BASIC VOCATIONAL

HYDRAULIC

Hydraulic liquid that use on Hydraulic system must

be has characteristic that according it, so the
Hydraulic liquid can do work well.

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The fuction of hydraulic liquid on hydraulic sistem

• For continous power and preasure

• For lubricant of moving part .
• For cooling of friction part.
• For Avoid rust.
• For drifting chip of.
• For forward of signal

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The hydraulic component has symbol and Its not more

different than pneumatic component. The main
component of Hydralic system is :

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Hydraulic Pump

A component has function to suck hydraulic oil fluid that

will be circulated on hydraulic system. Hydraulic system
is closed cycle, because is the oil fluid be stored in oil
tank. Types of hydraulic pump is :

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Gear Pump

This pump consist of two couple of gear.

Spin of gears that contrary, its cause
vaccum on intake, so oil will be suck on
pump, then it will be compress to outside
with preasure. Hydraulic pump preasure
to reach 100 bar

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Fin Pump

This pump consist of flexiblity fins. If volume

on pump is bigger so its will be decrease of
preasure, hydraulic oil will suck then pass to
compress room. The preasure of oil will
distribute to hydraulic system

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Axial Piston Pump

This hydraulic pump will suck oil through

out piston that move by rotation shaft.
Spin from pump shaft changed to
translation piston move, then compress
and suck stroke happen in turns, so
hydraulic oil flows with continous

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Radial Piston Pump

This Pump consist of pistons that

instal radialy, if rotos spin by eksentric,
so pistons on stator will suck and
compress in turn, its produce oil / fluid
flows continous

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Screw Pump

This pump has two engage rotor that

concave and convex shape, so its can
move oil fluid by axialy to other side. A
both of rotor is identical like a couple of
helix gear

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Hydraulic Actuator

Like on pneumatic system, hydraulic actuator can be hydraulic

cylinder, or hydraulic motor. Hydrolik cylinder move translationaly
but hydraulic motor with rotation. The power of hydraulic actuator
can reach 400 bar or 4x107 Pa

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Double Acting Cylinder

This cylinder will move forward and

backward, its cause by oil flow that to
entering left and right side. Fluid preasure
will pass through piston then its will be
mechanic movement through connecting
rod. Forward and backward movement
use for multipurpose of production
process. Its apply on heavy machine like
boldozer, bego, etc.

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Rotation Actuator

Gear Hydraulic Motor is an instrument to

change fluid flow power to rotation move
Hydraulic Motor has contrary principle with
hydraulic gear. High preasure of hydraulic
fluid flow will pass to turn of gear that stay
in pump. Its will be change to rotation
move for muliti purposes

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Hydraulic System consist of :

1. Power Pack Division

2. Signal Division
3. Signal Processing Division
4. Signal Controlling Division

Power Pack Division consist of :

1. Hydraulic Pump
2. Preasure Regulator Valve
3. Relief valve

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HYDRAULIC SCHEMA

actuator

Signal
processing

signal

(Power Pack)

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Preasure Regulator Valve

Types of Preasure Regulator Valve

1. Preasure Limits Valve,

This valve complete by adjustable spring. Spring will open
when extremely hydraulic preasure, it flows fluid to outside

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HYDRAULIC VALVE

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Hydraulic Reservoir

This component is a part of power pack

unit that has various construction.
There is a cylinder and box shape

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Function of Hydraulic Reservoir

1. For store place of Hydraulic

2. For separating water, air on Hydraulic fluid
3. For reducing heat with spreading heat to around reservoir
4. For placing power pack unit such as : pump, valve, etc

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Baffle Plate

This component has function for separator new from circulation and
hydraulic fluid that will suck by pump. Its has function to circulates a
new fluid in coming for spread heat, and separate from water and air
before recirculate to the pump

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Filter

Its has function to filtering

contamination from hydraulic system

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Types of Filter

Suction filter,
This component are installed in intake port or in tank

Pressure line filter,

This component are installed on preasure port and its has
function to protecting importing components

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Return line filter

This component are installed on

fedback port for filtering dirt to keep
its not entering to the tank.

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Control Element
Regulation ways in Hydraulic system :

1. Input Element that have direct energy from hydraulic pump, then Its
will be passed to processing element

2. Processing Element that processing of signal to final control

element.

3. Final Control Element will directing output by working element. Its

finally result of hydraulic system .

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Based on construction design, valve is classified to :

1. Poppet Valves

• Ball Seat Valves

• Cone Popet Valves
• Disc Seat Valves

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2. Slide Valves

• Longitudinal Slide
• Plate Slide (Rotary Slide Valves)

Based on function, valve is classified :

1. Directional Control Valves

2. Non Return Valves
3. Pressure Control Valves
4. Flow Control Valves
5. Shut-Off Valves

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HYDRAULIC FLUID

VISCOSITY

Hydraulic liquid must have sufficient viscosity. If viscosity too low

so oil film is not to maintain of friction, so if viscosity too thick,
the power of pump will heavy to against of fluid viscosity force

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Index of Viscosity

With a well viscosity index so hydraulic fluid will stabilities to use

on system with fluctuative on work temperature.

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Flame Resistant

Hydraulic system often operates in flammable place or close by fire,

so It needs a Flame Resistant liquid.

Foaming

If hydraulic liquid have many foam so its cause many bubble. In the
hydraulic liquid it make compressable and it will reduce power
transfer. Foam possible to create hydraulic liquid be flammable

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Cold Resistant

Hydraulic liquid must unfrozen if operates in cool

temperature. its for reducing block by frozen Hydraulic liquid.

Rust Resistant

Hydraulic liquid must prevent for rust, so hydraulic

construction have long life time

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Hydraulic oils

Based on DIN 51524 dan 512525 hydraulic oil classified three type :
1. Hydraulic oil HL
2. Hydraulic oil HLP
3. Hydraulic oil HV

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Code example with letter for above have means :

code : HLP 68 have means :

• H = hydraulic oil
• L = additive code for increasing oil life time
•`P = additive code for increasing load receive ablity
• 68 = oil viscosity grade

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Table of types low flammability hydraulic liquid

No Pada Lembar Standar Percentage (%)

Code Composes
VDMA kandungan Air

HFA 24320 Oil-water emulsion 80-98

HFB 24317 Water-oil emulsion 40

HFC 24317 Hydrolis solusion, e.g : water 35-55

glyco

HFD 24317 Anhydrolis liquid, e.g : 0-0.1

phosphate ether

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Table of comparation types hydraulic liquid

Type of Fluid
Petrol Oil Water Phosphor Oil-in Water Oil Synthetic
Glyc Ester
ol

Free resistance P E G F F

Viscosity lemp. G E F G F-G

Properties
Seal compatibility G E F G F

Lubricating E F-G E F-G E

quality
Temp. range (oC) 65 50 65 50 65
above ideal
Relative cost 1 4 8 1.5 4
comp. to oil

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