
orders through threats or
COERCIVE punishment, he is said to
possess coercive.
POWER • Punishment may take the
form demotion, dismissal,
withholding of promotion,
etc.
 When a person can get compliance
REFERENT from another because the latter would
want to be identified with the former,

POWER that person is said to have referent

power
EXPERT Experts provide specialized
information regarding their specific
POWER. lines of expertise.
 Power of the Position Power of the PERSON
Based on things leaders can offer to others Based on how leader are viewed by others

REWARD
REFERENT
POWER “If you do what I ask, I’ll give you a POWER
reward” As a person with whom others like to
identify.

Coercion
POWER “If you don’t do what I ask, I’ll
EXPERT
POWER
punish you” As a source of special knowledge and
information

Legitimate
POWER “Because I’m the boss, you must
do I ask.”
 Leadership referred to as “the
process of influencing and supporting
others to work enthusiastically toward

NATURE OF
achieving objectives”
One cannot expects a unit or division to
LEADERSHIP achieve objectives in the absence of
effective leadership. Even if a leader is
present, but if he is not functioning properly,
no unit or division objectives can be
expected to be achieved.
 Personal
Drive

Desire to
Flexibility
Lead

Personal
Creativity
TRAITS OF Integrity

EFFECTIVE
LEADERS

Self-
Charisma Confidence

Knowledge of
Analytic
the Company,
ability or
Industry or
Judgment
Technology
THE DESIRE TO LEAD. Leaders with desire to lead will always have a
reservoir of extra efforts which can be used whenever needed.
PERSONAL INTEGRITY. A person who is well-regarded by others as
one who has integrity possesses one trait of a leader.
According to V.K. Saraf integrity means and includes “honesty,
honour, incorruptibility, rectitude, righteousness, uprightness, and
similar virtues.”
SELF-CONFIDENCE. The activities of leaders require moves that will
produce the needed outputs. The steps of conceptualizing, organizing,
and implementing will be completed if sustained efforts are made.

TRAITS OF EFFECTIVE LEADERS

ANALYTICAL ABILITY. The ability to analyze is one desirable trait that
a leader can use to tide him over many challenging aspects of
leadership.
KNOWLEDGE OF THE COMPANY, INDUSTRY OR TECHNOLOGY.
A leader who is well-informed about his company, the industry where
the company belongs, and the technology utilized by the industry, will
be in a better position to provide directions to his unit.
CHARISMA. Charisma will help the leader in achieving his goals. With
some adjustment, subordinates may be expected to their task willingly.

TRAITS OF EFFECTIVE LEADERS

CREATIVITY. As leaders are tasked to provided solutions to problems
besetting their particular units or divisions, creativity will be a very
useful trait. Problems, are oftentimes, complex and challenging, and if
they are, the leader will need all the creative abilities he has.
FLEXIBILITY. A leader who will adapt a different method from another
person’s method.

TRAITS OF EFFECTIVE LEADERS

 LEADERSHIP SKILLS
Top Management
HUMAN CONCEPTUAL
SKILLS SKILLS
Middle
Management
TECHNICAL SKILLS

Lower
Management
 • Refer to the ability of a leader to deal
with people, both inside and outside the
organization.

HUMAN
• Good leader must know how to get
along with people, motivate them, and

SKILLS
inspire them.
• Apart from motivating, human skills
include coaching, communicating,
morale building, training and
development, help and supportiveness,
and delegating
 • Refers to “the ability to think in
abstract terms to see how parts fit
CONCEPTUAL together to form the whole”

SKILLS
• A very basic requirement for effective
implementation is a clear and well-
expressed presentation of what must
done.
 • Skill a leader must possess to
enable him to understand and
make decision about work

TECHNICAL processes, activities, and

technology.

SKILLS • When a leader has the technical

skill related to his area of
responsibility, he will be more
confident in performing his
function.