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PROBABILITY
11 – ATHENA REPORTER #2
CHAPTER 1:EXPLORING
DATA
LESSON 4:
Level of
Measurement
OVERVIEW
In this lesson we discuss the different levels of
measurement as we continue to explore data. Knowing
such will enable us to the data collection process we
need to employ in order to gather the appropriate
data for analysis.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Level of Measurement
EXAMPLE
e.g. gender, marital status, religious affiliation and number
on the uniforms of a basketball a players.
Examples of the variables measured at the
nominal level include:
Sex
Marital status
Religious affiliation
The numbers used are simply for
numerical codes,and cannot be used
for ordering and any mathematical
computation.
ORDINAL LEVEL
mass
heights
weights
energy
electric charge
With mass as an example, the difference between 120
grams and 135 grams is 15 grams , and this is the same
difference between 380 grams and 395 grams .
A score of zero implies that the students did not get a correct
answer at all.
we have the following levels of measurement
LEVEL PROPERTY BASIC EMPIRICAL
OPERATION
NOMINAL Determination of
No order,distance,or equivalence
origin
ORDINAL Determination of
Has order but no greater or lesser values
distance or unique
origin
INTERVAL Both with order and Determination of
distance but no unique equality of intervals or
origin difference
RATIO Determination of
Has order,distance and equality of ratios or
unique origin means
Identify the level of
measurement for each of the
variable
VARIABLE LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT
Sex
Nominal
Number of Siblings
Ratio
Height ( in centimeters)
Ratio
Age of mother
Ratio
Usual Daily Allowance in School ( Ratio
in pesos)
Usual Daily Food expenditure in
School ( in pesos) Ratio
Usual Number of Text Messages
Ratio
Sent in a Day
Usual Sleeping Time Nominal
1.Objective
2.Subjective
3.Use of existing records
The objective and subjective methods obtained the
data directly from the source.
The former uses any or combination of the five senses
( sense of sight,touch,hearing,taste,and smell) to
measure the variable while the latter obtains data by
getting responses through a questionnaire.
The resulting data from these two methods of data
collection is referred to as primary data.
The data gathered in lesson 2 are primary data and
were obtained using the subjective method.
Secondary data are obtained through the use of existing
records or data collected by other entities for certain
purposes.
For example,when we use data gathered by the
Philippine Statistics Authority, we are using secondary
data and the method we employ to get the data is the use
of existing records.
Other data sources include administrative records,
new articles , internet , and the like
How ever , we must be confident of the quality of
the data we are using by knowing how the data
were gathered.
Also , we must remember to request permission
and acknowledge the source of the data when
using data gathered by other agency or people.
KEY POINTS