EARTH’S

OCEAN
 HOW DID THE OCEANS FORMED?

OPERATION
OCEAN
MAKING
ACCORDING TO

ENCHANTED
LEARNING
3.8 billion years ago
 methane (CH3), ammonia (NH3), water
The water on Earth
vapor (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
stayed in gaseous form
until the planet's surface
cooled below 100 degrees
Celsius
 methane (CH3), ammonia
e n s e d i nt o
(NH3), ra i
watern
e r c o nd
at (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
wvapor
WHY ARE THE OCEANS
SALTY?
This very-slightly salty water
flows into the oceans and
So
seas. the remaining
The water
As water flowsininthe
water
oceans
rivers, it
gets
only saltier
leaves byand saltier
evaporating
picks up small amounts of
(and asfreezing
the
mineral timefrom
salts passes.
of the
polar ice),
rocks
butand
thesoil
saltofremains
the riverdissolved
beds
in the ocean - it does not
evaporate.
WHY IS THE OCEAN BLUE?
ACCORDING again TO

ENCHANTED
LEARNING
red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, violet
In deep water, much of
the sunlight is
scattered by the
oxygen in the water,
and this scatters more
of the blue light.
Red Sea often looks red because of red
algae that live in this sea
Black Sea looks almost black because it has
a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide
(which appears black)
Characteristics of the Ocean
70.8% of the Earth's
surface
 How does ocean affects the weather
The
This always-moving
and temperature
heats the land
They moderate
ocean currents the
and
Earth's air during
temperature by
distribute this heat
winter and
absorbing cools
incoming
energy around the
it
solar radiation
duringglobe
summer.
(stored as heat energy)
THE OCEANS
FOUR RECOGNIZED OCEANS (2000)

Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Arctic
 International Hydrographic Organization delimited a new ocean
(Spring of 2000)

Southern Ocean
(it surrounds Antarctica and extends to 60 degrees latitude)
THERE WERE ALREADY FIVE OCEANS

Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Southern Ocean
 OCEAN Area (square miles)

Pacific Ocean 64,186,000

Atlantic Ocean 33,420,000

Indian Ocean 28,350,000

Southern Ocean 7,848,300

Arctic Ocean 5,106,000

Pacific Ocean - an ocean bordering
eastern Asia, northeastern Australia,
Antarctica, and western North and
South America. It is the biggest ocean.
Atlantic Ocean - an ocean bordering
western Europe, western Africa,
Antarctica, and eastern North and
South America.
Indian Ocean - an ocean bordering
eastern Africa, southern Asia, western
Australia, and Antarctic
Southern Ocean - the ocean bordering
Antarctica and extending from 60
degrees latitude.
Arctic Ocean - an ocean around the North
Pole, bordering northern Europe, Asia and North
America. It is the smallest ocean.
STRUCTURE OF THE OCEAN
It has been formed
Continental shelf is from
an undersea
the
extensionofofmud
deposits a continent
and silt carried
which
can stretch
from the interior
for many
of the
miles out to
sea in somebycases.
continents rivers.
Continental slope is a submarine
•This marks the boundary between
geological feature which connects the
continental crust and ocean floor.
continental shelf to the abyssal plain,
•These slopes are the farthest
beginning at a depth of around 460
boundaries of the continents.
feet (140 meters)
It consists ofrise
Continental sediments
is an from
underwater
It
theseparates
continental
the
feature
shelf
continental
found
and slopes
between
slope
that accumulate
fromthe
ocean
continental
atfloor
the bottom
slope
andthe
of theslope.
abyssal plain