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WELCOME TO
OUR PRESENTATION
Case
1 NOW WE ARE WITH…
Ed<1: Inelastic
Price TR TR TR
Decrease
Final
Decision
Elastic= Cut Down Price
Nousheen Nawar
ID: 22-086
Case 2 Scenario
Near-Empty Off-Season
Restaurant Miniature Golf
Consideration
Price
Fixed costs
• Not relevant
Fixed
• Sunk costs in the Costs
short run
Price
Variable
Costs Quantity
-Variable Costs
• Relevant
• Include costs of
running
Quantity
DECISION
Super Normal Profit Loss
MC
Price
Price
AC MC
AC
Quantity Quantity
Sumaiya Siddique
ID: 22-122
Situation Analysis
Monopoly Drugs vs Generic Drugs
Situation 1
Government Grants Patent which Results in
Monopoly Drugs
Situation 2
Pricing Strategy During Monopoly Period
Situation 3
i. Pricing Strategy after Patent Period & Generic
Drugs
ii. Controversies about Product Differentiation
Situation 1
Creation of Monopoly Drugs
1 2 3 4
Findings To
Resulted Encourage
Extensive in Further Results in
Research Done Developm Research Monopoly
by a Particular ent of Life- Governme Drugs
Firm Saving nt Grants
Drugs Patent
17
Situation 2
Price,
Cost,
Marginal
Monopolist’s Mission= Profit Revenue
Maximization
Profit is Maximized when; CS Deadweig
FOC; MR=MC P-Price ht Loss
SOC; P>ATC
PS
Excess Capacity= Deightweight
Loss MC-
Marginal
Cost/ ATC
Quantity
Q- MR-
D-Demand
Marginal
Quantity Curve
Revenue
Situation 3
i. Pricing Strategy after Patent Period & Generic
Drugs
Price,
Cost,
Marginal
Revenue
To Enjoy the Super Natural Profit
More Firms Will Enter Into the
Industry
So, the firms will charge the
price where,
MC-
D=MC, P-Price Marginal
Cost/ ATC
&
Quantity
P=Market Equilibrium Q- D-Demand
QuantityCurve
Situation 3
ii. Controversies about Product Differentiation
Price,
Cost,
Marginal
Revenue
Miskatul Al Arafat
ID: 22-149
OPEC & The World Oil Market
Organization of Petroleum Overview
OPEC Overview
Set up in 1960
Principal Aim- 'coordination & unification of
petroleum policies of member countries ‘
40% of the world's crude oil production
EFFECTS of Cartelization
During 1970
Power of price setting shifted from MNC oil companies to
OPEC
1975-1985
Oil production increased from 48% to 71%
OPEC price policy
$33
Banned
Advertising
1960 20%
Allowed
Advertising
$26
Case
5
O Competition Reduces
Fosters Competition
T
Allowing
Advertiseme S Initially Started companies can reach to
the customers
nt