TYPES OF

SCHIZOPHRENIA
Daniel Ghossein
INTRODUCTION
 To make the diagnosis, two (or more) of the following criteria must be met: hallucinations,
delusions, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic (mute or posturing)
behavior, or negative symptoms.
 There must also be social or occupational dysfunction. The patient must be ill for at least 6
months.
 Patients with schizophrenia generally have a history of abnormal premorbid functioning.

 The prodrome of schizophrenia includes poor social skills, social withdrawal, and unusual
(although not frankly delusional) thinking.
 Inquiring about the premorbid history may help to distinguish schizophrenia from a psychotic
illness secondary to mania or drug ingestion
INTRODUCTION
 The kinds of symptoms that are utilized to make a diagnosis of schizophrenia differ between
affected people and may change from one year to the next within the same person as the
disease progresses.
 Different subtypes of schizophrenia are defined according to the most significant and
predominant characteristics present in each person at each point in time.
 The result is that one person may be diagnosed with different subtypes over the course of his
illness
PARANOID
Manifestations:
 Paranoid delusions
 Frequent auditory hallucinations “ Typically, the hallucinations and delusions revolve
around some characteristic theme, and this theme often
 Affect not flat
remains fairly consistent over time.”

However, people with this subtype may be more functional in their ability to work and engage in
relationships than people with other subtypes of schizophrenia.
The reasons are not entirely clear, but may partly reflect that people suffering from this subtype
often do not exhibit symptoms until later in life and have achieved a higher level of functioning
before the onset of their illness.
People with the paranoid subtype may appear to lead fairly normal lives by successful
management of their disorder.
DISORGANIZED
Manifestations:
 Disorganized speech
 Disorganized behavior (even emotions)
 Flat or inappropriate affect
 Not catatonic
 These people may have significant impairments in their ability to maintain the activities of
daily living. Even the more routine tasks, such as dressing, bathing or brushing teeth, can be
significantly impaired or lost.
CATATONIC
Manifestations
 Motoric immobility or excessive
 Purposeless motor activity
 Maintenance of a rigid posture
 Echolalia or mimicking the movements of another person

(echopraxia).
“ Echolalia and echopraxia also are seen in Tourette’s Syndrome.”
UNDIFFERENTIATED
Manifestations:
 Delusions
 Hallucinations
 Disorganized speech,
 Catatonic behavior,
 Negative symptoms; criteria not met for paranoid,
 Catatonic, or disorganized
UNDIFFRENTIATED
 The undifferentiated subtype is diagnosed when people have symptoms of schizophrenia that
are not sufficiently formed or specific enough to permit classification of the illness into one of
the other subtypes.
 The symptoms of any one person can fluctuate at different points in time, resulting in
uncertainty as to the correct subtype classification. Other people will exhibit symptoms that
are remarkably stable over time but still may not fit one of the typical subtype pictures. In
either instance, diagnosis of the undifferentiated subtype may best describe the mixed clinical
syndrome.
RESIDUAL
 Met criteria for schizophrenia
 Now resolved ( ex: No hallucinations, No prominent delusions, etc. )
 But

Residual negative symptoms or attenuated delusions, hallucinations, or thought disorder.

A poorer prognosis is indicated by a gradual or insidious onset, beginning in childhood or

adolescence; structural brain abnormalities, as seen on imaging studies; and failure to return to
prior levels of functioning after acute episodes.
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