Venn Diagrams

A venn diagrams is merely a closed figure and the points of

the interior of closed figure represent the elements of the set
under consideration. Generally, a curve like an oval or a
circle or rectangle is used to represent the sets.

John Venn was a British Mathematician(1834- 1923) who

developed the idea of using diagram to represent sets.

Leonhard Euler (1707- 1783) also used diagrams to

represent sets. So these diagrams are also called a Venn-
Euler diagrams.
These sets can be visualized with circles in what is called a
Venn Diagram.

A
A B
B A B

AB AB
Everything that is in Everything that is in
A or B. A AND B.
Example :

If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} , A = { 1, 2, 5} and

B={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} So A ⊂ B.

This can be represented by venn-diagram as follow :

Venn Diagrams
• Venn diagrams show relationships between sets and their elements

Sets A & B

Universal Set

5 8 2 4
1 3
Venn Diagram Example
Set Definition
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Venn Diagrams
• Here is another one

A B

What is the A′?

Venn Diagrams
• Try this one!

A B

AÈB
100 people were surveyed. 52 people in a survey owned a
cat. 36 people owned a dog. 24 did not own a dog or cat.
Draw a Venn diagram.

universal set is 100 people surveyed Since 24

52 + 36 = 88 so
did not own
there must be
a dog or
88 - 76 = 12
C D 24 cat, there
people that own 12
40 24 must be 76
both a dog and
that do.
a cat.

Set C is the cat owners and Set D is the dog n(C  D) = 76

owners. The sets are NOT disjoint. Some
people could own both a dog and a cat. This n means the
Counting Formula: number of elements
in the set
n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A  B)
Pair in-class-mini-project
• Please pick a student with whom you KNOW you CAN work
and be PRODUCTIVE
• Assignment:
• Develop/Create a book explaining all four Vocabulary words from
the SET THEORY topic (Complement, Union, Intersection, Product).
• Use a self-created example for each concept.
• Your audience - a group of elementary students who learn better
when the teacher utilizes images/drawings.
• Be creative!!! Make sure your work makes sense, you might
have to present it!
Practice:
Types of color
U
black

purple A red

white blue green

Universal set U =
What is the complement of set A?
Set Complement

~A or
A′
• “A complement,” or “not A” is the set of all
elements not in A.

*What the others have that you don’t*

 More Practice:
• U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is the universal set and
A = {2, 3}. What is A′?

U = {a, b} is the universal set and

T = {a}. What is T′?

U = {+, -, x, ÷, =} is the universal set and

A = {÷, =}. What is A′?
Try it with a friend
• Page 197 (26, 27)
• Page 198 (39)
Combining Sets – Set Union
• A B
• “A union B” is the set of all elements that are in A, or B, or both.

• This is similar to the logical “or” operator.

Combining Sets – Set Intersection

A B
•

• “A intersect B” is the set of all elements that are in both A and B.

• This is similar to the logical “and”
Venn Diagrams
• Venn Diagrams use topological areas to stand for sets. I’ve done this
one for you.

A B

AÇB
Examples

A  {1,2,3} B  {3,4,5,6}

• A  B  {3}

• A  B  {1,2,3,4,5,6}