FUTURE TENSES

Apostila 3 – Modulo 09
 FUTURE TENSES

 Futuro  de acordo com o que se quer

mostrar:
Plans, intentions, predictions, scheduling,
requests.
Descrevem ações que estão para
acontecer mais tarde no mesmo dia, ou
num futuro próximo ou distante.
 WILL FUTURE / SIMPLE FUTURE /
WILL (WILL + INFINITIVE)
 Affirmative: In the future people will live on the
moon.(No futuro as pessoas morarão na lua)
 Negative: In the future people won’t live on the
moon.
 Interrogative: Will people live on the moon, in the
future?
 Short answers: Yes, they will. No, they won’t.
 Mesma forma para todas as pessoas: I / You / He / She
/ It / We / They will / won’t travel
 Podem-se usar expressões tais como: Maybe, Perhaps,
Probably, I think, it's possible + will
I) Incerteza – o que você acha que irá acontecer
Sílvio Santos will be the next president of Brazil. (Sílvio
Santos será o próximo presidente do Brasil)
I think Maria will phone me.
(Eu acho que a Maria irá me ligar)
 OTHER POSSIBILITIES:
a) não há certeza mas uma simples possibilidade
MAY / MIGHT / COULD - The weather may /might / could
be better later tonight. (O tempo poderá estar melhor mais
tarde);
b) não há certeza, mas existe uma esperança: The weather
will probably be better tonight. (O tempo provavelmente
estará melhor à noite)
II) Offer (oferecer)
 I’ll help you with the books. (Eu te ajudarei com os livros)
 I’ll open the window for you. (Eu abrirei a janela para você)
 Shall I / we carry the chairs? (use ‘shall’ somente com ‘I’ e ‘We’) (Posso /
Podemos carregar as cadeiras?)

III) Requests (pedidos)

 Will you please help me carry this? (Você me ajudaria a carregar isto?)
 Will you please not smoke? (Você poderia não fumar?)
 OTHER POSSIBILITIES:

 Could you help me carry this?, Would you carry this please?, Why don’t
you help me carrying this? (Por que você não me ajuda a carregar isto?)
 Would you mind not smoking? (Você se importa em não fumar?) 
Could you not smoke? Would you not smoke? (Você poderia não fumar?)
IV) Prediction without evidence (prever o futuro sem evidência)
 James will stop smoking soon. (James irá parar de fumar logo)
 Flamengo will win the championship in 2009. (Flamengo vencerá o
campeonato de 2009)
V) Promise (promessa)
 Ok, I’ll clean my room. (Ok, eu limparei o quarto)
 We’ll build new houses for the poor. (Nós construiremos novas casas para os
pobres)
VI) Decision at the moment we speak (decisão no momento da fala)
 Hmm, I’ll have an ice cream. (Hmm, eu vou tomar um sorvete).
 Look, I still have R$ 2,00. I’ll buy some candies. (Olha, eu ainda tenho
R$2,00. Comprarei algumas balas)
VII) usar - let us or let's – no lugar de fazer uma pergunta:
 Let's go to the cinema this evening! (= Shall we go to the cinema this
evening?) = Vamos ao cinema?
 Let's eat our lunch now! (= Shall we eat our lunch now?) = Vamos comer
nosso almoço agora?
 GOING TO [VERB TO BE (AM / IS /
ARE) + GOING TO + INFINITIVE]

Affirmative: I’m going to see the Olympic Games in China.

She’s going to see the Olympic Games in China.
They’re going to see the Olympic Games in
China.(Eles irão ver os jogos Olímpicos na China)
Negative: I’m not going to see the Olympic Games in China.
She isn’t going to see the Olympic Games in China.
They aren’t going to see the Olympic Games in China.
Interrogative: Is she going to see the Olympic Games in China

Short answers: Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.

 I) Plans
 I’m going to travel to Rio. I’ve checked all prices. (Eu vou
viajar para o Rio. Já chequei todos os preços)
 She isn’t going to travel with me. Maybe, she’ll be working.
(Ela não vai viajar comigo. Talvez ela esteja trabalhando)
II) Predictions with evidence
 Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. (Olhe aquelas
nuvens. Vai chover)
 Shh, cross the street. There’s a huge dog over there. It’s
going to bite us. (Shh, atravesse a rua. Há um enorme
cachorro logo ali. Ele vai nos morder)
 That girl is wearing a wedding dress. She’s going to get
married. (Aquela moça está vestindo um vestido de noiva.
Ela vai se casar)
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE
ARRANGEMENTS
[VERB TO BE (AM / IS / ARE) + VERB (+ING) ]

 Affirmative: I’m seeing my mother next Saturday.

(Eu verei minha mãe no próximo sábado.)
 Negative: She isn’t working next week.
(Ela não trabalhará na próxima semana.)
 Interrogative: Are you travelling to São Paulo this year?
 Short answers: Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.

 Certeza quanto ao fato que irá ocorrer;

 usar time expressions: next week / year
Who makes it, has no need of it.
Who buys it, has no use for it.  A coffin
Who uses it can neither see nor feel it. 
What is it?

Which creature walks on four legs in the morning, two

legs in the afternoon, and three legs in the evening? Man

What can travel around the world while staying in a

corner?
A stamp
What gets wetter and wetter the more it dries?
A towel
Paul's height is six feet, he's an assistant at a butcher's
shop, and wears size 9 shoes. What does he weigh?

There was a green house. Inside the green house there Meat
was a white house. Inside the white house there was a
red house. Inside the red house there were lots of
babies. What is it?
Watermellon
You're the pilot of an airplane that travels from New York
to Chicago - a distance of 800 miles. The airplane travels Your name!
at 200 m.p.h. and makes one stop for 30 minutes. What is
the pilot's name?

A rope-ladder is hanging over the side of a ship. The

ladder is 12 feet long, and the rungs are one foot apart. Forever... The boat
The lowest rung is resting on the top of the ocean. The rises with the tide!
tide rises at the rate of four inches per hour. How long
will it take before the first four rungs of the ladder are
under water?

A dog had 3 puppies, named Mopsy, Topsy and Spot.

What was the mother's name.  WHAT!

If you have me, you want to share me. If you share me,
you haven't got me. What am I? A secret.

How many of each species did Moses take on the ark

with him? None, Moses
wasn't on the
ark Noah was.
MODAL VERBS
Apostila 3 – Modulo 09
 MODAL VERBS
Cada um será usado em situações específicas, ex: dar conselho, criticar, expressar incerteza, etc.
Normalmente usamos modal + infinitivo.
Não são usados em todos os tempos; normalmente seguidos de infinitivo; possuem a mesma forma
para todas as pessoas; nem todos possuem (-);não precisam de auxiliares

1. SHOULD Dar conselho You should stop smoking.

SHOULDN’T (should + (Você deveria parar de fumar)
OUGHT TO infinitivo )
Criticar You should’ve booked the book to study.
(should have / (Você deveria ter reservado o livro para estudar)
shouldn’t have+ You shouldn’t’ve written those emails.
particípio) (Você não deveria ter escrito aqueles emails).
2. MAY / Incerteza, pode I might go to the party. (Talvez eu vá à festa)
MIGHT ou não She might have done her homework earlier.
acontecer. (Ela poderia ter feito a tarefa mais cedo).
3. CAN Habilidade / I can play the piano.
capacidade She can go to the cinema after dinner.
/ (Ela pode ir ao cinema após o jantar).
permissão / - passado de can: could; was/were able to
pedido -Future: will be able to.
4. COULD Habilidade / I could dance tango very well.
permissão / She could go to the cinema after dinner.
probabilidade/ I could work until late if she had given me the key.
pedido educado (Eu poderia trabalhar até tarde se ela tivesse me
dado a chave).
Could you open the door, please?
5.MUSTN’T proibição She mustn’t go out. (Ela não pode sair).
/ CAN’T She mustn’t have taken the umbrella with her.
(Ela não deveria ter levado a sombrinha com ela).
6. WOULD condicional I would study more if I had time available
(Eu estudaria mais se tivesse tempo disponível).
I would have studied more if I had had time
available. (Eu teria estudado mais se eu tivesse tido
tempo disponível).

7. NEEDN’T Sem You needn’t buy any fruit, we have a lot.

necessidade (Você não precisa comprar frutas, nós temos
muitas).
8. MUST Obrigação I must study for vestibular.
interna / (Eu devo estudar para o vestibular).
Necessidade
pessoal / She must clean her house.

Dedução (+ be) She must be a doctor.

9. HAVE / Obrigação I have to work on Saturdays.
HAS TO externa She has to clean the house everyday.
You have to wear a uniform.

10 DON’T / Ausência de You don’t have to wear a uniform.

DOESN’T obrigação She doesn’t have to work on Saturdays.
HAVE TO

11 SHALL Futuro/ Shall we go now?

sugestão/ I shall see you tomorrow.
convite
12 USED TO Hábito She used to be a rebel.
no passado
OUTROS
UFAC- 2011

1) On the first square, the expression

“getting on my nerves”, means:
a) Making me very happy.
b) Falling in Love.
c) Making me very angry.
d) Making me very sad.
e) Insisting very much.

2) “Wanna” in the second square is

used in informal language, during
conversation. It is the short form of:
a) Want for.
b) Want up.
c) Want of.
d) Want to.
e) Want off.
SAYINGS / PROVERBS
 A stitch in time saves NINE
 A word to the wise is ENOUGH
 A bird in the hand is worth two in the BUSH
 Bad news travels FAST
 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy
, wealthy, and WISE
 Everything comes to him who WAITS
 Every dog has his DAY
 First things FIRST
 He who laughs last laughs LONGEST
 Minicurso ENEM
A Língua Inglesa está relacionada, na matriz de 2009 do Enem, com o Eixo cognitivo I, que se
refere ao Domínio de Linguagens:
I. Dominar linguagens (DL): dominar a norma culta da Língua Portuguesa e fazer uso das
linguagens matemática, artística e científica e das línguas espanhola e inglesa.
 
O Eixo cognitivo é composto por competências. No caso da Língua Inglesa, a competência a que
se deve atentar é a de número 2:
 
Competência de área 2 – Conhecer e usar língua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s) como
instrumento de acesso a informações e a outras culturas e grupos sociais.
 
Essa competência engloba quatro diferentes habilidades:
 
H5 – Associar vocábulos e expressões de um texto em LEM ao seu tema.
H6 – Utilizar os conhecimentos da LEM e de seus mecanismos como meio de ampliar as
possibilidades de acesso a informações, tecnologias e culturas.
H7 – Relacionar um texto em LEM, as estruturas linguísticas, sua função e seu uso social.
H8 – Reconhecer a importância da produção cultural em LEM como representação da diversidade
cultural e linguística.

Pré-ENEM Frei Seráfico

 Minicurso ENEM
Outros eixos cognitivos:
2 - Compreender fenômenos – Construir e aplicar conceitos das várias áreas do conhecimento
para a compreensão de fenômenos naturais, de processos histórico-geográficos, da produção
tecnológica e das manifestações artísticas.

3 - Entender situações-problema – Selecionar, organizar, relacionar, interpretar dados e

informações representados de diferentes formas, para tomar decisões e enfrentar situações-
problemas.

4 - Construir Argumentações – Relacionar informações, representadas em diferentes formas, e

conhecimentos disponíveis em situações concretas, para construir argumentação consistente.

5 - Elaborar propostas éticas – Recorrer aos conhecimentos desenvolvidos na escola para

elaboração de propostas de intervenção solidária na realidade, respeitando os valores humanos e
considerando a diversidade sociocultural.

Pré-ENEM Frei Seráfico

Traduzindo Minicurso ENEM
H5 – Associar vocábulos e expressões de um texto em LEM ao seu tema.
Identificar e interpretar. Conhecimento: memorização de fatos específicos, de padrões
de procedimento e de conceitos.

H6 – Utilizar os conhecimentos da LEM e de seus mecanismos como meio de ampliar

as possibilidades de acesso a informações, tecnologias e culturas.
Aplicar. Aplicação: utiliza o aprendizado em novas situações

H7 – Relacionar um texto em LEM, as estruturas linguísticas, sua função e seu uso

social.
Confrontar; estabelecer relações. Análise: de elementos, de relações e de princípios de
organização. Síntese: estabelece padrões.

H8 – Reconhecer a importância da produção cultural em LEM como representação da

diversidade cultural e linguística.
 Julgar. Avaliação: julga com base em evidência interna ou em critérios externos.

Pré-ENEM Frei Seráfico

President Obama arrived in Brasília on March 19. He met with Brazil's president Dilma Rousseff for
the first time at the Palácio do Planalto. Obama aimed to bolster the trade relationship between the
United States and Brazil. On March 20, he traveled to Rio do Janeiro and spoke to a crowd at
the Theatro Municipal. He visited the favela Cidade de Deus, one of Rio de Janeiro's most
impoverished and famous neighborhoods. He then went with his family to visit the Christ the
Redeemer statue. During his trip to Brazil, Obama made two public speeches in which he spoke
about “colonialism, human freedom and the American Dream.”
Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org.
Accessed on: May 24, 2011 (Adapted)

O presidente dos estados Unidos, Barack Obama, visitou pela primeira vez o Brasil no dia 19 de
março de 2011. Ele foi recebido pela presidente Dilma Rousseff no Palácio do Planalto. Em sua
visita, Obama tinha como principal objetivo
a) Fortalecer as relações comerciais entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos da América.
b) Palestrar sobre colonialismo e o American Dream no Theatro Municipal do RJ
c) Conhecer e parabenizar a primeira mulher presidente do Brasil, Dilma Rousseff.
d) Descansar e conhecer o Cristo Redentor e o Pão de Açúcar com sua família.
e) Conhecer a Cidade de Deus e discutir programas de combate à pobreza no Brazil.

Eixo Cognitivo: I = Dominar Linguagens

Competência de área: 2 = Conhecer e usar língua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s) como instrumento
de acesso a informações e a outras culturas e grupos sociais.
Habilidade: 7 = Relacionar um texto em LEM, as estruturas linguísticas, sua função e seu uso
social.
Eixo Cognitivo: I = Dominar Linguagens
Competência de área: 2 = Conhecer e usar língua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s) como instrumento de acesso a
informações e a outras culturas e grupos sociais.
Habilidade: 8 = Reconhecer a importância da produção cultural em LEM como representação da diversidade
cultural e linguística.
 12/06/2013

Apostila 3 – Modulo 10

PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST

PERFECT TENSES
 PRESENT PERFECT (HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPLE)
I ‘ve I haven’t worked in France.
You You done the activity.
We worked in France. We
They done the activity. They
He ‘s He hasn’t
She She
It It

&
Have I worked in France? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
You done the activity?
We
They
Has He Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
She
It

Contractions ’ ve = have ’s = has

haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not
 my experiences

I was born now

present perfect
1) experiências passadas; sem tempo definido
2) ações que começaram e continuam no presente  SINCE / FOR
 I’ve known him for ten years. / I’ve worked here since 2001.
• Question: How long...?
 but: He’s been a teacher for 10 years. / He was a teacher for ten years.
How long has he been a teacher? / How long was he a teacher?
3) yet, already, just, ever, always, never
 I haven’t done my homework yet.  Have you ever been to Canada?
 He’s already done his homework.  She’s just done her homework.
 I’ve always wanted to be a doctor.  They’ve never thought about
getting married.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(have / has + been + verb-ing):
I I
You You
We ‘ve We haven’t
They been working in France. They been working in France.
He ‘s been doing the activity. He hasn’t been doing the activity.
She She
It It

&
I
You
Have We
They been working in Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
He France? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
Has She been doing the activity?
It
Para que se usa:
 para enfatizar a duração de uma ação que começou no passado e que continua no
presente:
e.g.: She's been working all day and she's obviously very tired.
(começou de manhã e ainda não parou)
 para descrever uma ação que começou no passado e terminou no passado, mas que
durou muito tempo e que tem efeitos no presente:
e.g.: What happened? Are you sad? No, I’ve been peeling onions.
school. (foi uma semana cheia de trabalho e por isso ele não quer falar disso)
 para descrever uma ação que nos causa irritação ou fúria:
e.g.: You've been wearing my t-shirts again! You know I don't like that!
(quem fala está irritado)
 
 Com o present perfect continuous usam-se as mesmas expressões temporais do que
com o present perfect:
how long...? (há quanto tempo...?)
for (há)
since (desde)
lately (ultimamente)
recently (recentemente)

Next: The Past Tense – módulo 7

 PAST PERFECT (HAD + PARTICIPLE)
 Expressa uma ação que aconteceu antes de outra no passado simples (de duas ações passadas é
a que acontece em primeiro lugar).

 É comum vir acompanhado de conjunções como before, after, when:

 When I called up Sue, Ralph had just left.
(Ralph saiu antes de eu chamar Sue.)

 They had already cooked dinner before I got there with a pizza.
(O jantar já estava pronto quando cheguei com a pizza)

 Veja o seguinte exemplo: Sarah arrived at the party.

Este é o ponto de partida da nossa história. Se quisermos falar de coisas que aconteceram antes
desse tempo, usamos o past perfect:

 When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.
(Paul foi embora para a casa antes de Sarah chegar a festa.)
"Stereo Love"
When you gonna stop breaking my heart?
I don't wanna be another one,
Paying for the things I never done.
Don't let go, don't let go to my love.
Can I get to your soul?
Can you get to my thoughts?
Can you promise we won't let go?
All the things that I need.
All the things that you need.
You can make it feel so real.
'Cause you can't deny,
You've blown my mind.
When I touch your body,
I feel I'm losing control.
'Cause you can't deny,
You've blown my mind.
When I see you baby,
I just don't wanna let go.
When you gonna stop breaking my heart?
I don't wanna be another one,
Paying for the things I never done.
Don't let go, don't let go to my love.
I hate to see you cry,
Your smile is a beautiful lie.
I hate to see you cry,
My love is dying inside.
I hate to see you cry,
Your smile is a beautiful lie.
I hate to see you cry,
My love is dying inside.
I can fix all those lies.
Oh, babe, oh babe, I run, but I'm running to you.
You won't see me cry, I'm hiding inside.
My heart is in pain but I'm smiling for you.
Oh baby, I'll try to make things right.
I need you more than air when I'm not with you.
Please don't ask me why, just kiss me this time.
My only dream, is about you and I.
Can I get to your soul? (…)
'Cause you can't deny,
You've blown my mind.
When I touch your body,
I feel I'm losing control.
'Cause you can't deny,
You've blown my mind.
When I see you baby,
I just don't wanna let go.
When you gonna stop breaking my heart?
I don't wanna be another one,
Paying for the things I never done.
Don't let go, don't let go to my love.
I hate to see you cry,
Your smile is a beautiful lie.
I hate to see you cry,
My love is dying inside.
I can fix all those lies (…)
Oh, baby, I'll try to make things right
I need you more than air, when I'm not with you
Please, don't ask me why, just kiss me this time
My only dream is about you and I.
 FGV – 2010 – (p.17) Petrobras approves first offshore heavy oil development

Petrobras has approved the development project for its Siri field in the Campos basin, according to a
news report from Brazil. The field will be the first in the world (1) extra heavy oil from an
offshore site. Siri field, off the coast of Southeast Brazil, (2) in production tests since March and
the company plans to contract production equipment in 2011.
www.ogfj.com
Assinale a alternativa que completa, correta e respectivamente, cada lacuna no texto.
01.
a) the product b) in production c) will produce d) is produced e) to produce

02.
a) would have seen b) had been c) were done d) has been e) was going

Resolução1:
A questão pede para o aluno preencher a
lacuna com a expressão correta.O aluno
deveria completar o trecho com o verbo no
Infinitivo to produce, considerando que
substantivos (no caso, world) atraem um
verbo no Infinitivo, caracterizando uma
questão que envolve o conhecimento de
Regência Verbal. Alternativa E
Resolução2:
A lacuna (2) apresenta um caso típico
de estrutura de Present Perfect,
podendo ser identificada pela
expressão since March. A única
forma que contempla a resposta
correta é has been (tem sido).
Alternativa D
FUVEST – SP – 2005 – (p. 17)
Making a connection:
Phones are a way of getting together

Christoph Oswald has no problem approaching women. As he makes his way through the
crowd at his favorite Frankfurt club, his cell phone scans a 10-meter radius for “his type”:
tall, slim, sporty, in her 30s−and, most important, looking for him, a handsome 36-year-
old software consultant who loves ski holidays. Before he reaches the bar, his phone
starts vibrating and an attractive blonde appears on its screen. “Hi, I’m Susan,” she says.
“Come find me!” Christoph picks her out of the crowd, and soon they’re laughing over a
drink.
Both Christoph and Susan have phones equipped with Symbian Dater, a program that
promises to turn the cell phone into a matchmaker. By downloading Symbian, they
installed a 20-character encrypted code that includes details of who they are and what
they’re looking for in a mate. Whenever they go out, their matchmaking phones sniff out
other Symbian Daters over the unlicensed, and therefore free, Bluetooth radio frequency.
If profiles match up, the phones beep wildly and send out short video messages.

(NEWSWEEK, JUNE 7 / JUNE 14, 2004)

1 The passage tells us that at his favorite Frankfurt club, Before he reaches the bar, his
Christoph Oswald phone starts vibrating and an
a) phones his girlfriend and asks her to join him for a drink. attractive blonde appears on
b) meets a woman who had left him a phone message the day before. its screen. “Hi, I’m Susan,”
c) has some difficulty spotting attractive women in the crowd. she says. “Come find me!”
Christoph picks her out of the
d) receives a video message from a woman he has never met before.
crowd, and soon they’re
e) gets several calls from women on his cell phone. laughing over a drink.

2 According to the passage, Symbian Dater is a program that

a) connects cell phones to radio stations. Symbian Dater, a program
b) makes it possible to restrict the acceptance of calls on a cell phone. that promises to turn the cell
c) is installed in a cell phone to make it look for its owner’s perfect phone into a matchmaker. By
mate. downloading Symbian, they
d) installs a code in cell phones in order to prevent them from being installed a 20-character
used by strangers. encrypted code that includes
e) is still unlicensed because it has to be perfected. details of who they are and
what they’re looking for in a
3 In the passage, the correct translation for “picks her out” (line mate.
16) is
a) sorri para ela. b) espera por ela. c) reconhece-a.
d) segue-a. e) acena para ela.

4 We can conclude from the passage that Christoph Oswald

a) wants to meet new people. b) is not pleased with his cell phone.
c) does not like outdoor activities. d) is a rather shy person.
e) needs company for a ski holiday.
UNIRIO – 2006 The Future of Humankind
“Radical Evolution: the promise and peril of enhancing our minds, our bodies — and what it
means to be human,” by Joel Garreau Doubleday, 2005 [$26]
What’s in store for humanity? It is becoming clear that we will use our growing technological
powers to transform not only the world around us but ourselves, too. Many forms of human
enhancement are already routine — sports medicine, psychotropic mood drugs, wakefulness and
alertness enhancers, cosmetic surgery, drugs for sexual performance. Much more will become
possible in coming decades.
Joel Garreau’s Radical Evolution joins several recent titles that attempt to make sense of the radical
future possibilities for our species. The potential prospects include super intelligent machines,
nonaging bodies, direct connections between human brains or between brain and
computer, fully realistic virtual reality, and the reanimation of patients in cryonic suspension. As
enablers of such miracle, Garreau mentions especially “GRIN technologies” — genetics, robotics,
information technology and nanotechnology.
The focus of Garreau’s book, however, is not on the nuts and bolts of the technology itself but
rather on what it will all mean for humans. His reporting skills well honed by his work as a
journalist and editor at the Washington Post, Garreau is constantly on the lookout for the human
story behind the ideas. Biographical sketches of the people he has interviewed for the book get
approximately equal airtime with their opinions about human extinction and transcendence. The
bulk of one interviewee’s beard, the size of another’s collection of musical instruments, the length
of a third’s pants: as Garreau knows all too well, these are indispensable rivets to hold the attention
of the current version of Home sapiens while we try to ponder whether we will have indefinite life
spans or whether the world will end before our children have a chance to grow up.
(Scientific American, 2005)
honed = afiado; nuts and bolts = the practical facts about a particular thing;
Enhancement = improvement in quality, amount or strength of something;
rivets = focus ; the bulk of sthg = most of sthg;
 Critique = a report of something
1) The Future of Humankind is a:
such as a political situation or
a) critique b) review c) essay d) editorial e) commentary system, or a person's work or
ideas, which examines it and
2) One idea not mentioned by the author in his future possible world provides an often negative
is: judgment
The potential prospects include super intelligent
a) superintelligent machines a Marxist
machines, nonaging bodies, direct connectionscritique of neo-liberal
b) realistic virtual reality policy
between human brains or between brain and
c) I.T. and nanotechnology computer, fully realistic virtual reality, and the
d) forms of human enhancement reanimation of patients in cryonic Review = a report
suspension. As in a newspaper,
enablers of such miracle, Garreau magazine, or programme that gives
mentions
e) an egalitarian society
especially “GRIN technologies” an— opinion about a new book, film,
genetics,
robotics, information etc
technology and
3) One inference that can be made from reading the
nanotechnology.text is that:
a) there are many exciting prospective future possibilities for our species essay = a short piece of writing on
b) drugs to enhance sexual performance will become available in the Many a particular subject, especially one
doneforms of human
by students as enhancement
part of the
future arework
already routine — sports
for a course
c) wakefulness and alertness enhancers will be available very shortly medicine, psychotropic
For homework I wantmood
you todrugs,
write
d) GRIN technologies will be the focus of Garreau’s next book wakefulness and alertness enhancers,
an essay on endangered species.
e) the reanimation of patients in cryonic suspension will never come to cosmetic    surgery, drugs for sexual
pass performance.
An editorialJoel
is aGarreau’s
persuasive Radical
article
Evolution joins several
someone would write. recent titles
[…] Garreau mentions especially
4) The pronoun “it” in the sentence “…rather on what it will all mean “GRIN technologies”
Commentary = a set. […] and the
of written
for humans…” in line 20 refers to: reanimation of an
patients
remarks on event,inbookcryonic
or
a) technology b) nuts c) bolts d) the focus e) Garreau’s book suspension.
person which explains its subject
The focus of Garreau’s book, however, is not on the nuts and bolts of or expresses an opinion on it
the technology itself but rather on what it will all mean for humans.
AFA – SP - 2011

1. According to the cartoon, FIFA

a) pretends to improve the world Alternativa B – A alternativa afirma que a
b) has more ambitious purposes than the othersFIFA “tem propósitos mais ambiciosos do que
c) wants to have control over the Roman, os outros”. Levando em consideração que a
Genghis Khan’s, and British Empires. dominação exercida pela FIFA é mostrada
d) musn’t be considered a empire como maior em extensão em comparação às
dos impérios (toda a Terra, em contraposição
a locais diferentes do globo), pode-se concluir
que essa alternativa está condizente com a
charge.
Eixo Cognitivo: I = Dominar Linguagens
Competência de área: 2 = Conhecer e usar língua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s) como instrumento de acesso a
informações e a outras culturas e grupos sociais.
Habilidade: 7 = Relacionar um texto em LEM, as estruturas linguísticas, sua função e seu uso social.
 I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses:
               
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Unported license.

•You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
•to remix – to adapt the work
  Under the following conditions:
•attribution – You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the
author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or
your use of the work).
•share alike – If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may
distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

2. Oferecer sua obra sob uma licença Creative Commons não significa abrir mão dos seus
direitos autorais. Significa permitir a veiculação da obra sob determinadas condições.
Sendo assim, a licença dá direito a
a) Republicação e redistribuição, desde que o material seja modificado pelo licenciante.
b) Refeitura do material, desde que haja a aprovação do autor ou licenciante.
c) Publicação e distribuição, exceto para fins comerciais.
d) Publicação mediante avaliação do autor ou licenciante antes da publicação e
distribuição do material.
e) Adaptação e distribuição do material mediante licença igual ou similar à especificada
pelo autor ou licenciante.
 3. Ao adaptar um trabalho com a licença Creative commons, você deverá
a) Omitir a fonte e o autor ou licenciante
b) Colocar o seu próprio nome na autoria
c) Escolher se deseja ou não citar a fonte
d) Atribuir autoria da maneira especificada pelo autor ou licenciante
e) Perguntar ao autor ou licenciante se ele deseja seu nome publicado

Eixo Cognitivo: I = Dominar Linguagens

Competência de área: 2 = Conhecer e usar língua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s) como instrumento de acesso a
informações e a outras culturas e grupos sociais.
Habilidade: 6 = Utilizar os conhecimentos da LEM e de seus mecanismos como meio de ampliar as
possibilidades de acesso a informações, tecnologias e culturas.
It cannot be seen, cannot be felt,
Cannot be heard, cannot be smelt.
darkness
It lies behind stars and under hills,
And empty holes it fills.
It comes first and follows after,
Ends life, kills laughter.

As light as a feather, but you can't hold it for ten Your breath
minutes.

My life can be measured in hours,

I serve by being devoured.
Thin, I am quick
candle
Fat, I am slow
Wind is my foe.

You can see nothing else

When you look in my face mirror
I will look you in the eye
And I will never lie.

As I was going to St Ives,

I met a man with seven wives,
Each wife had seven sacks;
Each sack had seven cats; Only one! I was going to St Ives.
Each cat had seven kittens.
Kits, cats, sacks, and wives,
How many were going to St Ives?
FCMMG – BEAT THE CLOCK “Aging is a continuum, not a sudden event”, says
Robert Russell, M. D., professor of medicine and nutrition at Tufts University in
Boston. “You don’t wake up one morning to discover you’re old.” The nutrition
missteps that lead to ailments from heart disease to osteoporosis when you’re a senior
have their beginnings in the middle years.

In short, it’s not years alone that cause deterioration but how we choose to live them.
We could avoid most age-related diseases and even stretch our average life span to
120 years from the current 76, simply by making changes in what we eat in addition
to exercising and reducing stress.

Over time, requirements for some nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D and vitamin
B12, rise in part because our bodies become less efficient at absorbing or
manufacturing them or, as with calcium, because needs escalate. Other nutrients, such
as the antioxidants vitamins C and E and beta-carotene, are needed in greater
amounts than most women are currently getting to prevent heart disease, cancer,
cataracts and delay aging itself. “It is hard to separate the issue of aging from the
issues of disease”, cautions Jeffrey Blumberg, Ph.D., professor of nutrition at the
USDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts University of Boston, “but some
aspects of aging and disease prevention are directly linked to nutrition, especially the
antioxidants.
While many nutrient needs are high, calorie needs decline somewhat (so exercise
must increase) if a woman wants to avoid gaining the otherwise inevitable 10 pounds
per decade. In fact, we should cut back on unnecessary calories from fat and sugar,
while making sure every bite is chock-full of vitamins and minerals. The sooner you
make these dietary changes, the better. On the other hand, it’s never too late to reap
the benefits.”
LIVING FIT, Apr. 1997.

GUESS the meaning of these words according to the context.

Aging = Envelhecer Otherwise = Senão

Misstep = Erro To cut back = Reduzir
Ailment = Doença On the other
Disease = Doença hand= Por outro lado
To avoid = Evitar To reap = colher
To stretch = Esticar (aumentar)
Span = Período
Requirement = Necessidade
To rise = Aumentar
To escalate = Intensificar / aumentar
Such as = Por exemplo
Amount = Quantidade
To delay = Atrasar
To caution = Advertir / avisar
1. What does this statement mean: “Aging is a continuum, Envelhecer é ato contínuo, não
not a sudden event.” um evento inesperado/repentino.
a) aging is a sequence of unexpected events.
b) Getting old is something that continues in a sudden event.
c) It’s not a sudden event but aging itself that goes on
unexpectedly.
d) Getting old is a graded sequence of things not related to an
unexpected event.
The nutrition missteps that
2. What happens in the middle years?
lead to ailments from heart
e) The nutrition missteps turn into diseases.
disease to osteoporosis when
f) The arising of heart disease and osteoporosis.
you’re a senior have their
g) It’s the beginning of the nutrition missteps that lead to
beginnings in the middle
ailments when you’re a senior.
years.
h) The beginning of ailments caused by the nutrition missteps
when you’re a senior.

3. All of the following words are related to disease prevention

BUT
i) Sickness We could avoid most age-related diseases and
j) Nutrition even stretch our average life span to 120 years
k) Exercising from the current 76, simply by making changes
l) Reducing stress in what we eat in addition to exercising and
reducing stress
4. Why is exercising needed?
a) Because a woman can avoid 10 pounds per decade.
b) Because calory needs decline to some degree
c) To reduce fat and sugar
d) All of them
calorie needs decline somewhat (so
exercise must increase) if a woman wants
to avoid gaining the otherwise inevitable
10 pounds per decade. In fact, we should
cut back on unnecessary calories from fat
and sugar

5. What does the word delay mean?

a) Foresee b) postpone c) anticipate d) look forward to Delay = atrasar, adiar

6. What does the word stretch mean?

a) Extend b) Develop c) Improve d) Decrease Stretch = esticar, aumentar

Over time, requirements for some

7. Why are some nutrients more required over time?
e) Because our bodies come to be more limited in quantity at
assimilating or fabricating them.
f) Because some of them can prevent some illnesses besides
putting off getting old.
g) Because the needs of some nutrients become more intense.
h) All of them
nutrients, […], rise in part because
our bodies become less efficient at
absorbing or manufacturing them
or, as with calcium, because needs
escalate. Other nutrients, […]are
needed in greater amounts than
most women are currently getting
to prevent heart disease, cancer,
cataracts and delay aging itself.
8. In the sentence “It is hard to separate the issue of aging
from the issues of disease”, the author intended to say É difícil separar o assunto
that envelhecimento do assunto da
a) the issues of aging and disease are not linked. doença.
b) despite the hardness of the matter aging and disease are
separated.
c) it’s not easy to disconnect the issues of aging from the
issues of disease.
d) though the issues of aging and disease aren’t linked,
they’re hard to separate.
Avoid = evitar
Receive = receber
9. In the sentence “It’s never too late to reap the benefits”, Cut off = desconectar
the boldface word means Give up = desistir
a) avoid b) receive c) cut off d) give up

a) Você vai vencer o relógio se você

10. Which of the following could BETTER summarize the evitar os nutrientes. 
main topic of the text? b) Deterioração do corpo não está
e) You’ll beat the clock if you avoid nutrients. relacionado à nutrição. 
f) Body deterioration is not related to nutrition. c) O envelhecimento e as doenças
g) Aging and diseases cannot be avoided at all. não podem ser evitados. 
h) Nutrition has an important role in delaying aging and d) A nutrição tem um papel impor-
prevent ailments. tante em retardar o envelhecimento e
prevenir doenças. 
UFLA – 2009: Intensivo p. 29 / Extensivo p. 26

PASSAGE 1
In biology, a species is typically defined as a group of animals that breed only with one another. Thus,
any two animals that can breed belong to the same species, whereas animals that are unable to breed with
one another are of a different species. The two Central Valley salamanders do not interbreed, which
would seem to make it pretty clear that these salamanders should be classified as different species.
But there is one interesting problem with these salamanders. A number of other salamanders inhabit the
ring surrounding Central Valley. Moving north along the eastern side of the valley, the salamanders have
fewer and fewer blotches. At the northern end of the valley, the salamanders appear to be a mixture of
the two species; these salamanders are mostly brown, but they still have visible blotches.

In biology, a species is
1. The following sentence: “This definition is widely typically defined as a group
accepted by biologists and zoologists, but its application of animals that breed only
is not always simple” could be added to: with one another. Thus, any
(A) After the word another in line 1. two animals that can breed
belong to the same species,
(B) Before “The two Central Valley” in line 3.
whereas animals that are
(C) Before In biology in line 1. unable to breed with one
(D) After the word species in line 4. another are of a different
species.
DIRECTIONS: For questions 5 and 6, choose the one
answer that is closest in meaning to the original sentence.

5. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it will Segundo o Departamento de

be ten years before the African honey bee will have reached Agricultura dos EUA, em dez
the borders of the United States. anos a abelha Africana terá
(A) Not until ten years will the U.S. borders have been reached atingido as fronteiras dos
by the African honey bee. Estados Unidos
(B) In ten years the honey bee will have reached the African
borders from the United States.
(C) The U.S. borders have been reached by the African honey
bees for ten years.
(D) The African honey bee reached the U.S. borders ten years
ago.

6. No less an authority than Senator Edward Kennedy spoke

at the graduation exercises for the law school of The
University of Virginia. Nada menos que o senador
(A) Senator Edward Kennedy was well known in The Edward Kennedy, falou na
University of Virginia. formatura de exercícios para a
(B) An authority invited Senator Edward Kennedy to speak to Faculdade de Direito da
the graduation students. Universidade da Virgínia
(C) Senator Edward Kennedy, a recognized authority, spoke at
the graduation exercises.
(D) One of the authorities who spoke at The University of
Virginia was Senator Edward Kennedy.
2. Which of the statements below is supported by paragraph
1? In biology, a species is
(A) A member of one species often lives away from a member typically defined as a
of another species.
(B) Species classification is based on coloration and marking,
group of animals that
such as black and yellow spots. breed only with one
(C) There is no clear definition of what a species is. another
(D) A member of one species is unable to breed with a member
of a different species.

3. In paragraph 2 the author states that:

(A) The range of salamanders found along the valley presents a
difficulty to the concept of species.
(B) The further they live from each other, the fewer the spots
the salamanders have.
(C) Many different species of salamanders live along the
Central Valley.
(D) The salamanders found at the southern end of the valley
can not breed with salamanders found at the northern end.
A number of other salamanders inhabit
the ring surrounding Central Valley.
Moving north along the eastern side of
the valley, the salamanders have fewer
and fewer blotches. At the northern
end of the valley, the salamanders
appear to be a mixture of the two
species; these salamanders are mostly
brown, but they still have visible
blotches

4. All the following are very close in meaning to the word

“problem” (line 5), EXCEPT:
(A) point
(B) issue
(C) reason
(D) question
Passage 2 (UFLA 2009)
FOR SALE
1977 Ford Sedan
White w/light Gray interior
Low mileage. Like new
Air, automatic, power steering,
brakes
AM/EM, cassette stereo
$5.000 or best offer
By original owner
241-3281 weekdays. 287-4479
weekends
Ask for Jim Black
1. Which of the following best describes the
passage?
a) A news item
b) an editorial
c) a recipe
d) a classified ad
2. I may be concluded that Jim will
a) Sell his car to a buyer who offers him $4,800
if no one else offers him more.
b) Not sell his car for less than $5,000
c) Sell his car to the original owner
d) Sell his car for any price
PUC Rio – 2010

TEXTING MAY BE TAKING A TOLL

They do it late at night when their parents are asleep. They do it in restaurants and
while crossing busy streets. They do it in the classroom with their hands behind
their back. They do it so much their thumbs hurt. Spurred by the unlimited texting
plans offered by different carriers, American teenagers sent and received an
average of 2,272 text messages per month in the fourth quarter of 2008, according
to the Nielsen Company — almost 80 messages a day, more than double the
average of a year earlier.
The phenomenon is beginning to worry physicians and psychologists, who say it is
leading to anxiety, distraction in school, falling grades, repetitive stress injury and
sleep deprivation. Dr. Martin Joffe, a pediatrician in Greenbrae, Calif., recently
surveyed students at two local high schools and said he found that many were
routinely sending hundreds of texts every day. “That’s one every few minutes,” he
said. “Then you hear that these kids are responding to texts late at night. That’s
going to cause sleep issues in an age group that’s already plagued with sleep
issues.”
The rise in texting is too recent to have produced any conclusive data on health
effects. But Sherry Turkle, a psychologist who […] has studied texting among
teenagers in the Boston area for three years, said it might be causing a shift in the
way adolescents develop. “Among the jobs of adolescence are to separate from your
parents, and to find the peace and quiet to become the person you decide you want to
be,” she said. “Texting hits directly at both those jobs.”
Psychologists expect to see teenagers break free from their parents as they grow into
autonomous adults, Professor Turkle went on, “but if technology makes something like
staying in touch very, very easy, that’s harder to do; now you have adolescents who are
texting their mothers 15 times a day, asking things like, ‘Should I get the red shoes or the
blue shoes?’ ” As for peace and quiet, she said, “if something next to you is vibrating
every couple of minutes, it makes it very difficult to be in that state of mind. If you’re
being deluged by constant communication, the pressure to answer immediately is quite
high,” she added. “So if you’re in the middle of a thought, forget it.” […]
Texting may also be taking a toll on teenagers’ thumbs. Annie Wagner, 15, a ninth-grade
honor student in Bethesda, Md., used to text on her tiny phone as fast as she typed on a
regular keyboard. A few months ago, she noticed a painful cramping in her thumbs.
Peter W. Johnson, an associate professor of environmental and occupational health
sciences at the University of Washington, said it was too early to tell whether this kind
of stress is damaging. But he added, “Based on our experiences with computer users, we
know intensive repetitive use of the upper extremities can lead to musculoskeletal
disorders, so we have some reason to be concerned that too much texting could lead to
temporary or permanent damage to the thumbs.”
By Katie Hafner.
The New York Times, May 25, 2009.
1. The main purpose of the text is to: “Based on our experiences
(A)list all the causes of thumb disorders among America’s youth. with computer users, we know
(B)suggest different ways to get away from constant communication. intensive repetitive use of the
(C)explain in detail how technology prevents teenagers from finding upper extremities can lead to
peace. musculoskeletal disorders, so
we have some reason to be
(D)argue that American teens are increasingly dependent on their mothers.
concerned that too much
(E)alert for possible adverse effects of constant texting on youngsters. texting could lead to
temporary or permanent
2. According to lines (lines 4-10), American teens: damage to the thumbs.”
(A)increased by 50% the number of messages sent in 2008 as compared to American teenagers sent and
received an average of 2,272
2007.
text messages per month in
(B)exchanged an average of 2,272 text messages per month during the the fourth quarter of 2008,
whole past year. according to the Nielsen
(C)wrote more than two thousand text messages per month in the last four Company — almost 80
months of 2008. messages a day, more than
(D)were writing a daily average of slightly less than eighty messages in double the average of a year
the last three months of 2008. earlier.
(E)from October to December 2008 sent and received twice as many
The phenomenon is
messages than in all previous years. beginning to worry
physicians and
3. Mark the option that completes the following sentence according to psychologists, who
the information found in (lines 11-14): “Physicians and psychologists say it is leading to
say that because of constant texting teenagers may ______.” anxiety, distraction
(A)get sick very easily (B)be able to control anxiety in school, falling
(C)start falling asleep in school (D)overcome sleeping problems grades, repetitive
stress injury and
(E)stop paying attention to classes sleep deprivation
4. Mark the sentence in which the word “as” is used in the same
sense as in “Psychologists expect to see teenagers break free from a. Quando
b. Como
their parents as they grow into autonomous adults,” (lines 31-32). c. Como
(A)She cried bitterly as she told her story. d. tão…quanto
(B)Some flowers, as the rose, require special care. e. Como
(C)As you are leaving last, please turn out the lights.
(D)I don’t think it’s as hot and humid today as it was yesterday.
(E)It is fairly certain that you will be able to find a job as a teacher.
Ability = can
5. “Might” in “...might be causing a shift...” (lines 25-26) and Possibility = may/might
“should” in “ ‘Should I get the red shoes or the blue shoes?’ ” (linesAdvice = should/shouldn’t/ought to
36-37) express the ideas of, respectively: Permission = can
(A)ability – condition. (B)probability – duty. Obligation = have to/must
(C)possibility – advice. (D)permission – obligation. Duty (dever)
Probability = be likely to
(E)theoretical ability – assumption.

6. In the statement “Texting may also be taking a toll on teenagers’

thumbs.” (lines 44-45), “taking a toll on” means that texting:
(A)is causing damage to the thumbs.
(B)is preventing musculoskeletal disorders.
(C)may improve the use of students’ hands. Take a toll = cause damage to someone
(D)depends on the thumbs to be performed.
(E)has destroyed the thumbs of Americans.
7. Check the correct statement concerning the pronoun “it” in They do it late at night when
the text. their parents are asleep
(A)In “They do it in restaurants and while crossing busy streets.”
The phenomenon is beginning
(line 2), “it” refers to “crossing busy streets”. to worry physicians and
(B)In “...who say it is leading to anxiety,” (line 12), “it” refers to psychologists, who say it is
“the phenomenon”. leading to anxiety
(C)In “...said it might be causing a shift in the way adolescents
Sherry Turkle, a psychologist
develop.” (lines 25-26), “it” refers to “the Boston area”. who […] has studied texting
(D)In “... makes it very difficult to be in that state of mind.” (lines among teenagers in the Boston
39-40), “it” refers to “something next to you”. area for three years, said it
(E)In “ ‘So if you’re in the middle of a thought, forget it.’ ” (lines might be
42-43), “it” refers to “the pressure to answer immediately”. (…)

8. In “we know intensive repetitive use of the upper extremities

can lead to musculoskeletal disorders,” (lines 53-55), “lead”
could be replaced by any of the words below, EXCEPT:
(A)cause.
(B)worsen.
Lead = levar a
(C)prompt. Cause = causar
(D)result in. Result in = resultar em
(E)generate. Generate = gerar
Prompt = pronto, pontual, imediato
9. Check the words that have the same relationship as
“temporary” and “permanent” (line 57).
(A)to purchase – to lend. Adjective and noun
(B)to survey – to oversee.
(C)understanding – displeasure.
(D)serenity – excitement.
(E)soon – early.

10. Peter W. Johnson’s comments on the intensive use

of thumbs for constant texting (lines 47-57) can be
understood as:
(A)subtle irony. Texting may also be taking a toll on teenagers’ thumbs.
(B)undue alarm. Annie Wagner, 15, a ninth-grade honor student in
(C)heavy criticism. Bethesda, Md., used to text on her tiny phone as fast as
she typed on a regular keyboard. A few months ago, she
(D)a formal complaint. noticed a painful cramping in her thumbs.
(E)an important warning.
ENEM EXERCISES – p. 31
“[…] I have often neglected my appearance. I admit it, and I
also admit that it is `shocking.' But look here, lack of money
and poverty have something to do with it too, as well as a
profound disillusionment, and besides, it is sometimes a good
way of ensuring the solitude you need, of concentrating more
or less on whatever study you are immersed in.”
Letter fromVincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh. Written July 1880 in Cuesmes.
Translated by Mrs. Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, edited by Robert Harrison,
Self-portrait without beard – number 133. URL: http://webexhibits.org/vangogh/letter/8/133.htm.
Vincent Van Gogh, 1889.
Private Collection.

Eixo Cognitivo: I = Dominar Linguagens

1. Considerando o quadro e a carta,
podemos concluir que Van Gogh pintou
seu autorretrato baseando-se
a) no olhar do outro sobre si
b) na análise sobre a sua sexualidade
c) nas observações feitas por Theo
d) na felicidade de viver um grande amor
e) em sua autocrítica sobre a própria beleza.
Competência de área: 2 = Conhecer e usar
língua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s) como
instrumento de acesso a informações e a outras
culturas e grupos sociais.
Habilidade: 6 = Utilizar os conhecimentos da
LEM e de seus mecanismos como meio de
ampliar as possibilidades de acesso a
informações, tecnologias e culturas.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Apostila 3 – Modulo 12 – 31deJulho
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
who which
where

whom in which

that

whose
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1. Who / Whom  people
 A doctor is a person. He works in hospitals. = A doctor is a
person WHO works in hospitals.
 He has married somebody WHOM I really do not like. (formal
style)
 He’s married somebody WHO I really don’t like. (informal style)
 Mary is the girl to WHOM he gave the present. (Mary é a
garota a quem ele deu o presente).
2. Which  things and animals
 A lion is a wild animal. It eats meat.
(O leão é um animal selvagem. Ele come carne).
 A lion is a wild animal WHICH eats meat.

3. Whose  cujo(a)
• These are the books WHOSE writer lives in Rio.
(Estes são os livros cujo escritor mora no Rio).

4. Where  place
• This is the church WHERE John and I got married.
(Esta é a igreja onde John e eu nos casamos).
• This is the church in WHICH John and I got married.
(Esta é a igreja na qual John e eu nos casamos).
5. That  substitutes who, whom, which quando não for oração
explicativa.
 A doctor is a person THAT/WHO works in a hospital
 A lion is a wild animal THAT/WHICH eats meat.

 The writer, WHO lives in Rio, is my uncle.

 The book, WHICH I showed you, was bought in Rio
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
(ORAÇÕES SUBORDINADAS ADJETIVAS RESTRITIVAS)

 The information provided in a defining

relative clause is crucial in understanding
the meaning of the sentence.
 Example: The woman who lives in
apartment No. 34 has been arrested.
The document that I need has 'important'
written at the top.
 The purpose of a defining relative clause is
to clearly define who or what we are talking
about. Without this information, it would be
difficult to know who or what is meant.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE
(ORAÇÕES SUBORDINADAS ADJETIVAS
EXPLICATIVAS)
 Non-defining relative clauses provide interesting additional information which is
not essential to understanding the meaning of the sentence.

 Example: Mrs. Jackson, who is very intelligent, lives on the corner.

The sandwich had pickles and corn, which I ate everything.

 Correct punctuation is essential in non-defining relative clauses. If the non-defining

relative clause occurs in the middle of a sentence, a comma is put before the relative
pronoun and at the end of the clause. If the non-defining relative clause occurs at the
end of a sentence, a comma is put before the relative pronoun.
OMIT: who, which, that  different subjects in
both clauses.

He’s the man (who) I met on the phone.

That’s the restaurant (which) I told you about.
This is the book (that) everybody is reading at the
moment.
 Mackenzie – SP – 2009
According to the text:
a)  Brazil and Canada are the only countries where
prices have not gone up in the past few years. b)  country’s money minders but thanks to their zeal is
although inflation in Brazil is low, it still annoys
people in charge of financial issues there. c)  Brazil
is an island where investors dream of living one
day.
d)  food and fuel prices are under control in
unprecedented global markets – they can’t be
beaten.
e)  emerging markets have to go through a
debilitating period in order to start feeling changes
in the near future.
Weathering the storm
The specter of rising food and fuel prices now
threatens to destroy an era of unprecedented global
prosperity, with two notable exceptions: Brazil and
Canada. Both countries produce and export enough
food and fuel not just to offset the worst of global
inflationary pressures but even to turn the price
spike from a menace to a boon. They are the only
two major economies _( I )_ prices have not burst
the upper limit of the central bank’s inflation target.
And of the two, Brazil is by far the more surprising
success story. The country __( II )_ suffered the
longest and perhaps the most debilitating bout of
hyperinflation in recent history is now a rare island
of relative stability and prosperity. Brazil’s inflation
is running at 6.5 percent, a rate _( III )_ worries the
still the lowest level in all the major emerging
markets. (www.newsweek.com)
The relative pronouns that PROPERLY fill in
blanks I, II, and III, in the text, are
a) whose, that and which
b) when, whose and that
c) what, which and which
d) which, which and that
e) where, that and that
PUC MINAS – 2005
1. The political arm of the Bush
While global warming is being ignored by the
administration has been
political arm of the Bush administration,
a) studying climate changes
the citizens of Europe and the Pentagon
b) neglecting global warming
are taking a new look at the greatest
c) fighting a new ice age
danger such climate change could
d) ignoring Europe and the
produce for the northern hemisphere – a
Pentagon.
sudden change into a new ice age.
2. The world is in danger of
What they’re finding is not at all comforting: if
facing
enough cold, fresh water coming from the
a) the worst economic crisis.
melting polar ice caps and glaciers of
b) a new world war in Europe.
Greenland and flowing into the northern
c) the return of an ice age.
Atlantic will shut down the Gulf Stream,
d) a change of salinity in the
which¹ keeps Europe and northeastern North
water.
America warm. The worst case scenario
would be a return of the last ice age in 2 to 3
3. The word which¹ refers to
years and the mid case scenario would be a
a) the Gulf Stream
period like the “little ice age” of a few
b) Greenland
centuries ago that disrupted worldwide
c) fresh water
weather patterns leading to extremely cold
d) the North Atlantic.
winters, desertification, crop failures and
wars.
The warmth is the result of ocean currents that 4. The word as³ means
bring warm surface water up from the equator into a) while While = enquanto
northern regions that would otherwise be so cold b) like Like = parecido
c) though Though = embora
that even in summer they’d be covered in ice. The Because = porque
d) because
current of greatest concern is called “The Great
Conveyor Belt”, which includes the Gulf Stream. 5. The word it² refers to the
It² is driven by the greater force created by e) North Atlantic Ocean
differences in water temperatures and salinity, as³ f) Pacific Ocean
the North Atlantic Ocean is saltier and colder than g) deeper warm water
the Pacific. If it stopped flowing today, the result h) Great Conveyor Belt.
would be sudden and dramatic. Winter would start
6. The worst risk we are running is of
in the eastern half of North America and all of
having
Europe and Siberia, and never go away. Within i) an eternal winter in the northern
three years, those regions would become hemisphere.
uninhabitable and nearly two billion humans j) the North Atlantic Ocean becoming
would starve, freeze to death, or have to relocate. colder than the Pacific.
k) a shortage of drinking water in the
whole world.
l) a dramatic change in the salinity of the
water.
 7. Scientists predict the change will happen
And when might that happen? Nobody a) only within centuries
knows – the action of the Great b) at any time now.
Conveyor Belt in defining ice ages was c) sooner than next year.
discovered only in the last decade. d) later than computers have announced
Preliminary computer models and
scientists suggest the change could 8. The word will conveys the idea of
happen as early as next year, or it may e) possibility
be generations from now. It may be f) obligation
starting right now, producing the g) certainty
extremes of weather we’ve seen in the h) condition
past few years. What’s almost certain is
that if nothing is done about global 9. The word rather than mean
warming, it will happen sooner rather i) instead of
Instead of = ao invés de
than later. j) in spite of In spite of = apesar de
k) because of Because of = por causa de
Speak Up – edição 206 – Jul. 2004. Adapted. l) out of Out of = fora de

10. The cause of a new ice age is

m) ice caps. What’s almost certain is that
n) weather patterns. if nothing is done about
o) water salinity. global warming
p) global warming.
UFU – MG – 2008 (p. 35) – Do you suffer from “ringxiety?

Your cell phone rings. You go to answer it, but there’s no one
there. Curiously, there’s no missed call, either. You realize after a
moment that you mistook a bird chirping for your cell phone’s
ring. What’s weird is that this isn’t the first time this has happened
to you. You’re probably not insane — instead, you are suffering
from what’s come to be called ringxiety.
It’s not surprising that in the increasingly wireless and connected
world, humanity would begin to suffer techno-neuroses. Electronic
gadgets have become a part of the everyday lives of people
worldwide. Ringxiety is among the first of these new neuroses to emerge, along with Internet
addiction and the “crackberry” phenomenon — a person’s compulsive urge to use and check his
BlackBerry wireless device. While crackberry addiction is a compulsive behavior, ringxiety may
be a result of that and similar compulsions.
Some researchers think that ringxiety stems from a constant state of readiness that could develop
in cell phone users. Before the advent of wireless phones, no one expected a call while driving in
the car, shopping at the grocery store or dancing at a nightclub. With cell phones, though, there’s
a potential for a call to come through at any moment. Because of this, it’s possible that our brains
are conditioned to expect a call constantly, and when a person hears a tone that reminds him of
his cell phone ringing, he will believe that’s the case. Others believe that ringxiety — or in this
case, phantom ringing — simply stems from confusion due to the frequency of most stock cell
phone ringtones and the location of our ears.
Those who opt to set the phone to “vibrate” rather than “ring” aren’t off the hook either. Even
stranger than phantom ringing is the phantom vibration phenomenon. This is also a part of the
ringxiety that David Laramie studied, although fewer ideas about its origins have been suggested.
It’s similar to phantom ringing, but phantom vibration is a physical rather than an auditory
hallucination. It’s also similar to another, well-documented phenomenon called phantom limb
syndrome. In this medically recognized condition, amputees — people who’ve had limbs removed
— report feeling pain in limbs that are no longer attached to their bodies. Is it possible that people
have become as attached to their cell phones as they are to their own arms and legs?
CLARK, Josh. Do you suffer from “ringxiety”?. Mar. 2008. Available at:
http://communication.howstuffworks.com/ringxiety.htm (Adapted)

1. Com base no texto, pode-se concluir que a palavra

ringxiety é um neologismo resultante da combinação de Do you suffer from “ringxiety
A) ringer e antianxiety. B) ringing tone e society.
C) ring e contrariety. D) anxiety e ring.

2. Segundo o texto, há indícios de que uma pessoa esteja

sofrendo de ringxiety quando You realize after a moment that you
A) ela deseja ter um celular mais moderno e não tem mistook a bird chirping for your cell
recursos para adquiri-lo. phone’s ring. What’s weird is that
B) ela costuma confundir o som de um pássaro com o toque this isn’t the first time this has
de seu celular. happened to you. You’re probably
C) ela demonstra ansiedade sempre que tem de atender ao not insane — instead, you are
telefone celular. suffering from what’s come to be
D) o telefone celular toca e não é possível identificar a called ringxiety.
origem da chamada.
3. De acordo com o texto, indique a alternativa que completa
the “crackberry” phenomenon
corretamente o enunciado. Crackberry phenomenon can best be
— a person’s compulsive urge
defined as
to use and check his
A) a compulsive behavior some people feel to use and check their
BlackBerry wireless device
BlackBerry.
B) the ability some people have to invade computers, such as crackers
and hackers.
C) a symptom of a techno-neurosis that indicates a person suffers from
ringxiety.
D) a positive and desirable behavior in the increasingly wireless and
connected world.

4. Marque a alternativa que contém somente substantivo(s) e

verbo(s) utilizados no texto em contextos que expressam as noções
de “origem, fonte, ou surgimento”.
A) Stem – origins – emerge Some researchers think that ringxiety stems from a constant
B) Origins – gadgets – advent state of readiness that could develop in cell phone users;
C) Emerge – origins – weird although fewer ideas about its origins have been suggested;
D) Chirping – stem – origins Ringxiety is among the first of these new neuroses to
emerge.
 It’s similar to phantom
5. No último parágrafo do texto, o autor apresenta uma analogia ringing, but phantom
entre phantom vibration e phantom limb syndrome para insinuar vibration is a physical rather
que than an auditory
A) são fenômenos médicos relacionados a alucinações muito distintas
hallucination. It’s also
entre si. similar to another, well-
B) ambos os fenômenos comparados são condições médicas recentes. documented phenomenon
C) esses dois fenômenos são síndromes que somente ocorrem em called phantom limb
pessoas amputadas. syndrome. In this medically
D) o celular parece ter se tornado uma extensão virtual do nosso próprio recognized condition,
corpo. amputees — people who’ve
had limbs removed —
report feeling pain in limbs
6. De acordo com o texto, quais das alternativas abaixo completam that are no longer attached
corretamente o enunciado a seguir? to their bodies. Is it possible
that people have become as
According to the text, it is appropriate to say that techno-neuroses are attached to their cell phones
most probably identified in people It’s not surprising thatare
as they intothetheir
increasingly
own
I- who show ringxiety behavior. wireless and connected world,
arms and legs? humanity
II- who are addicted to the Internet. would begin to suffer techno-neuroses.
III- while they are driving, shopping or dancing. Ringxiety is among the first of these new
IV- only when they are using their cell phones. neuroses to emerge, along with Internet
addiction and the “crackberry” phenomenon
Marque a alternativa que contém somente afirmativas corretas.
A) I e IV B) II e III C) II, III e IV D) I e II
7. Segundo o texto, quais das alternativas a seguir completam
corretamente o enunciado abaixo?
Because of this, it’s
Some researchers, concerning the possible origins of ringxiety, believe possible that our brains
that are conditioned to
expect a call
I- it is caused by insane behavior or some kind of mental disorder common constantly, and when a
in people with techno-neuroses. person hears a tone
II- it may result from confusion in the sound frequency of ringtones and that reminds him of his
the location of our ears. cell phone ringing, he
III- it is an anxiety syndrome which reflects the high level of competition will believe that’s the
existing in our capitalist society. case. Others believe
IV- our brains have become conditioned to expect cell phone calls that ringxiety — or in
constantly in this wireless society. this case, phantom
ringing — simply
Marque a alternativa que contém somente afirmativas corretas. stems from confusion
A) II e IV due to the frequency of
B) I e III most stock cell phone
C) III e IV ringtones and the
D) I e II location of our ears.
 As everybody knows, if you do not work out, your muscles get flaccid. What most people don’t
realize, however, is that your brain also stays in better shape when you exercise.
Surprised? Although the idea of exercising cognitive machinery by performing mentally
demanding activities – popularly termed the “use it or lose it” hypothesis – is better known, a
review of dozens of studies shows that maintaining a mental edge requires more than that. Other
things you do – including participating in activities that make you think, getting regular exercise,
staying socially engaged and even having a positive attitude – have a meaningful influence on how
effective your cognitive functioning will be in old age.
www.scientificamerican.com/article.
Acessado em 06/07/2009. Adaptado.
1. O texto informa que
a) exercícios físicos são benéficos para o corpo e para 2. Segundo o texto, o bom funcionamento
a saúde mental. de nosso cérebro na velhice depende, entre
b) as pessoas não se dão conta da importância de outros fatores,
músculos fortes. a) das perdas e ganhos que vivenciamos ao
c) o cérebro é muito pouco exercitado por pessoas longo da vida.
que não trabalham. b) da herança genética que trazemos
d) todo mundo deveria exercitar-se diariamente. conosco.
e) grande parte das pessoas preocupa-se apenas com a c) das modalidades de exercícios físicos que
aparência física. realizamos.
d) da complexidade de exercícios
intelectuais a que somos expostos.
e) de nosso engajamento em atividades
intelectuais e sociais.
 Minicurso ENEM
A Língua Inglesa está relacionada, na matriz de 2009 do Enem, com o Eixo cognitivo I, que se
refere ao Domínio de Linguagens:
I. Dominar linguagens (DL): dominar a norma culta da Língua Portuguesa e fazer uso das
linguagens matemática, artística e científica e das línguas espanhola e inglesa.
 
O Eixo cognitivo é composto por competências. No caso da Língua Inglesa, a competência a que
se deve atentar é a de número 2:
 
Competência de área 2 – Conhecer e usar língua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s) como
instrumento de acesso a informações e a outras culturas e grupos sociais.
 
Essa competência engloba quatro diferentes habilidades:
 
H5 – Associar vocábulos e expressões de um texto em LEM ao seu tema.
H6 – Utilizar os conhecimentos da LEM e de seus mecanismos como meio de ampliar as
possibilidades de acesso a informações, tecnologias e culturas.
H7 – Relacionar um texto em LEM, as estruturas linguísticas, sua função e seu uso social.
H8 – Reconhecer a importância da produção cultural em LEM como representação da diversidade
cultural e linguística.

Pré-ENEM Frei Seráfico

Traduzindo Minicurso ENEM
H5 – Associar vocábulos e expressões de um texto em LEM ao seu tema.
Identificar e interpretar. Conhecimento: memorização de fatos específicos, de padrões
de procedimento e de conceitos.

H6 – Utilizar os conhecimentos da LEM e de seus mecanismos como meio de ampliar

as possibilidades de acesso a informações, tecnologias e culturas.
Aplicar. Aplicação: utiliza o aprendizado em novas situações

H7 – Relacionar um texto em LEM, as estruturas linguísticas, sua função e seu uso

social.
Confrontar; estabelecer relações. Análise: de elementos, de relações e de princípios de
organização. Síntese: estabelece padrões.

H8 – Reconhecer a importância da produção cultural em LEM como representação da

diversidade cultural e linguística.
 Julgar. Avaliação: julga com base em evidência interna ou em critérios externos.

Pré-ENEM Frei Seráfico

 Minicurso ENEM
Outros eixos cognitivos:
2 - Compreender fenômenos – Construir e aplicar conceitos das várias áreas do conhecimento
para a compreensão de fenômenos naturais, de processos histórico-geográficos, da produção
tecnológica e das manifestações artísticas.

3 - Entender situações-problema – Selecionar, organizar, relacionar, interpretar dados e

informações representados de diferentes formas, para tomar decisões e enfrentar situações-
problemas.

4 - Construir Argumentações – Relacionar informações, representadas em diferentes formas, e

conhecimentos disponíveis em situações concretas, para construir argumentação consistente.

5 - Elaborar propostas éticas – Recorrer aos conhecimentos desenvolvidos na escola para

elaboração de propostas de intervenção solidária na realidade, respeitando os valores humanos e
considerando a diversidade sociocultural.

Pré-ENEM Frei Seráfico

ENEM - 2010 –Weather Man

1. Ao optar por ler a reportagem completa sobre

o assunto anunciado, tem-se acesso a duas
palavras que Bill Gates não quer que o leitor
conheça e que se referem
a) aos responsáveis pela divulgação desta
informação na internet.
b) às marcas mais importantes de
microcomputadores do mercado.
c) aos nomes dos americanos que inventaram a
suposta tecnologia.
d) aos sites da internet pelos quais o produto já pode
ser conhecido.
e) às empresas que levam vantagem para serem suas
concorrentes.
Eixo Cognitivo: I = Dominar Linguagens
Competência de área: 2 = Conhecer e usar
língua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s) como
instrumento de acesso a informações e a outras
culturas e grupos sociais.
Habilidade: 5 = Associar vocábulos e expressões
de um texto em LEM ao seu tema.
 Eixo Cognitivo: I =
ENEM - 2010 –Viva la Vida Dominar Linguagens
I used to rule the world Competência de área: 2
= Conhecer e usar
Seas would rise when I gave the word língua(s) estrangeira(s)
Now in the morning and I sleep alone moderna(s) como
Sweep the streets I used to own instrumento de acesso a
I used to roll the dice informações e a outras
culturas e grupos
Feel the fear in my enemy’s eyes sociais.
Listen as the crowd would sing Habilidade: 6 = Utilizar
“Now the old king is dead! Long live the king!” os conhecimentos da
LEM e de seus
One minute I held the key mecanismos como meio
Next the walls were closed on me de ampliar as
And I discovered that my castles stand possibilidades de acesso
a informações,
Upon pillars of salt and pillars of sand
tecnologias e culturas.
[…]
MARTIN, C. Viva la vida, Coldplay. In: Viva la vida or Death and all his friends. Parlophone, 2008.
1. Letras de músicas abordam temas que, de certa forma, podem ser reforçados
pela repetição de trechos ou palavras. O fragmento da canção Viva la vida, por
exemplo, permite conhecer o relato de alguém que
a) costumava ter o mundo aos seus pés e, de repente, se viu sem nada.
b) almeja o título de rei e, por ele, tem enfrentado inúmeros inimigos.
c) causa pouco temor a seus inimigos, embora tenha muito poder.
d) limpava as ruas e, com seu esforço, tornou-se rei de seu povo.
e) tinha a chave para todos os castelos nos quais desejava morar.
Iniciar: Apostila 04
 Non-governmental organizations (p.36)
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have become increasingly influential in world affairs.
They often impact the social economic and political activities of communities and the country as
a whole.
Around 25,000 organizations now qualify as NGOs and some of them impact a small region of
the world, while others have spread across multiple continents. Scholars now speak of NGOs as
“non state actors” (a category that can also include transnational corporations). This term
suggests NGOs’ emerging accomplishments in the international policy arena where previously
only states played a significant role. Though they still have few powers over international
decision-making, they have many funds to their credit: they have successfully promoted
environmental agreements, strengthened women’s rights, won important arms control and
disarmament measures, improved the rights and well-being of children, the disabled, the poor and
indigenous people.
They also fight to improve the conditions of animals used for testing. They need healthy
relationships with the public to meet their goals as they use sophisticated campaigns to raise
influence and employ standard lobbying techniques with governments. Major sources of NGO
funding include membership dues, sale of goods and services, grants from international
institutions or national governments and private donations. Even if the term “non-governmental
organization’’ implies independence from governments, some NGOs depend on governments for
funding.
Monitoring of their expenses is done as funders require reporting and assessment. There are also
associations and organizations that research and publish details on their actions.
(From Business Express 2, Richmond Publishing)
1) FMC – 2013/1º
People who work for NGOs don’t mean to make a(n)
a) scene.
b) fortune.
c) mistake.
d) impression.

2) FMC – 2013/1º
NGOs haven’t ___________ across the world.
a) grown
Around 25,000 organizations now qualify as
b) risen
c) increased NGOs and some of them impact a small region
d) diminished of the world, while others have spread across
multiple continents.
3) FMC – 2013/1º
Some NGOs impact their own countries. Others have extended
their policies _____________.
a) inside
b) around
Around 25,000 organizations now qualify as
c) abroad
d) not far away
NGOs and some of them impact a small region
of the world, while others have spread across
multiple continents.
4) FMC – 2013/1º
Where previously only states used to play a significant role,
nowadays NGOs ____________ play theirs.
a) also This term suggests NGOs’ emerging
b) both accomplishments in the international policy arena
c) either where previously only states played a significant role.
d) as well

5) FMC – 2013/1º
‘Even if the term “non-governmental organizations” implies
independence from governments, some NGOs depend on
governments for funding.’
In the first sentence one can identify an idea of
a) addition.
b) time.
c) conclusion.
e) concession.
Even if the term “non-governmental
6) FMC – 2013/1º organization’’ implies independence
from governments, some NGOs
There are also associations and organizations that research and
depend on governments for funding.
publish details on THEIR actions. Monitoring of their expenses is done
The word in capital letters refers back to as funders require reporting and
a) funds. assessment. There are also
b) NGOs. associations and organizations that
c) details. research and publish details on their
d) governments. actions.
7) FMC – 2013/1º - The conditions of animals used for testing is also
______by NGOs.
a) disregarded
b) taken into account They also fight to improve the conditions of
c) vaguely considered animals used for testing.
d) not taken seriously

8) FMC – 2013/1º - If there weren’t any NGOs, there would be

__________across the world.
a) more state organizations
b) no private solutions
c) no trouble
d) more social problems

9) FMC – 2013/1º - One can state that NGOs are all of these, EXCEPT
a) useless.
b) helpful.
c) comprehensive.
e) unselfish.

10) FMC – 2013/1º - One of the sayings below can suit NGOs. Check it.
a) A sparrow in hand is better than two flying.
b) One who wants all loses all.
c) Where there is a will there is a way.
d) Confusing is the beginning of wisdom.
Eixo Cognitivo: I =
Dominar Linguagens
Competência de área: 2 =
Conhecer e usar língua(s)
estrangeira(s) moderna(s)
como instrumento de
acesso a informações e a
outras culturas e grupos
sociais.
Habilidade: 7 = Relacionar
um texto em LEM, as
estruturas linguísticas, sua
função e seu uso social.
QUESTION 03 - A reporter wrote a text about the Manuelzão Project to be published in a newspaper
but there are 10 grammar mistakes. Read his text and help him correct them by completing the
chart that follows it. <http://www.manuelzao.ufmg.br/english Access: Aug. 2008 (Adapted)>
Manuelzão Project
This old man from the sertão (Brazilian semi-arid inlands) was always willing to welcome visitors
with his sense of humor and the most peculiar and interesting tales… These are some of the character
traits that make Manuel Nardi a remarkable figure and inspired the Brazilian writer João Guimarães
Rosa to give life to one of its most famous characters: Manuelzão. His countryside wisdom and his
concern for the environment were translated into the cause championed by the project named after this
unique old man.
Manuel Nardi dead in 1998, a year after the Manuelzão Project was created. It was the cowboy itself
who, in 1997, introduced the Project at the presentation meeting held with the Minas Gerais Water
Management Institute and the State of Minas Gerais Sanitation Program.
Developing by the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG , the Manuelzão Project is intended
to restore the Rio das Velhas basin. Activities begun in 1997 at the UFMG Medical Sciences School in
an initiative took by a group of professors who realized that health are not simply a medical issue: it is
directly related to the social conditions and to the environment people leave in. The Manuelzão Project
was born from the activities of the “Rural Internship Project”, which is a compulsory subject in the
UFMG Medical Sciences School curriculum and has a Public Health oriented syllabus. Students spend
three months in remote municipalities undertaking social
and preventive medical activities.
Throughout its existence, the Project has witnessed a considerable growth in civil society participation,
most notably in the activities conducted by the Manuelzão Centers scattered along the basin. There is
today nearly 50 Local Centers whose work focuses on local issues and who are supported and advised
by the Manuelzão Project. This historical path has led the Manuelzão Project to expand its activities
beyond the academic boundaries of that group of UFMG scholars.
Wrong Form Correct Form Line of the text
Make
made 5
7
11
12
16
18
19
20
22
32
34
 Wrong Form Correct Form Line of the text
Make
made 5
Rosa to give life to one of its his 7
most famous character

Manuel Nardi dead in 1998 died 11

It was the cowboy itself who... himself 12
Developing by the UFMG... Developed 16
Activities begun in 1997 at the ... began 18
UFMG Medical Science School in taken 19
na iniciative took by a group of

A group of professors who is 20

realized that health are not

it is directly related to the social live 22

conditions and to the
environment people leave in

There is today nearly 50 Local there are 32

Centers

There is today nearly 50 Local which 34

Centers whose work focuses on
local issues and who are
supported and advised by the
Manuelzão Project
PUC MINAS – Intensivo p. 9

Last month a well-known infertility specialist, Panayiotis Zavos of the University of

Kentucky, announced that he and Italian researcher Severino Antinori, were forming a
consortium to produce the first human clone. Researchers in South Korea claim they
have already created a cloned human embryo, though they destroyed it rather than
implanting it in a surrogate mother to develop.
Given what researchers have learned since Dolly, the mechanics of cloning are not
very hard: take a donor egg, suck out the nucleus, and hence the DNA, and fuse it
with, say, a skin cell from the human being copied. Then, with the help of an
electrical current, the reconstituted cell should begin growing into a genetic duplicate.
The consensus among biotechnology specialists is that within a few years the news
will break of the birth of the first human clone.
Variations on cloning technology are already used in biotechnology labs all across the
country. These techniques will allow the creation of cloned herds of sheep and cows
that produce medicines in their milk. Researchers also hope that one day, the ability to
clone adult human cells will make it possible to "grow" new hearts and livers and
nerve cells.
But some of the same techniques could also be used to grow a baby. Debate over issues
like abortion and euthanasia will seem transparent compared with the questions that
human cloning raises. Trying to block one line of research could impede another and so
reduce the chances of finding cures for ailments such as Alzheimer‘s and Parkinson's,
cancer and heart disease. So we are left with choices and a need to think through
whether it is this technology that alarms us or just certain ways of using it.

http://home.honolulu.hawaii.edu/~pine/Phil100/cloning.htm
 Researchers in South Korea claim
1. Rather than (line 7) means they have already created a cloned
a) together with b) soon after c) apart from d) instead of human embryo, though they
destroyed it rather than implanting
it in a surrogate mother to develop.
2. Fuse (line 11) means
take a donor egg, suck out the
a) take b) copy c) join d) grow
nucleus, and hence the DNA, and
fuse it with.
3. Block (line 28) means
b) develop b) obstruct c) start d) isolate Trying to block one line of research
could impede another and so reduce
the chances of finding cures for
4. The word it (line 11) refers to
ailments.
c) egg b) DNA c) cell d) duplicate
take a donor egg, suck out the
nucleus, and hence the DNA, and
5. Zavos and Anrrinori got together in fuse it with.
d) an attempt to create a human clone.
e) specialized studies of Dolly’s creation. Zavos of the University of Kentucky, announced that
f) scientific research in South Korea. he and Italian researcher Severino Antinori, were
g) the selection of surrogate mothers. forming a consortium to produce the first human clone

6. The evidence that cloning is not very hard is the Given what researchers have learned
h) existence of a donor c) discovery of DNA since Dolly, the mechanics of cloning are
i) creation of Dolly d) growth of a skin not very hard
 Researchers also hope that one day, the ability
7. One advantage of cloning human cells will be to to clone adult human cells will make it possible
a) create new organs b) produce medicines. to "grow" new hearts and livers and nerve cells
c) prevent heart attacks d) eliminate nerve diseases.

8. Compared with abortion and euthanasia, the question of human

cloning is
a) more complex Debate over issues like abortion and euthanasia
will seem transparent compared with the questions
b) as difficult
that human cloning raises.
c) less polemic
d) easily solved

9. The danger of technology is

e) a reduction in cures
So we are left with choices and a need to think
f) its effects on the body through whether it is this technology that
g) the way it can be used alarms us or just certain ways of using it
h) to clone a deformed baby

10. The text is about

i) a genetic specialist.
to produce the first human clone, Variations
j) the discovery of DNA.
on cloning technology, it is this technology
k) experiences with infertility. that alarms us or just certain ways of using it
l) problems of human cloning.
PUC Rio – 2010: Intensivo p. 10

TEXTING MAY BE TAKING A TOLL

They do it late at night when their parents are asleep. They do it in restaurants and
while crossing busy streets. They do it in the classroom with their hands behind
their back. They do it so much their thumbs hurt. Spurred by the unlimited texting
plans offered by different carriers, American teenagers sent and received an
average of 2,272 text messages per month in the fourth quarter of 2008, according
to the Nielsen Company — almost 80 messages a day, more than double the
average of a year earlier.
The phenomenon is beginning to worry physicians and psychologists, who say it is
leading to anxiety, distraction in school, falling grades, repetitive stress injury and
sleep deprivation. Dr. Martin Joffe, a pediatrician in Greenbrae, Calif., recently
surveyed students at two local high schools and said he found that many were
routinely sending hundreds of texts every day. “That’s one every few minutes,” he
said. “Then you hear that these kids are responding to texts late at night. That’s
going to cause sleep issues in an age group that’s already plagued with sleep
issues.”
The rise in texting is too recent to have produced any conclusive data on health
effects. But Sherry Turkle, a psychologist who […] has studied texting among
teenagers in the Boston area for three years, said it might be causing a shift in the
way adolescents develop. “Among the jobs of adolescence are to separate from your
parents, and to find the peace and quiet to become the person you decide you want to
be,” she said. “Texting hits directly at both those jobs.”
Psychologists expect to see teenagers break free from their parents as they grow into
autonomous adults, Professor Turkle went on, “but if technology makes something like
staying in touch very, very easy, that’s harder to do; now you have adolescents who are
texting their mothers 15 times a day, asking things like, ‘Should I get the red shoes or the
blue shoes?’ ” As for peace and quiet, she said, “if something next to you is vibrating
every couple of minutes, it makes it very difficult to be in that state of mind. If you’re
being deluged by constant communication, the pressure to answer immediately is quite
high,” she added. “So if you’re in the middle of a thought, forget it.” […]
Texting may also be taking a toll on teenagers’ thumbs. Annie Wagner, 15, a ninth-grade
honor student in Bethesda, Md., used to text on her tiny phone as fast as she typed on a
regular keyboard. A few months ago, she noticed a painful cramping in her thumbs.
Peter W. Johnson, an associate professor of environmental and occupational health
sciences at the University of Washington, said it was too early to tell whether this kind
of stress is damaging. But he added, “Based on our experiences with computer users, we
know intensive repetitive use of the upper extremities can lead to musculoskeletal
disorders, so we have some reason to be concerned that too much texting could lead to
temporary or permanent damage to the thumbs.”
By Katie Hafner.
The New York Times, May 25, 2009.
1. The main purpose of the text is to: “Based on our experiences
(A)list all the causes of thumb disorders among America’s youth. with computer users, we know
(B)suggest different ways to get away from constant communication. intensive repetitive use of the
(C)explain in detail how technology prevents teenagers from finding upper extremities can lead to
peace. musculoskeletal disorders, so
we have some reason to be
(D)argue that American teens are increasingly dependent on their mothers.
concerned that too much
(E)alert for possible adverse effects of constant texting on youngsters. texting could lead to
temporary or permanent
2. According to lines (lines 4-10), American teens: damage to the thumbs.”
(A)increased by 50% the number of messages sent in 2008 as compared to American teenagers sent and
received an average of 2,272
2007.
text messages per month in
(B)exchanged an average of 2,272 text messages per month during the the fourth quarter of 2008,
whole past year. according to the Nielsen
(C)wrote more than two thousand text messages per month in the last four Company — almost 80
months of 2008. messages a day, more than
(D)were writing a daily average of slightly less than eighty messages in double the average of a year
the last three months of 2008. earlier.
(E)from October to December 2008 sent and received twice as many
The phenomenon is
messages than in all previous years. beginning to worry
physicians and
3. Mark the option that completes the following sentence according to psychologists, who
the information found in (lines 11-14): “Physicians and psychologists say it is leading to
say that because of constant texting teenagers may ______.” anxiety, distraction
(A)get sick very easily (B)be able to control anxiety in school, falling
(C)start falling asleep in school (D)overcome sleeping problems grades, repetitive
stress injury and
(E)stop paying attention to classes sleep deprivation
4. Mark the sentence in which the word “as” is used in the same
sense as in “Psychologists expect to see teenagers break free from a. Quando
b. Como
their parents as they grow into autonomous adults,” (lines 31-32). c. Como
(A)She cried bitterly as she told her story. d. tão…quanto
(B)Some flowers, as the rose, require special care. e. Como
(C)As you are leaving last, please turn out the lights.
(D)I don’t think it’s as hot and humid today as it was yesterday.
(E)It is fairly certain that you will be able to find a job as a teacher.
Ability = can
5. “Might” in “...might be causing a shift...” (lines 25-26) and Possibility = may/might
“should” in “ ‘Should I get the red shoes or the blue shoes?’ ” (linesAdvice = should/shouldn’t/ought to
36-37) express the ideas of, respectively: Permission = can
(A)ability – condition. (B)probability – duty. Obligation = have to/must
(C)possibility – advice. (D)permission – obligation. Duty (dever)
Probability = be likely to
(E)theoretical ability – assumption.

6. In the statement “Texting may also be taking a toll on teenagers’

thumbs.” (lines 44-45), “taking a toll on” means that texting:
(A)is causing damage to the thumbs.
(B)is preventing musculoskeletal disorders.
(C)may improve the use of students’ hands. Take a toll = cause damage to someone
(D)depends on the thumbs to be performed.
(E)has destroyed the thumbs of Americans.
7. Check the correct statement concerning the pronoun “it” in They do it late at night when
the text. their parents are asleep
(A)In “They do it in restaurants and while crossing busy streets.”
The phenomenon is beginning
(line 2), “it” refers to “crossing busy streets”. to worry physicians and
(B)In “...who say it is leading to anxiety,” (line 12), “it” refers to psychologists, who say it is
“the phenomenon”. leading to anxiety
(C)In “...said it might be causing a shift in the way adolescents
Sherry Turkle, a psychologist
develop.” (lines 25-26), “it” refers to “the Boston area”. who […] has studied texting
(D)In “... makes it very difficult to be in that state of mind.” (lines among teenagers in the Boston
39-40), “it” refers to “something next to you”. area for three years, said it
(E)In “ ‘So if you’re in the middle of a thought, forget it.’ ” (lines might be
42-43), “it” refers to “the pressure to answer immediately”. (…)

8. In “we know intensive repetitive use of the upper extremities

can lead to musculoskeletal disorders,” (lines 53-55), “lead”
could be replaced by any of the words below, EXCEPT:
(A)cause.
(B)worsen.
Lead = levar a
(C)prompt. Cause = causar
(D)result in. Result in = resultar em
(E)generate. Generate = gerar
Prompt = pronto, pontual, imediato
9. Check the words that have the same relationship as
“temporary” and “permanent” (line 57).
(A)to purchase – to lend. opposites
(B)to survey – to oversee.
(C)understanding – displeasure.
(D)serenity – excitement.
(E)soon – early.

10. Peter W. Johnson’s comments on the intensive use

of thumbs for constant texting (lines 47-57) can be
understood as:
(A)subtle irony. Texting may also be taking a toll on teenagers’ thumbs.
(B)undue alarm. Annie Wagner, 15, a ninth-grade honor student in
(C)heavy criticism. Bethesda, Md., used to text on her tiny phone as fast as
she typed on a regular keyboard. A few months ago, she
(D)a formal complaint. noticed a painful cramping in her thumbs.
(E)an important warning.
ENEM EXERCISES – (p. 11)

Brazilian NGOs establish a network to

influence climate change policies
Publication date: October 2002
Source: Center for International Climate and
Environmental Research
16 November 2005 | EN

Through much of the past climate change negotiations, there has been little interaction
between the Brazilian government and non-governmental organizations. In 2002
however, Brazilian NGOs formed a network because they were not satisfied with how the
government dealt with important climate concerns, especially the link between
deforestation and global warming.

The network, called the Climate Observatory, aims to become a vehicle for influencing
government views and policies on climate change. A first priority was to direct more
attention to deforestation, an important yet controversial issue, both in Brazil and the
international arena. In 2002, the network had 26 members from all over Brazil, and the
effects of the network have included a broader participation of NGOs in the climate
change debate in Brazil.
1. The idea of organizing a network called Climate Observatory
a) was established in a social network discussion about Brazilian
policies. Brazilian NGOs formed a
b) emerged from a dissatisfaction with government’s policies on network because they were
climate issues. not satisfied with how the
c) was structured by government and non-governmental members government dealt with
d) emerged from 26 members from all over Brazil. important climate concerns
e) came from an initiative from the Brazilian government.

2. After reading the text, we can conclude that the main aim of
the network is
f) to build a tool to fight against the global warming.
g) to draw national attention to deforestation in Amazonia. The network, called the
h) to create a problematic issue both in Brazil and around the Climate Observatory, aims to
world. become a vehicle for
i) to negotiate deforestation among national and international influencing government views
NGOs and policies on climate change
j) to have an effect on the government’s climate policies.

3. The word yet in the sentence “A first priority was to direct

more attention to deforestation, an important yet
controversial issue […]” represents
a) contrast b) condition c) reason Yet = however
d) cause e) addition
UFMG 2004– (p. 20)
The best way to boost self-esteem
Working hard to accomplish great things is a healthy way to pump your ego? No
necessarily, according to researchers at the University of Michigan. In their survey of 642
college freshmen, those who measured their self-worth against objective standards, such
as getting good grades, were actually more stressed – and received no higher marks –
than those who based how they felt themselves on their relationships with others. That’s
not to say that you shouldn’t work hard; just don’t make it all about you. “Instead of
focusing on whether you’re succeeding, ask yourself, ‘What am I contributing to society?
How will people benefit from what I’m doing?’, suggests lead researcher Jennifer
Crocker, Ph.D. “This takes the pressure off you and guarantees that your work will
always feel meaningful.”
(Redbook, March 2003, p. 52)

1. According to research, working hard to succeed in a task

a) contributes to the relationship with others.
b) can make most freshmen more relaxed. Working hard to accomplish
c) usually results in good grades. great things is a healthy way
to pump your ego? No
d) does not always improve self-esteem.
necessarily, according to
researchers at the University
of Michigan
2. The research indicates that students are more stressed when
they college freshmen, those who
a)base their value on the success they achieve in their measured their self-worth
studies. against objective standards,
b) aim at offering a contribution to society as a whole. such as getting good grades,
c)measure their self-esteem against the relations they were actually more stressed
keep.
d)make sure the work they do is really meaningful. ‘What am I contributing to
society? How will people benefit
3. Dr. Crocker defends that, to avoid stress, people should from what I’m doing?’, suggests
a) focus on their role in society. lead researcher Jennifer Crocker,
b) concentrate on their career. Ph.D. “This takes the pressure off
c) work to get higher marks. you and guarantees that your work
d) reach objective standards. will always feel meaningful.”

4. “[…] to say that you shouldn’t work hard […]” (lines 9-10)
You = impersonal you, the
The word you refers to
one who reads the article
a) college freshmen. b) anyone c) the writer d) crocker

5. The words boost (title) and pump (line 2) are used in the text
with similar meaning to The best way to boost self-
a) Identify b) evaluate c) measure d) increase esteem
Working hard to accomplish
great things is a healthy way
to pump your ego?
CEFET 2010 – Intensivo p. 21 / E-Waste Not
Even though holiday sales were down at least 2% from 2007, millions of Americans awoke
Christmas morning to new computers, TVs and iPhones. Many of those gifts were replacements or
upgrades, which prompt the question – what should you do with your old cell phone and other
electronic equipment?
If you're like some 80% of Americans, you'll simply toss your obsolete gizmos into the trash. After
all, that Jurassic 15-in. (38 cm) computer monitor doesn't look as though it's packing up to 7 lb. (3 kg)
of lead. Every day Americans throw out more than 350,000 cell phones and 130,000 computers, making
electronic waste the fastest-growing part of the U.S. garbage stream. Improperly disposed of, the lead,
mercury and other toxic materials inside e-waste can leak from landfills.
If you're part of the 20% trying to do the right thing by recycling your e-waste, there's something
else to worry about. Old phones and computers can be dismantled to get at the useful metals inside, but
doing so safely is time-consuming. Thus, many electronics recyclers ship American e-waste abroad,
where it is stripped and burned with little concern for environmental or human health. And authorities
rarely stop the export of potentially hazardous e-waste. The U.S. is the only industrialized country that
refused to ratify the 19-year-old Basel Convention, an international treaty designed to regulate the
export of hazardous waste to developing nations. Meanwhile, the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) oversees the export of only one type of e-waste – cathode-ray tubes in old TVs and monitors –
and a report by the Government Accountability Office dismissed the EPA's enforcement as "lacking".
The same report included a stinging investigation that found that 43 U.S. recycling firms were willing
to ship broken monitors with cathode-ray tubes to buyers in foreign countries without getting the
required permission from the EPA and the receiving nations. Yet some of these companies had been
trumpeting their exemplary environmental principles to the public. According to the report, at least
three of them held Earth Day 2008 electronics-recycling events.
 A lot of exported e-waste ends up in Guiyu, China, a recycling hub where peasants heat circuit
boards over coal fires to recover lead, while others use acid to burn off bits of gold. According to
reports from nearby Shantou University, Guiyu has the highest level of cancer-causing dioxins in the
world and elevated rates of miscarriages. According to Jim Puckett, founder of Basel Action Network
(BAN), an e-waste watchdog, women are seen sitting by the fireplace burning laptop adapters, with
rivers of ash pouring out of houses. "We're dumping on the rest of the world", he says.
Puckett and other environmentalists are pushing for a full ban on e-waste exports. They're hopeful
that the new Administration will prove receptive; as a Senator, President-elect Barack Obama co-
sponsored a bill that in 2008 became a law barring the export of mercury. In the meantime, green
groups are pressuring electronics manufacturers to take responsibility for the afterlife of their products.
The strategy is working. By reducing toxic metals like mercury and using fewer small pieces of
aluminum and glass, companies like Apple now design their laptops to be more easily recycled. Sony
has pledged to work only with recyclers that promise not to export e-waste. And Dell, which since 2004
has offered free recycling for its products, recently announced an in-store recycling program with
Staples. To confirm that its recyclers are really recycling, Dell uses environmental- audit firms to check
up on its partners.
So how do you ensure that your old phone doesn't end up poisoning a kid in China? If it's still
working and in good condition, you can sell it to Greenphone.com which markets such phones to poor
customers overseas. If it's broken, don't put it in the garbage with the wrapping paper and the fruitcake.
Instead, find out if your retailer or manufacturer offers free recycling. If not, BAN has put together a list
of "e-stewards", U.S. recyclers the group has accredited; check them out at ban.org.
However, one tiny activist group can't stop the mountain of e-waste Americans are producing; a mountain
that will only grow when cable companies stop broadcasting analog signals and render obsolete the
millions of rabbit ears used on old TV sets. Some TV manufacturers, like Sony, are offering free take-back
programs, but if you really want to be e-green, try this: get a coupon from Uncle Sam for a discounted
digital converter, and don't upgrade your old TV or phone or computer for a little while longer. It may not
be in the generous holiday spirit, but it certainly fits the new recessionary one.

WALSH, Bryan. E-Waste Not. Time, January 08,2009. (adaptado) Disponível em:
<http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1870485,00.html>.Acesso em 04 ago. 2009.
QUESTION 13 - The word which is used as a noun
in the correspondent paragraphs is
a) barring (paragraph 6).
b) recycling (paragraph 7).
c) receiving (paragraph 4).
d) developing (paragraph 3).
e) broadcasting (paragraph 8).
QUESTÃO 14 - The correct referent for the word
others in paragraph 5 is
a) peasants.
b) reports.
c) dioxins.
d) boards.
e) fires.
...a bill that became a law barring the export of
mercury.
Instead, find out if your retailer or manufacturer
offers free recycling.
The same report included a stinging investigation
that found that 43 U.S. recycling firms were
willing to ship broken monitors with cathode-ray
tubes to buyers in foreign countries without
getting the required permission from the EPA and
the receiving nations.
…designed to regulate the export of hazardous
waste to developing nations.
…a mountain that will only grow
when cable companies stop broadcasting analog
signals and render
A lot of exported e-waste ends up in
Guiyu, China, a recycling hub where
peasants heat circuit boards over coal
fires to recover lead, while others use
acid to burn off bits of gold. According
to reports
QUESTÃO 16 - In the text, all the following
expressions refer to the act of giving
unwanted or useless things away, EXCEPT
a) toss into (paragraph 2).
b) throw out (paragraph 2).
c) disposed of (paragraph 2).
d) pouring out (paragraph 5).
e) dumping on (paragraph 5).
QUESTÃO 17 - According to paragraph 4, about
three of the recycling firms that took part in the
Earth Day 2008 electronics-recycling events were
being
a) hopeful.
b) genuine.
c) deceitful. (enganador/doloso/mentiroso)
d) optimistic.
e) cooperative.
• If you're like some 80% of Americans, you'll
simply toss your obsolete gizmos into the
trash.
• Every day Americans throw out more than
350,000 cell phones and 130,000 computers…
• Improperly disposed of, the lead, mercury
and other toxic materials inside e-waste can
leak from landfills.
• According to Jim Puckett, founder of Basel
Action Network (BAN), an e-waste watchdog,
women are seen sitting by the fireplace burning
laptop adapters, with rivers of ash pouring out
of houses. "We're dumping on the rest of the
world", he says.
The same report included a stinging investigation
that found that 43 U.S. recycling firms were
willing to ship broken monitors with cathode-ray
tubes to buyers in foreign countries without
getting the required permission from the EPA and
the receiving nations. Yet some of these
companies had been trumpeting their exemplary
of these companies had been trumpeting their
exemplary environmental principles to the public.
According to the report, at least three of them
held Earth Day 2008 electronics-recycling events.
QUESTÃO 18 - The idea from the text that CANNOT
be connected to Puckett's opinion in paragraph 5 is:
a) Fast-growing e-waste quantity in developed countries.
b) Recycling innovations to extract useful metals from e-
waste.
c) Illegal export of discarded electronics to developing
countries.
d) Improper electronic equipment dismantling for selling
purposes.
e) Toxic materials contaminating Chinese underprivileged
children.
QUESTÃO 19 - The main purpose of the text is to
a) denounce illegal e-waste export.
b) show the problematic side of e-waste recycling.
c) pressure electronics manufacturers to recycle e-waste.
d) support the environmentalists' campaigns on e-waste
ban.
e) convince consumers to recycle their e-waste more
properly.
A lot of exported e-waste ends up in Guiyu,
China, a recycling hub where peasants
(camponeses) heat circuit boards over coal
fires to recover lead, while others use acid to
burn off bits of gold. According to reports
from nearby Shantou University, Guiyu has the
highest level of cancer-causing dioxins in the
world and elevated rates of miscarriages
(aborto). According to Jim Puckett, founder of
Basel Action Network (BAN), an e-waste
watchdog, women are seen sitting by the
fireplace burning laptop adapters, with rivers
of ash pouring out of houses. "We're dumping
on the rest of the world", he says.
So how do you ensure that your old phone
doesn't end up poisoning a kid in China? If it's
still working and in good condition, you can
sell it to Greenphone.com which markets such
phones to poor customers overseas. If it's
broken, don't put it in the garbage with the
wrapping paper and the fruitcake. Instead, find
out if your retailer or manufacturer offers free
recycling. If not, BAN has put together a list of
"e-stewards", U.S. recyclers the group has
accredited; check them out at ban.org.
This comic strip shows that it is also difficult to reduce the number of old TV sets or
their toxic materials sent to recycling hubs because some decisions go beyond the
choices made by
a) environmentalists.
b) administrators.
c) broadcasters.
d) consumers.
e) politicians.
FUVEST 2011– Intensivo p. 22
Text 1
The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online
are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per
cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought
over the counter are fakes.
Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after
receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in
1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol – a solvent
used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak
of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu.
What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical
Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when
it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale
prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features
on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the
UK’s Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.
New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado.
1. De acordo com o texto, medicamentos falsificados, em geral,
a) são consumidos apenas em países pobres e de pouco acesso à internet.
b) encontram dificuldade de comercialização com o aparecimento de novas doenças.
c) são ineficazes e contêm elementos danosos à saúde em sua composição.
d) possuem embalagens atraentes que ludibriam o consumidor.
e) vêm sendo criteriosamente apreendidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde.
2. O texto informa que os falsificadores
a) atuam na venda de remédios no mercado atacadista.
The fakers are nothing if
b) roubam o selo de qualidade da Organização Mundial da Saúde.
c) utilizam placebo nos medicamentos.
not market-aware
d) apresentam-se como representantes oficiais da indústria
farmacêutica.
e) estão sempre alertas à demanda do mercado.

3. Segundo o texto, para conter a venda de medicamentos

falsificados, a Organização Mundial da Saúde The WHO coordinates an
a) estimula a venda promocional de medicamentos importantes sempre umbrella body called the
que necessário. International Medical
b) coordena o trabalho de uma organização que acompanha o Products Anti-
fornecimento de remédios no mercado farmacêutico, alertando para Counterfeiting Taskforce
possíveis irregularidades. (IMPACT), an industry
c) exige que todos os medicamentos exibam o holograma da initiative that issues alerts
organização e o código de barras. when it finds anomalies in
d) controla o lançamento de novos medicamentos no mercado, a the medicine supply chain.
exemplo do Tamiflu.
e) autoriza apenas a comercialização de medicamentos que passaram
pelo crivo das agências sanitárias internacionais.
Text 2

Europe’s economic distress could be China’s opportunity. In the past, the country has
proved a hesitant investor in the continent, but figures show a 30 percent surge in new
Chinese projects in Europe last year. And these days Europe looks ever more tempting.
Bargains proliferate as the yuan strengthens and cash-strapped governments forget
concerns over foreign ownership of key assets. On a recent visit to Greece, Vice Premier
Zhang Dejiang sealed 14 deals, reportedly the largest Chinese investment package in
Europe, covering a range of sectors from construction to telecoms.

Meanwhile, Irish authorities have opened talks with Chinese promoters to develop a 240-
hectare industrial park in central Ireland where Chinese manufacturers could operate inside
the European Union free of quotas and costly tariffs. In time, that could bring 10,000 new
jobs. “It’s good business,” says Vanessa Rossi, an authority on China at the Royal Institute
of International Affairs in London. “There’s big mutual benefit here.” Europe needs
money; China needs markets.

Newsweek, July 19, 2010, p. 6. Adaptado.

 1. Segundo o texto, a China
a) aproveitou o momento da crise mundial e fez vários
investimentos no próprio país.
b) teve problemas econômicos similares aos dos
países europeus, mas conseguiu superá-los.
c) hesitava em investir em países asiáticos e perdeu
boas oportunidades na região.
d) aumentou seus investimentos na Europa no ano
passado.
e) ressurgiu como potência mundial após vários anos
de isolamento.
On a recent visit to Greece, Vice
Premier Zhang Dejiang sealed 14
deals, reportedly the largest
Chinese investment package in
Europe, covering a range of
sectors from construction to
telecoms
Newsweek, July 19, 2010, p. 6.
Adaptado. FUVEST – SP – 2011

2. Afirma-se, no texto, que a Irlanda

a) negocia com a China o desenvolvimento de um parque Irish authorities have opened
industrial que trará benefícios à Europa e à própria China. talks with Chinese promoters
b) possui um plano de desenvolvimento que exime os to develop a 240-hectare
investidores de pagamento de impostos. industrial park in central
c) enfrenta sérios problemas de desemprego, que já Ireland where Chinese
afetaram dez mil trabalhadores. manufacturers could operate
d) deseja fechar acordos que envolvam outros países da inside the European Union
free of quotas and costly
União Europeia.
tariffs
e) planeja as mudanças que pretende implementar junto à
Câmara Real de Negócios Internacionais, em Londres.
ENEM EXERCISES p. 23
Social networks can warn of disease after disasters

Social networks quickly gather data on possible disease outbreaks after natural disasters, writes
biosurveillance expert James Wilson.

When a natural disaster strikes and there is an imminent threat of a disease outbreak, existing public
health surveillance systems often cannot hope to meet the emergency operational needs of healthcare
teams working in challenging conditions. 
This year's massive earthquake in Haiti, for example, killed up to 250,000 people and displaced
another two million in the small, under-resourced Caribbean nation. Many of these displaced people
continue to live in grossly unsanitary tents where diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, diarrheal
illnesses, HIV/AIDS and TB can spread. But the earthquake also killed a significant number of the
medical and public health community, and clinics, offices and hardcopy records were destroyed.
In such situations, there is a clear need for an early warning system that provides this hard-pressed
medical community with infectious disease surveillance. Our organization, Praecipio International,
has been at the forefront of operational biosurveillance across the globe — from reporting anthrax
outbreaks in Asia to spikes in viral fever cases in India.
We received an alert about the Haiti earthquake 26 minutes after the event, through the Global
Disaster Alert and Coordination System. We quickly did a sweep of the Internet and began
monitoring Twitter feeds in six languages for the island of Hispaniola, which includes Haiti.
We knew straightaway from media, blogs and text message traffic what was being reported about
infectious disease. By consulting peer-reviewed literature, we constructed a baseline for several
diseases and issued the first infectious disease forecast report for Haiti on 17 January. 
By integrating forecasting and real-time warning systems with rapid, clinical response, countries in the
grip of disaster can control outbreaks of infectious disease and potentially save thousands of lives. This
is a vital, if often overlooked, component of not only response and recovery but also preparedness and
ultimately, community resilience. 
Certainly for Haiti, anything that can be done to stop further loss of life and build a foundation for
community resilience should be pursued. Through operational biosurveillance, Haiti can become the
first country in the world to anticipate and intervene to halt disease outbreaks and epidemics, and serve
as a model for the rest of the world.

James Wilson is executive director of Praecipio International and the Haiti Epidemic Advisory System

http://www.scidev.net/en/opinions/social-networks-can-warn-of-disease-after-disasters.html
11 August 2010
1. The main idea defended by the text is that
a) there is nothing to do to avoid disease outbreaks Social networks quickly
when a natural disaster happens gather data on possible
b) if a tornado strikes against a town citizens can be disease outbreaks after
natural disasters
warned before it happens.
c) the aftermath of a natural disaster is often
unavoidable and unpredictable.
d) social networks can help to warn about disease
outbreaks after a natural disaster.
e) nothing could be done to help the medical and
public health teams in Haiti. This year's massive earthquake in
Haiti, for example, killed up to
2. Concerning the previous text, after the 250,000 people and displaced
earthquake, the Haitian people another two million in the small,
under-resourced Caribbean
f) suffered the consequences of unsanitary conditions.
nation. Many of these displaced
g) were deployed from their country due to the people continue to live in grossly
challenging sanitary conditions. unsanitary tents where diseases
h) believed the public health conditions would be such as malaria, dengue fever,
neglected in the country diarrheal illnesses, HIV/AIDS and
i) were not helped by operational biosurveillance of TB can spread
social networks.
j) died because their government neglected medical
assistance.
3. The word “halt” in the sentence “[…] Haiti can
become the first country in the word to anticipate
and intervene to halt disease outbreaks and
epidemics […]” can be understood as
a) increase
b) stop
c) release halt = stop
d) develop
e) quit

4. According to the text, it is possible to state about

Praecipio International that
f) Haiti is the first and only country in which the
organization has effectively acted. Our organization, Praecipio
g) it was created to develop an epidemic control International, has been at the
network in Haiti after the earthquake. forefront of operational
h) it has reported anthrax outbreaks in Asia and spikes biosurveillance across the
in viral fever cases in India. globe — from reporting
i) it was created to give courses on public health to the anthrax outbreaks in Asia to
Haitian medical community. spikes in viral fever cases in
India.
j) its offices and hardcopy records were destroyed by
the earthquake in Haiti.
ENEM - 2010 – p. 24 – The Weather Man

THE WEATHER MAN

They say that the British love talking about the weather. For other
nationalities this can be a banal and boring subject of conversation,
something that people talk about when they have nothing else to say to
each other. And yet the weather is a very important part of our lives.
That at least is the opinion of Barry Gromett, press officer for the Met
Office. This is located in Exeter, a pretty cathedral city in the southwest
of England. Here employees – and computers – supply weather
forecasts for much of the world.
Speak Up. Ano XXIII, nº 275. British love talking
about the weather. For
other nationalities this
Ao conversar sobre a previsão do tempo, o texto mostra can be a banal and
a) o aborrecimento do cidadão britânico ao falar sobre banalidades. boring subject of
b) a falta de ter o que falar em situações de avaliação de línguas. conversation,
c) a importância de se entender sobre meteorologia para falar inglês. something that people
d) as diferenças e as particularidades culturais no uso de uma língua. talk about when they
e) o conflito de diferentes idéias e opiniões ao se comunicar em inglês have nothing else to
say to each other. And
yet the weather is a
very important part of
our lives
UFMG 2006 – May Day – the Real Labor Day
May 1st, International Workers. Day, commemorates the historic struggle of working people
throughout the world, and is recognized in every country except the United States, Canada, and
South Africa. This despite the fact that the holiday began in the 1880s in the United States, with
the fight for an eight-hour work day.
In 1884, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions passed a resolution stating that
eight hours would constitute a legal day’s work after May 1st, 1886. The resolution called for a
general strike to achieve the goal, since legislative methods had failed. With workers being forced
to work ten to fourteen hours a day, support for the eight-hour movement grew rapidly. By April
1886, 250,000 workers were involved in the May Day movement.
The heart of the movement was in Chicago, organized primarily by the Anarchist International
Working People’s Association. Businesses and the state were terrified by the increasingly
revolutionary character of the movement and prepared accordingly. The police and militia were
increased in size and received new weapons financed by local business leaders. Nevertheless, by
May 1st, the movement had won gains for many Chicago clothing cutters, shoemakers, and
packing-house workers.
But on May 3rd, 1886, police fired into a crowd of strikers at the McCormick Reaper Works
Factory, killing four and wounding many. Anarchists called for a mass meeting the next day in
Haymarket Square to protest the brutality.
The meeting proceeded without incident, until only a few hundred people remained. It was then
that 180 cops marched into the square and ordered the meeting to disperse. As the speakers
climbed down from the platform, a bomb was thrown at the police, killing one and injuring
seventy. Police responded by firing into the crowd, killing one worker and injuring many others.
Although it was never determined who threw the bomb, eight of Chicago’s most active anarchists
were charged with conspiracy to murder in connection with the Haymarket bombing. A kangaroo
court found all eight guilty, despite the lack of evidence (the only one at the meeting was on the
speakers. platform), and they were sentenced to die. Albert Parsons, August Spies, Adolf Fischer,
and George Engel were hanged on November 11th, 1887. Louis Lingg committed suicide in
prison. The
remaining three were finally pardoned in 1893.
It is not surprising that the state, business leaders, mainstream union officials, and the media
would want to hide the true history of May Day, portraying it as a holiday celebrated only in
Moscow’s Red Square. In its attempt to erase the history and significance of May Day, the United
States government declared May lst to be .Law Day., and gave Americans instead a Labor Day in
September . A holiday devoid of any historical significance.
Adapted from http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/mayday.html
Access: April 2005.
QUESTION 01
After reading the text .May Day - the Real Labor Day., NUMBER the items in boxes B and C
below so that they coherently complete the sentences in box A, according to what you read.
(The first one is done for you as an example.)

A
1. Americans don.t recognize May 1st as the International Workers. Day,
2. In 1886 there was a general strike
3. Anarchists called for a meeting in Haymarket Square
4. Most people had already left the square
5. No one knew who threw the bomb;
6. The eight anarchists were sentenced to die

B C
( ) ALTHOUGH ( ) a bomb was thrown at the police.
( ) IN SPITE OF ( ) eight Chicago anarchists were arrested for conspiracy.
( ) DUE TO ( 1 ) May Day holiday began in the US.
( ) HOWEVER, ( ) protest against the police action on May 3rd.
( ) SINCE ( ) the lack of evidence connecting them to the bomb thrower.
( ) SO AS TO ( ) the long hours workers were forced to work.
( ) WHEN
QUESTION 01
After reading the text .May Day - the Real Labor Day., NUMBER the items in boxes B and C
below so that they coherently complete the sentences in box A, according to what you read.
(The first one is done for you as an example.)

A
1. Americans don.t recognize May 1st as the International Workers. Day,
2. In 1886 there was a general strike
3. Anarchists called for a meeting in Haymarket Square
4. Most people had already left the square
5. No one knew who threw the bomb;
6. The eight anarchists were sentenced to die

B C
( 1 ) ALTHOUGH ( 4 ) a bomb was thrown at the police.
( 6 ) IN SPITE OF ( 5 ) eight Chicago anarchists were arrested for conspiracy.
( 2 ) DUE TO ( 1 ) May Day holiday began in the US.
( 5 ) HOWEVER, ( 3 ) protest against the police action on May 3rd.
( ) SINCE ( 6 ) the lack of evidence connecting them to the bomb thrower.
( 3 ) SO AS TO ( 2 ) the long hours workers were forced to work.
( 4 ) WHEN
QUESTION 02
CONNECT the sentences by using a word from the list below, according to what you read in
the text .May Day - the Real Labor Day. (The first one is done for you.)

that / who(m) / when / where / which / whose

1. May 1st started in the US. They do not recognize that holiday.
The U. S., where May 1st started, do not recognize that holiday.
2. In 1884, a Federation of Unions passed a resolution. That resolution demanded an eight-hour
working day.
In 1884, a Federation of Unions _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. In 1886, Chicago was an industrial center. The heart of the movement was there.
In 1886, Chicago _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. The Chicago police and militia were increased in size. They received new weapons.
The Chicago police and militia_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. There was a protest meeting on May 4th, 1886. The police fired into the crowd that day.
There was a protest meeting _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Seven people were charged. Those people were not present at the meeting.
Seven people ___________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 02
CONNECT the sentences by using a word from the list below, according to what you read in
the text .May Day - the Real Labor Day. (The first one is done for you.)

that / who(m) / when / where / which / whose

1. May 1st started in the US. They do not recognize that holiday.
The U. S., where May 1st started, do not recognize that holiday.
2. In 1884, a Federation of Unions passed a resolution. That resolution demanded an eight-hour
working day.
In 1884, a Federation of Unions passed a resolution which demanded aneight-hour working day.

3. In 1886, Chicago was an industrial center. The heart of the movement was there.
In 1886, Chicago , which was an industrial center, was the heart of the movement.

4. The Chicago police and militia were increased in size. They received new weapons.
The Chicago police and militia, who received new weapons, were increased in size.

5. There was a protest meeting on May 4th, 1886. The police fired into the crowd that day.
There was a protest meeting on May 4th, 1886, when the police fired into the crowd.

6. Seven people were charged. Those people were not present at the meeting.
Seven people who were charged were not presented at the meeting.
FGV – SP – 2011 (p. 30) RESTORATION DRAMA
The doormen outside the headquarters of Shanghai's Municipal Education Commission have a new
colleague these days. On Friday evenings and Saturday mornings they are joined by a young
Mandarin-speaking Israeli, who keeps an eye on comings and goings. The ivy-covered compound,
built in the 1920s, is also the home of Ohel Rachel, one of Shanghai's last surviving synagogues.
This month, for the first time in almost 60 years, it reopened for regular Sabbath services.
That Ohel Rachel was reopened, even though Judaism is not one of China’s five officially
recognised religions, is one of a number of signs that Shanghai may be coming to terms with its past.
After the Communist revolution in 1949, much of the city's history was swept under the carpet, and
its grand old buildings put to new uses. Some of these buildings had been designated for protection
in recent decades, but the heritage signs posted on them typically give little detail about their
previous significance.
Ohel Rachel was neglected for decades. Even now, the 2,000-strong Jewish community has
been promised regular access only until October, when the Shanghai World Expo ends. But Rabbi
Shalom Greenberg, who led the campaign for its reopening, says that the city’s authorities have
indicated unofficially that it will be hard to reverse the decision. He believes that Shanghai’s
economic revival has made officials more confident in treating its complex history, and able “to use
the past to benefit the future–even if the past was not so much to their liking.”
Shanghai’s small Russian Orthodox community has also, for the first time, received permission
to use one of the prewar churches built by White Russians. Shanghai’s former British cathedral, the
Holy Trinity, has been painstakingly renovated by China's official Protestant church.
At the north end of the Bund, Shanghai’s famous waterfront, the area around the original
British consulate has been renovated. Even the buildings’ original names, such as the Baptist
Publication Society Building and the former headquarters of Britain’s Royal Asiatic Society, have
been reinstated
 “This is nothing to do with politics,” says Zhou Wei, governor of the district which includes the
Bund. “This is about history and culture. This area is the root of the development of modern
Shanghai.” Mr Zhou says that Shanghai is treating the protection of its distinctive history and culture
with new seriousness.
Around the city, a number of signs detailing long-forgotten street names have been erected.
The Shanghai Corporate Pavilion at the World Expo, funded by local state enterprises, commissioned
a Pulitzer-prize-winning photographer, Liu Heung Shing, to compile a book of images of Shanghai's
history, giving him unprecedented access to the city’s archives.
Yet this more relaxed attitude towards history does not always beget more vigorous
preservation. In some areas of the city, demolition continues. The demand for new infrastructure, or
simply property, can be more than enough to trump the appeal of conservation. Parts of the wartime
Jewish “ghetto” area in Hongkou district, for instance, were recently knocked down. Parts of the past
itself are still off limits too. In Mr Liu’s book, a number of historical moments are notably absent,
such as the student protests in Shanghai in 1989. Some history is still too hard to face.

1 According to the information in the article, Ohel Rachel The Economist — May 29th-June 4th 2010
most likely
A must let Chinese citizens enter its premises as a condition for Ohel Rachel, one of Shanghai's
being allowed to conduct regular Sabbath services. last surviving synagogues. This
B was not used as a place for regular Sabbath services for more month, for the first time in
than half of its existence. almost 60 years, it reopened for
C recently moved to its new headquarters in a building at regular Sabbath services
Shanghai’s Municipal Education Commission compound.
D is the oldest synagogue in Shanghai.
E is the only Orthodox Jewish synagogue allowed to conduct
regular Sabbath services in Shanghai.
2 According to the information in the article, which of the following
probably best explains one important aspect of the reopening of Ohel
Rachel?
A It may indicate that China’s government is ready to give official
recognition to the Jewish religion.
B It will probably lead to a strengthening of diplomatic and commercial
relations between China and Israel.
C It could be a sign that Shanghai is finally willing to recognize the great
importance of Judaism in the development of the city.
D It is a sign that China may finally be willing to examine honestly the role
of various ethnic and religious groups in its long history.
E It could mean that Shanghai is starting to take an honest look at its history.

3 According to the information in the article, though Shanghai is showing

interest in protecting its historic buildings, it has
A concentrated most of its efforts on constructions from the Communist era.
B ignored many constructions because of their religious significance.
C refused to identify systematically which buildings are in fact being
protected.
D established vague, secretive criteria for judging the historical significance
of certain constructions.
E done little to help the general public understand why those buildings are
important.
4 In paragraph 3, the phrase “…the city’s authorities have indicated
unofficially that it will be hard to reverse the decision” most likely refers
to which of the following?
A Unfortunately, Ohel Rachel will probably be demolished to make way for
a new building.
B An agreement with Shanghai’s government means that Shanghai’s Jewish
community will probably have to vacate Ohel Rachel at the end of October.
C Shanghai’s government has let it be known informally that Shanghai’s
Jewish community will probably be allowed to continue using Ohel Rachel.
D It is highly doubtful that Shanghai’s government will change its mind and
continue to allow Ohel Rachel to be used for Jewish religious services.
E Shanghai’s government told Rabbi Shalom Greenberg that the city’s Jewish
community will be allowed regular access to Ohel Rachel only until the end of
the Shanghai World Expo.

5 In paragraph 5, “This” in the statement “This is nothing to do with

politics” most likely refers to the
A restoration of a section of the north end of Shanghai’s Bund.
B Shanghai government’s new religious and cultural tolerance.
C Shanghai government’s greater confidence, which is a consequence of the
city’s economic revival.
D Shanghai government’s decision to reopen Ohel Rachel for regular Sabbath
services.
E controversy surrounding the renovation of Shanghai’s old British consulate,
along with many neighboring buildings.
6 With respect to Shanghai’s history, which of the following is not
supported by the information in the article?
A At the moment, Ohel Rachel is one of a small group of Shanghai
synagogues that are still in operation.
B After the Communist revolution of 1949, Shanghai deliberately ignored
some important aspects of its multi-cultural, multi-religious history.
C One Jewish leader thinks that Shanghai officials find certain aspects of
their city’s history disagreeable.
D After the Communist revolution in 1949, Shanghai was too poor to study
and preserve its architectural and religious history.
E Religious discrimination in Shanghai was directed not only at the city’s
Jewish community, but also at other groups.

7 According to the information in the article, Liu Heung Shing

A made an all-inclusive and prize-winning book of historical Shanghai
images.
B was commissioned by the Shanghai government to photograph the city’s
current, day-to-day reality.
C made a book that fails to give a complete picture of Shanghai’s history.
D was the first person ever to enter Shangai´s archives.
E almost abandoned his historical-image project because of Shanghai
government interference.
8 According to the information in the article, Shanghai’s more liberal,
more serious approach to its culture and history

A is supported by the great majority of Shanghai residents.

B has at times been obliged to give way to business and political interests.
C has benefited mainly the city’s Jewish community.
D has received a lot of support from the Russian Orthodox Church and the
British government.
E still must overcome strong political opposition before it can be
implemented.
ENEM EXERCISES – p. 32
Crystal Ball
Come see your life in my crystal glass –
Twenty-five cents is all you pay
Let me look into your past –
Here’s what you had for lunch today:
Tuna salad and mashed potatoes,
Collard greens pea soup and apple juice,
Chocolate milk and lemon mousse.
You admit I’ve got told it all?
Well, I know it, I confess,
Not by looking, in my ball,
But just by looking at your dress.

SILVERSTEIN, S. Falling up. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1996.

A curiosidade a respeito do futuro pode exercer um fascínio peculiar sobre algumas

pessoas, a ponto de colocá-las em situações inusitadas. Na letra da música Crystal Ball essa
situação fica evidente quando é revelado à pessoa que ela

A recebeu uma boa notícia.

B ganhou um colar de pedras.
Not by looking, in my ball,
C se sujou durante o almoço.
D comprou vestidos novos.
But just by looking at your dress.
E encontrou uma moeda.
UFF-RJ – 2010
Read the following text and answer the questions.
“Learning never exhausts the mind”. (Leonardo Da Vinci)
“Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.” (Thomas Alva Edison)
By JANET RAE-DUPREE
Published: June 1, 2008
WHEN Thomas Alva Edison was starting in business, his first patent was for an automated vote-
tallying machine to let legislators know instantly which measures had passed and which had been
voted down. He sold not a one. It seems that legislators, accustomed to schmoozing and politicking
right through a vote’s tally, didn’t want to speed the process. But with the resilience he would show
throughout his life, Edison refused to view that episode as a failure. Instead, he used it to set the
stage for future decisions: He would pursue only those innovations that had a verifiable market
from the beginning. He went on to earn 1,092 more patents and to become a symbol of American
ingenuity.
Ancient history, right? Not so fast. True, Edison has long been revered for changing the face of
modern civilization. But beyond the material aspects of his success, he demonstrated that creativity
and innovation could result from a set of identifiable and repeatable processes. Like Leonardo Da
Vinci before him, Edison kept extensive notebooks detailing every idea he ever had and every
experiment he ever tried. He established the world’s first modern research and development
laboratory, hiring teams of experts in things as diverse as model making and chemical engineering.
Not only did he invent the incandescent light bulb, Edison also created the electric power industry
required for the bulb to light up millions of homes and businesses.
Michael J. Gelb, a corporate consultant, is co-author with Edison’s great-grandniece Sarah Miller
Caldicott of “Innovate Like Edison,” a 2007 book. Mr. Gelb began his research of historical figures
by turning to Da Vinci, a childhood hero. “His was a balanced brain in that he used the left and
right hemisphere of his cerebral cortex equally and to their fullest, something l’ve tried to get
people from DuPont and Microsoft and Merck* to do over the last 30 years,” Mr. Gelb says.
“Corporate executives today tend to be overly linear, logical, analytical. I’m trying to help them use
their intuition and artistic capabilities. If you want to compete in the challenging world of
international business, you can’t just rely on half a brain.” In his 1998 book “How to Think Like
Leonardo Da Vinci,” Mr. Gelb outlines seven principles that he believes define Da Vinci’s work:
*Curiosità, or curiosity, marking his insatiable quest for knowledge and continuous improvement.
*Dimostrazione, or demonstration, through which he learned by personal experience rather than
taking others’ reports for granted.
*Sensazione, or sensation, using the senses to sharpen observation and response.
*Sfumato, a painting technique employed by Da Vinci to create an ethereal quality in his work,
showing his ability to embrace ambiguity and change.
*Arte/scienza, or the science of art, which he demonstrated in his whole-brain thinking.
*Corporalità, or “of the body,” representing his belief that a healthy mind requires a healthy body.
*Connessione, or connection, for his habit of weaving together multiple disciplines around a single
idea.
Mr. Gelb’s books highlight the extraordinary talents of two geniuses: Da Vinci and Edison. He uses
these historical figures to show how they can be used as models of leadership and innovation for
modern civilization.
(Adapted from: http://www.nytimes.com)
*empresas multinacionais
Glossary
challenging = desafiador / hiring = contratando / resilience = resistência / revered = venerado
schmoozing = conversar casualmente / vote-tallying machine = máquina para contagem de votos

1. Edison’s first patent was unsuccessful because

(A) legislators didn’t want fast voting results.
(B) politicians wanted to accelerate the voting process.
(C) the vote-tallying machine broke down in the middle of the process.
(D) he succeeded in selling his invention.
(E) politicians welcomed the new invention.

2. The word ingenuity in “a symbol of American ingenuity” (lines

8-9) means:
(A) innocence. (B) inventiveness. (C) incredulity.
(D) simplicity. (E) hesitation.

3. Discourse markers are linguistic expressions which often

indicate the author’s attitude or intention in the text.
In “Not only did he invent the incandescent light bulb, Edison also
created the electricity power industry required for the bulb...” (lines
15-16), not only and also are used to
(A) inform that his inventions had been patented.
(B) consider both inventions unimportant.
(C) view Edison’s inventive mind as a strategic tool.
(D) see Edison as an ordinary inventor.
(E) highlight Edison’s inventive mind.
4. Reference is a cohesive device used to establish correlation
between words or groups of words in a text.

His in “His was a balanced brain...” (line 19) refers to

(A) a corporate consultant. (B) Edison. (C) Michael Gelb.
(D) Da Vinci. (E) a childhood hero.

5. Michael Gelb thinks that an exceptional feature about Leonardo

Da Vinci is
(A) he was his childhood hero.
(B) his thinking was linear and logical.
(C) he used equally and fully both hemispheres of his brain.
(D) he used his left hemisphere to its minimum;
(E) he only relied on half a brain.

6. Mr. Gelb outlines seven principles which define Da Vinci’s work.

Mark the principle that reflects more directly people’s learning
trajectory.
(A) Automaticity
(B) Demonstration
(C) Sensation
(D) Science of art
(E) Fitness
7. According to Mr. Gelb, Leonardo Da Vinci and Thomas
Edison’s extraordinary legacy justifies the fact that
(A) they can be important contemporary consultants.
(B) they were both committed to the advances in electric power.
(C) they can be great examples for modern professionals.
(D) they were best-selling authors.
(E) they were exceptional men with no artistic capacities.

8. Mark the extract which best translates the idea expressed in the
citations at the beginning of the text.
(A) “Creativity and innovation could result from a set of identifiable
and repeatable processes.”
(B) “Mr. Gelb outlines seven principles that he believes define Da
Vinci’s work.”
(C) “Edison has long been revered for changing the face of modern
civilization.”
(D) “A healthy mind requires a healthy body.”
(E) “Mr. Gelb’s books highlight
UFTM – 2007 (p. 39) Amazon studies link malaria to deforestation

[RIO DE JANEIRO] Two studies in the Amazon rainforest have shown a link between
deforestation and an increased risk of malaria. The findings have implications for health management
and environmental policy in the region.
According to research published today (30 January), the clearing of trees in Brazil's Amazon
region to create new settlements increases the short-term risk of malaria by creating areas of standing
water in which mosquitoes can lay their eggs. The study, in Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, also found that once agriculture and urban development are established in frontier regions,
this habitat declines and malaria transmission rates fall. "Malaria mitigation strategies for frontier
settlements require a combination of preventive and curative methods and close collaboration
between the health and agricultural sectors," say the team led by Marcia Caldas de Castro of the
University of South Carolina, United States.
The study comes less than a month after one in neighbouring Peru showed that malaria epidemics
in the Amazon were linked to deforestation. The findings appeared in January's issue of the American
Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. The study showed that the biting rate of Anopheles
darlingi, the Amazon's main malaria-spreading mosquito, was nearly 300 times greater in cleared
areas than forested ones.
"Most people think malaria is on the rise simply because the mosquito feeds on the increasing
numbers of humans in the rainforest. But our results show that altering the landscape likely plays an
even larger role than people moving into the jungle", says lead researcher Jonathan Patz, of the
University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
Patz says the fact that deforestation may affect the prevalence of a disease like malaria raises
some larger issues."I feel conservation policy is one and the same with public health policy. It's
probable that protected conservation areas may ultimately be an important tool in our disease
prevention strategies," he says.
1. O estudo publicado no Proceedings of the National Academy According to research
of Sciences mostra que published today (30
(A) o mosquito transmissor da malária não sobrevive em ambientes January), the clearing of
urbanos. trees in Brazil's Amazon
(B) o desenvolvimento de áreas agrícolas prejudica os métodos de region to create new
prevenção da malária. settlements increases the
(C) o desmatamento aumenta o risco de malária a curto prazo, pois short-term risk of malaria by
proporciona ambientes de água estagnada, propícios a criadouros de creating areas of standing
mosquitos. water in which mosquitoes
(D) as políticas ambientais e de saúde pública na região amazônica can lay their eggs. The study,
estão sintonizadas para erradicar as doenças tropicais decorrentes do in Proceedings of the
desmatamento. National Academy of
(E) o mosquito que transmite malária ataca 300 vezes mais em áreas Sciences, also found…
urbanizadas que ficam perto de florestas.

2. Segundo o pesquisador Jonathan Patz,

(A) o desmatamento pode afetar a predominância de doenças como,
Patz says the fact that
por exemplo, a malária, o que levanta questões mais amplas.
deforestation may affect the
(B) as estratégias de prevenção de doenças devem levar em conta o
prevalence of a disease like
agronegócio e os povos da floresta.
malaria raises some larger
(C) a malária está aumentando, simplesmente porque há mais
issues
pessoas entrando na floresta.
(D) a alteração da natureza desempenha um papel importante na
vida das pessoas que vivem na selva.
(E) os estudos feitos no Peru em janeiro mostram que houve um
aumento de 300% na proliferação do mosquito Anopheles darlingi.
 the clearing of trees in
3. No trecho do segundo parágrafo do texto – this habitat declines
Brazil's Amazon region to
and malaria transmission rates fall.– this habitat refere-se a create new settlements
(A) agriculture and urban development. (B) frontier regions. increases the short-term risk
(C) Brazil’s Amazon region. (D) areas of standing water. of malaria by creating areas
(E) Amazon rainforest. of standing water (…), this
habitat declines and malaria
4. No trecho do quarto parágrafo – But our results show that transmission rates fall
altering the landscape likely plays an even larger role than people
moving into the jungle – a palavra likely indica uma
(A) aprovação. (B) comparação. (C) preferência.
(D) exemplificação. (E) probabilidade.

5. Segundo o texto, os dois estudos

(A) foram elaborados no Brasil e publicados em periódicos
internacionais nos Estados Unidos. Two studies in the
(B) vinculam o desmatamento da floresta amazônica à maior incidência Amazon rainforest
de malária. have shown a link
(C) sugerem que a preservação ambiental resolverá o problema das between deforestation
doenças tropicais em geral. and an increased risk
(D) atribuem o aumento da malária na região amazônica a políticas de of malaria
saúde pública inadequadas.
(E) foram patrocinados por verbas públicas brasileiras em colaboração
com os governos do Peru e dos Estados Unidos.
PUC Rio – 2011 - HIGHLIGHTS OF E-BOOKS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
What is an e-book? While the question may sound trivial, increasingly it is not. The obvious
definition is that an e-book is an electronic book that can be read digitally on a computer screen, a
special e-book reader, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or even a mobile phone. In other words,
e-books are consumed on a screen rather than on paper. However, underlying this simple and
seemingly obvious definition are some important distinctions that may make an e-book something
other than just a “PDF version of the printed book.” These differences lie in the electronic nature of
e-books, which are changing the nature of what a “book” is within an electronic context.
How are e-books like electronic copies of their paperbound ancestors? With e-books we can
establish bookmarks that allow us to jump straight to a page when the book is opened. And it is
possible to create an ebook that is the equivalent of a scanned, PDF copy of the original paper-
bound text. This form of e-book is referred to as “digitized,” and it currently represents the majority
of the e-book market. Like printed books, digitized e-books can have pictures or charts, indices,
and tables of contents. That is probably where the comparable characteristics end.
On the side of differences, e-books increasingly take on a number of interactive features, unique to
the dynamic environment technology allows. E-books can have built in dictionaries and
pronunciation guides. The e-book is not limited to static pictures; it can also integrate video, audio,
animation, and even interactive simulation. As computer games become more complex in
storylines and character development, they are becoming a new evolution of literature in which the
reader interacts with the story more actively rather than simply reading it.
E-books can be delivered in segments, such as Harlequin romance novels that can be delivered to
your mobile phone in daily chapter installments.
As e-books move further away from conveying a story or content in the way print-based books do,
we may well ask at what point is an e-book really no longer a book but something else? As with
many of the audio formats that have gone before—records, 8-track tapes, cassettes, and even CDs
—our traditional concept of content consumption is changing because of technology, which
will ultimately have a profound impact on the concept of a book as new generations of readers
mature and gravitate to new technologies. [...]
One of the most challenging barriers to e-books is cultural resistance. For those who grew up with
paper books (p-books) and always read from p-books, switching to e-books is a bit uncomfortable
for anything more than reference purposes. Yet institutions such as the University of Phoenix
moved almost entirely to e-books and found that less than 1% of students acquire a print version of
the book rather than use the electronic version that is supplied as part of the course fee. Some
educational disciplines have moved quickly toward e-books. In dentistry, for example, vendor data
suggest that nearly one-third of all textbooks in U.S. dental schools are now completely digital.
Moving forward, cultural resistance to e-books will likely wane as new groups of students enter
college.
http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Review/EDUCAUSEReviewMagazineVolume43/
EBooksinHigherEducationNearing/162677 (with slight adaptations)
1. According to the text (lines 1-7), e-books are:
(A) electronic books to be displayed exclusively on special e-
book reader screens.
(B) special electronic books that can be read and edited on
different hardware devices.
(C) digitally produced books that can be read both from
computer screens and from paper.
(D) electronic texts that cannot be printed and that are produced
exclusively for personal computers and cell phones.
(E) an electronic version of a printed book which can be read on
a personal computer or some hand-held devices.

2. According to the comparison of features of printed books and

digitized books in paragraph 2,
(A) a scanned copy of an e-book is hardly the equivalent of the
original printed text.
(B) there are no similarities between e-books and their
paperbound ancestors.
(C) pictures and charts are better displayed in digitized
electronic books.
(D) both allow readers to decide which page they want to start
reading.
(E) both have equivalent importance in the e-book market.
3. In the sentence “On the side of differences, e-books
increasingly take on a number of interactive features,”
(lines 24-25), “take on” means:
(A) deal with. (B) apply for. (C) carry out.
(D) assume. (E) accept.

4. The sentence “E-books can have built-in dictionaries and

pronunciation guides.” (lines 26-27) means that such features:
(A) will be added to new models in the future.
(B) come with all e-books currently in the market.
(C) may be available as an integral part of the product.
(D) can be fastened to the product whenever needed.
(E) can be easily purchased and connected.

5.Paragraph 3 reveals that the nature of electronic books:

(A) increases the development of romance novels.
(B) allows the reader to fully interact with the text.
(C) enables the production of new technology texts.
(D) prevents the integration of computer games into the text.
(E) inhibits the complexity of storylines and character
development.
6. In the statement “Moving forward, cultural resistance to ebooks will likely
wane as new groups of students enter college.” (lines 59-61), “will likely”
conveys the meaning that the weakening of this cultural resistance:
(A) is probable to happen in the future.
(B) is sure to happen in the future.
(C) will certainly happen soon.
(D) can happen in a very near future.
(E) is better to happen sometime in the future.

7. Check the correct statement concerning reference.

(A) “It” in “While the question may sound trivial, increasingly
it is not.” (lines 1-2) refers to “sound trivial”.
(B) “It” in “This form of e-book is referred to as ‘digitized,’ and it currently
represents the majority of the e-book market.” (lines 18-20) refers to
“This form of e-book”.
(C) “In which” in “As computer games become more complex
[…], they are becoming a new evolution of literature in which the reader
interacts with the story more actively rather than simply reading it.” (lines
29-33) refers to “computer games”.
(D) “That” in “E-books can be delivered in segments, such
as Harlequin romance novels that can be delivered to your mobile phone in
daily chapter installments.” (lines 34-36), refers to “segments”.
(E) “Those” in “For those who grew up with paper books (p-books) and
always read from p-books, switching to ebooks is a bit uncomfortable for
anything more than reference purposes.” (lines 48-51), refers to “p-books”.
8. “Consumption” (line 43) is to “consume” as:
(A) “definition” (line 2) is to “define”.
(B) “distinctions” (line 8) is to “distinct”.
(C) “nature” (line 12) is to “natural”.
(D) “ultimately” (line 44) is to “ultimate”.
(E) “challenging” (line 47) is to “challenge”.

9. Check the item in which the idea introduced by the underlined

word(s) is correctly described.
(A) “In other words, e-books are consumed…” (lines 5-6) – Exemplification
(B) “However, underlying this simple and seemingly obvious definition…”
(lines 7-8) – Contrast
(C) “…such as Harlequin romance novels…” (lines 34-35) – Consequence
(D) “Yet institutions such as the University of Phoenix…” (lines 51-52) –
Addition
(E) “…rather than use the electronic version…” (line 54) – Condition
10. As regards the acceptance of e-books, the last paragraph informs that:
(A) over two-thirds of textbooks in U.S. dental schools are still paper-bound, although students are
quickly switching to e-books.
(B) nowadays very few students in most American universities choose paper-bound books over their
electronic versions.
(C) at institutions such as the University of Phoenix one third of all titles on reading lists are supplied
in electronic versions.
(D) in some U.S. educational institutions, over 99% of the students prefer the electronic versions of
the textbooks.
(E) it is a proven fact that 33% of all course books used in dental schools are now entirely digital.
ENEM - 2010 – p. 41

Ao optar por ler a reportagem completa

sobre o assunto anunciado, tem-se acesso a
duas palavras que Bill Gates não quer que o
leitor conheça e que se referem
a) aos responsáveis pela divulgação desta
informação na internet.
b) às marcas mais importantes de
microcomputadores do mercado.
c) aos nomes dos americanos que inventaram a
suposta tecnologia.
d) aos sites da internet pelos quais o produto já
pode ser conhecido.
e) às empresas que levam vantagem para
serem suas concorrentes.
ENEM - 2010 – p. 42 – Viva la Vida
I used to rule the world
Seas would rise when I gave the word
Now in the morning and I sleep alone
Sweep the streets I used to own
I used to roll the dice
Feel the fear in my enemy’s eyes
Listen as the crowd would sing
“Now the old king is dead! Long live the king!”
One minute I held the key
Next the walls were closed on me
And I discovered that my castles stand
Upon pillars of salt and pillars of sand
[…]
MARTIN, C. Viva la vida, Coldplay. In: Viva la vida or Death and all his friends. Parlophone, 2008.
Letras de músicas abordam temas que, de certa forma, podem ser reforçados
pela repetição de trechos ou palavras. O fragmento da canção Viva la vida, por
exemplo, permite conhecer o relato de alguém que
a) costumava ter o mundo aos seus pés e, de repente, se viu sem nada.
b) almeja o título de rei e, por ele, tem enfrentado inúmeros inimigos.
c) causa pouco temor a seus inimigos, embora tenha muito poder.
d) limpava as ruas e, com seu esforço, tornou-se rei de seu povo.
e) tinha a chave para todos os castelos nos quais desejava morar.
Enem 2011 – WAR
Until the philosophy which hold one race superior
And another inferior
Is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned
Everywhere is war - Me say war.
That until there no longer
First class and second class citizens of any nation
Until the colour of a man's skin
Is of no more significance than the colour of his eyes
Me say war.
War in the east, War in the west, War up
north, War down south -
War - war - Rumours of war.
And until that day, The African continent
Will not know peace, We Africans will
fight - we find it necessary - And we know
we shall win as we are confident
In the victory

And until the ignoble and unhappy regimes

that hold our brothers in Angola,
In Mozambique, South Africa
Sub-human bondage have been toppled,
Utterly destroyed - Well, everywhere is war –
Me say war.
Bob Marley foi um artista popular e atraiu muitos fãs com suas canções. Ciente de sua influência
social, na música War, o cantor se utiliza de sua arte para alertar sobre
A a inércia do continente africano diante das injustiças sociais.
B a persistência da guerra enquanto houver diferenças raciais e sociais.
C as acentuadas diferenças culturais entre os países africanos.
D as discrepâncias sociais entre moçambicanos e angolanos como causa de conflitos.
E a fragilidade das diferenças raciais e sociais como justificativa para o início de uma guerra.
WAR / NO MORE TROUBLE

Until the philosophy which holds one race
Superior and another inferior
Is finally and permanently discredited and
abandoned
Oh, everywhere is war, say war
is war
Children
Until there are no longer first class
Second class citizens of any nation
Until the colour of man's skin
Is of no more significance than the colour of his
eyes
Everywhere is war, war
Everywhere is war
Killing the brother, war
Destroying the country, war
For nothing, war
For nothing, war
They going to take care of another brother
We don't need no more war
Some winning, some losing
Some dying, some crying
Some singing
We don't need no more trouble
We don't need no more trouble
We don't need no more trouble
Oh no, oh no no no
We don't need no more trouble
We don't need no more trouble
We don't need no more trouble
Oh no, oh no
What we need is love to guide and protect
us on
If you help me down from above
Help from where we get from
Oh, you got to stop the war
We don't need no more trouble
We don't need no more trouble
OUTROS TEXTOS
Vestibular
 UEMG 2006 – Give me sunshine
The sun shines and our governments make mistakes. What’s new? Until recently, experts
told us to stay indoors, safe from the dangerous rays of the sun. Skin cancer was the
threat, so we kept our children inside.
Now they tell us sunlight is good for us. We absorb vitamin D from the sun and this
prevents other forms of cancer and possibly rheumatoid arthritis, so we must go out and
sunbathe for about ten minutes a day.
Sun protection is still essential, according to doctors, because skin cancer is a real threat –
but spend tem minutes in the sun before applying the sun cream.
Speak up – edição 220 – set.2005
1. “The sun shines and their governments make mistakes” because they told people
a) sunlight was good for them.
b) to stay indoors, safe from dangerous rays of the sun.
c) that they absorbed vitamin D from the sun and it prevented others forms of cancer.
d) Sun protection was still essential.
3. The purpose of the title Give me
2. In “We absorb vitamin D from the sun and sunshine is to show that
this prevents other forms of cancer and a) sun protection is still essential.
possibly rheumatoid arthritis, so we must go b) sun rays are dangerous for us.
out and sunbathe for about ten minutes a c) sunrays contain vitamin D.
day”, this refers to d) sunlight is good for us.
a) other forms of cancer.
b) sunlight is good for us. 4. In “Skin cancer was the threat, so we kept our
c) to absorb vitamin D from the sun. children inside”, threat means
d) possibly rheumatoid arthritis. a) danger b) treatment c) way d) unpleasant
 UFSJ 2010 – Read the text and answer questions:
1 PARIS, France (CNN) -- The French National Assembly announced Tuesday the creation of an
inquiry into whether women in France should be allowed to wear the burka, one day after
President Nicolas Sarkozy controversially told lawmakers that the traditional Muslim garment was
"not welcome" in France. (…)
5 "The problem of the burka is not a religious problem. This is an issue of a woman's freedom and
dignity. This is not a religious symbol. It is a sign of subservience; it is a sign of lowering. I want to
say solemnly, the burka is not welcome in France," Sarkozy told lawmakers.
Some lawmakers have called for burkas to be banned completely, claiming they are degrading to
women. They also include housing minister Fadela Amara, a Muslim-born women's rights
10 campaigner, who has called the garment "a kind of tomb for women."
"We cannot accept in our country women trapped behind a fence, cut off from social life, deprived
of any identity. This is not the idea that we have of a woman's dignity," Sarkozy said Monday.
But French Muslim leaders say that only a small minority of women wear the full veil and had
previously criticized calls for the issue to be the subject of a parliamentary inquiry.
"To raise the subject like this, via a parliamentary committee, is a way of stigmatizing Islam and
15 the Muslims of France," Mohammed Moussaoui, the head of the French Council for the Muslim
Religion, told AFP last week.
"We are shocked by the idea parliament should be put to work on such a marginal issue."
According to CIA estimates, between 5 and 10 percent of France's 64 million population are
muslim. The country does not collect its own statistics on religion in accordance with laws
20 enshrining France's status as a secular state.
France is not the only European Union country to have considered banning the burka. Dutch
lawmakers voted in favor of a ban in 2005, although the government of the time was defeated in
elections before it could pass legislation to outlaw the garment.
Fonte: <http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/06/23/france.burkas/index.html?iref=newssearch,acesso>,
acesso em 23/06/09.
QUESTION 11 - We understand from the text that But French Muslim leaders say
A) the burka is a major religion problem in France. that only a small minority of
B) French National Assembly has recently banned the burka in women wear the full veil
France.
C) only a small number of women wear the burka in France.
D) all members of the parliamentary committee consider the
burka an important issue.

QUESTION 12 - Choose the alternative which contains a CORRECT

explanation for the word given, according to the sentences on focus.
A) "We cannot accept in our country women trapped behind a fence, cut off from
social life, deprived of any identity. This is not the idea that we have of a woman's
dignity," Sarkozy said Monday. (lines 11-12)
Cut off: approved
B) The French National Assembly announced Tuesday the creation of an inquiry
into whether women in France should be allowed to wear the burka (…) (lines 1-
2)
Allowed: permitted
C) Dutch lawmakers voted in favor of a ban in 2005, although the government of
the time was defeated in elections before it could pass legislation to outlaw the
garment. (lines 22-24)
Outlaw: accept.
D) Some lawmakers have called for burkas to be banned completely, claiming they
are degrading to women. (line 8)
Called for: explained
QUESTION 13 - In the text, “the burka” is compared to They also include
A) a kind of freedom. B) the rights campaigner. housing minister Fadela
C) Dutch lawmakers. D) a kind of tomb. Amara, a Muslim-born
women's rights
QUESTION 14 - "The problem of the burka is not a religious problem. campaigner, who has
This is an issue of a woman's freedom and dignity. This is not a religious called the garment "a
symbol. It is a sign of subservience (…)” (lines 5-6). (Nicolas Sarkozy) kind of tomb for women

According to Sarkozy, the burka should be banned in France because

B) it affects women's dignity and freedom.
B) France is against Muslim symbols.
C) it is a sign of dignity and freedom.
D) the Muslim community is big in France.

QUESTION 15 - In the sentence “Some lawmakers have called for

burkas to be banned completely, claiming they are degrading to women.
They also include housing minister Fadela Amara, a Muslim-born
women's rights campaigner, who has called the garment "a kind of tomb
for women.” (lines 8-10), the word who refers to
D) Muslim-born lawmakers.
E) housing minister Fadela Amara.
C) women’s rights.
D) Muslin born women.
 UFLA/2008-PASSAGE 1
1 The largest, strongest muscles in the body are in the
2 hips, legs, and torso, and they are the ones that give
3 the most power to your total body movements. Most
4 athletes work these muscles hard in their fitness
5 program. But arms are at least as important when it
6 comes to carrying through a sport specific motion,
7 such as swinging a golf club or tennis racket, or
8 throwing a softball or controlling a sailboard.
9 There are two ways to become more efficient at these
10 motions: practice and gaining strength. You have to
11 repeat the motion literally thousands of times to
12 ingrain its neuromuscular pattern in your
13 subconscious movement memory. And you have to
14 strengthen the muscles so that they can perform the
15 movement with less effort, more power, and, often,
16 greater speed. Arm-strength training is not time
17 consuming, and its goals are very practical: to reduce
18 your risk of injury and improve your ability to perform
19 sports skills by strengthening muscles, bones, joints,
20 and connective tissue.
Gear, Joele & Gear, Robert. Cambridge Preparation for
the Toefl Test, Cambridge University Press, 1996
27. The passage is mainly about
(A) ingraining patterns in your subconscious
movement memory.
(B) carrying through a sport-specific motion.
(C) improving arm muscles for better
performance.
(D) improving your ability to perform sports skills.
28. According to the passage a way of
improving the efficiency of movements is
(A) to repeat the movement.
(B) to perform the movement with more effort.
(C) to perform the movement with less effort.
(D) to apply greater speed.
29. Arm-strength training aims at
(A) reducing time consumption and injury risks.
(B) memorizing some movements and improving
one’s ability to perform sports skills.
(C) swinging a golf club and a tennis racket.
(D) decreasing injury risks and increasing one’s
ability to perform sports skills.
FASEH MG 2012

Heart disease facts

•Coronary artery disease is the most common
cause of death in the United States.
Over a million people each year will have a
heart attack and 25% will die before they
get to the hospital while or in the Emergency
Department.
•Prevention is the key to treatment of heart
disease.
•Diagnosis of heart disease is often made by
careful history taken by a health care
practitioner. Some individuals may have
atypical symptoms, including almost none at
all.
•The testing strategy to confirm the diagnosis
and plan appropriate treatment needs to
be individualized for each patient diagnosed
with heart disease.
•Treatment of heart disease depends upon the
severity of disease, and is often directed
by the symptoms experienced by the affected
individual.
Introduction to heart disease
The heart is like any other muscle, requiring oxygen and nutrient-rich blood for it to
function. The coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle spread across the
surface of the heart, beginning at the base of the aorta and branching out to all areas of
the heart muscle.
The coronary arteries are at risk for narrowing as cholesterol deposits, called plaques,
build up inside the artery. If the arteries narrow enough, blood supply to the heart muscle
may be compromised (slowed down), and this slowing of blood flow to the heart causes
pain, or angina.
A heart attack or myocardial infarction occurs when a plaque ruptures, allowing a blood
clot to form. This completely obstructs the artery, stopping all blood flow to part of the
heart muscle, and that portion of muscle dies.
What are the risk factors for heart disease?
Risk factors for heart disease include:
• Smoking
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Family history
• Peripheral artery disease
• Obesity
What are the symptoms of heart disease?
The typical symptoms of coronary artery disease are chest pain associated with
shortness of breath. Classically, the pain of angina is described as a pressure or
heaviness behind the breast bone with radiation to the jaw and down the arm
accompanied by shortness of breath and sweating. Unfortunately, angina has a variety of
signs and symptoms, and there may not even be specific chest pain. Other locations of
pain and other symptoms may include shoulder or back ache, upper abdominal
pain, nausea, and indigestion.
Women, the elderly, and people with diabetes may have different perceptions of pain or
have no discomfort at all. Instead, they may complain of malaise or fatigue and
generalized weakness and the inability to complete routine physical tasks such as
walking or climbing stairs.
Health care practitioners and patients may have difficulty understanding each other when
symptoms of angina are described. Patients may experience pressure or tightness but
may deny any complaints of pain. Health care practitioners may misinterpret these
symptoms when patient answers "no" to the question whether "pain is present," even
though the patient is experiencing other types of discomfort.
People with coronary artery disease usually have gradual progression of their symptoms.
As an artery narrows over time, the symptoms of decreased blood flow to part of the
heart muscle may increase in frequency and/or severity. Health care practitioners may
inquire about changes in exercise tolerance (How far can you walk before getting
symptoms? Is it to the mailbox? Up a flight of stairs?), and whether there has been an
acute change in the symptoms.
Once again, patients may be asymptomatic until a heart attack occurs. Of course, some
patients also may be in denial as to their symptoms and procrastinate in seeking care.

Available on: <http://www.medicinenet.com/heart_disease/page2.htm>

Question 1
According to the text, in the United States
A) most people who go to the hospital have heart diseases.
B) over a million people die of heart diseases every year.
C) people die more of heart diseases than of other illnesses.
D) 25% of the population dies out of heart diseases.

Question 2
All the following are true of heart diseases, EXCEPT
A) diagnosis is confirmed by a universal test.
B) prevention is the best way to go about it.
C) some patients present atypical symptoms.
D) the treatment varies according to the patient.

Question 3
According to the text,
A) the coronary arteries receive blood from the heart.
B) the heart requires oxigen like any other muscle.
C) the heart produces blood rich with nutrients.
D) the muscle of the heart starts at the base of the aorta.
Question 4
According to the text, angina is
A) a low supply of blood to the heart muscle.
B) pain caused by slow flood of blood to the heart.
C) the deposit of cholesterol inside the artery.
D) the risk of the plaques building inside the artery.

Question 5
All the following are risk factors for heart disease, EXCEPT
A) angina and stress.
B) high blood pressure.
C) obesity and family history.
D) smoking and diabetes.

Question 6
All the following are symptoms of heart disease, EXCEPT
A) chest pain.
B) heaviness down the arm.
C) pressure in the lower abdomen.
D) shortness of breath.
Question 7 - According to the text,
A) elderly people cannot complete routine tasks.
B) people with diabetes will feel no discomfort.
C) women are not prone to heart attacks.
D) women may have different symptoms than men.

Question 8 -The text states that

A) health care practitioners do not recognize angina symptoms.
B) patients do not care to explain their pain to practitioners.
C) some patients refuse to accept that they are having any pain.
D) sometimes health care practitioners misinterpret patients’ pains.

Question 9 - A very important symptom of heart disease is

A) a decrease of the capacity for exercise.
B) a gradual progression of exercise tolerance.
C) an increase in the blood flow to the heart.
D) the absence of pain in the heart muscle.

Question 10 - The following are great problems for the diagnosis of

an upcoming heart attack, EXCEPT
A) a patient may not want to look for treatment.
B) patients may deny they’re feeling any pain.
C) there may not be any of the known symptoms.
D) the patient may refuse to walk to the mailbox.
FUVEST 2013 – p. 34
Time was, advertising was a relatively simple
undertaking: buy some print space and airtime, create
the spots, and blast them at a captive audience. Today
it’s chaos: while passive viewers still exist, mostly we
pick and choose what to consume, ignoring ads with a
touch of the DVR remote. Ads are forced to become
more like content, and the best aim to engage
consumers so much that they pass the material on to
friends – by email, Twitter, Facebook – who will pass
it on to friends, who will… you get the picture. In the
industry, “viral” has become a usefully vague way to
describe any campaign that spreads from person to
person, acquiring its own momentum.
It’s not that online advertising has eclipsed TV, but it
has become its full partner – and in many ways the
more substantive one, a medium in which the audience
must be earned, not simply bought.
Newsweek, March 26 & April 2, 2012. Adaptado.
1. De acordo com o texto, a indústria publicitária
a) passou a criar anúncios mais curtos.
b) deixou de comprar tempo na TV devido ao aumento de
custo por minuto.
c) foi forçada a se modificar em função das novas
tecnologias.
d) aumentou sua audiência cativa.
e) começou a privilegiar a forma em vez de conteúdos.
2. No texto, a palavra “viral” refere-se a
a) campanhas publicitárias divulgadas entre usuários de
mídias eletrônicas.
b) vírus eletrônicos acoplados a anúncios publicitários.
c) mensagens de alerta aos consumidores para os riscos de
determinados produtos.
d) mídias eletrônicas que têm dificuldade em controlar a
disseminação de vírus.
e) quantidades de anúncios que congestionam as caixas
postais dos usuários de correio eletrônico.
3. Afirma-se, no texto, que, diferentemente da TV, na
publicidade online a audiência tem de ser
a) partilhada.
b) valorizada.
c) comprada.
d) multiplicada.
e) conquistada.
Modificação na publicidade devido as
novas mídias.
Ads are forced to become more like
content, and the best aim to engage
consumers so much that they pass the
material on to friends – by email,
Twitter, Facebook – who will pass it
on to friends
In the industry, “viral” has become
a usefully vague way to describe
any campaign that spreads from
person to person, acquiring its own
momentum.
a medium in which the audience
must be earned, not simply bought.
Texto para as questões 4 e 5
Missing Out: In Praise of the Unlived Life is Adam Phillips's 17th book and is a characteristic blend
of literary criticism and philosophical reflection packaged around a central idea. The theme here is
missed opportunities, roads not taken, alternative versions of our lives and ourselves, all of which,
Phillips argues, exert a powerful hold over our imaginations. Using a series of examples and close
readings of authors including Philip Larkin and Shakespeare, the book suggests that a broader
understanding of life's inevitable disappointments and thwarted desires can enable us to live fuller,
richer lives. Good things come to those who wait.
Does he see himself as a champion of frustration? “I'm not on the side of frustration exactly, so
much as the idea that one has to be able to bear frustration in order for satisfaction to be realistic.
I'm interested in how the culture of consumer capitalism depends on the idea that we can't bear
frustration, so that every time we feel a bit restless or bored or irritable, we eat, or we shop.”
Guardian.co.uk, 1 June 2012. Adaptado.

4. Segundo o texto, o livro Missing Out: In Praise of the Unlived Using a series of examples and
Life sugere que close readings of authors
a) a fantasia deve se sobrepor a nossos planos de vida. including Philip Larkin and
b) uma compreensão maior das decepções e dos desejos não Shakespeare, the book suggests
realizados pode nos ajudar a viver melhor. that a broader understanding of
c) os relatos de vida dos escritores não nos servem de exemplo. life's inevitable disappointments
d) um controle maior de nossa imaginação é importante para and thwarted desires can enable
lidarmos com nossas frustrações. us to live fuller, richer lives.
e) as oportunidades perdidas devem ser recuperadas para uma vida
satisfatória.
No texto, em resposta à pergunta “Does he see himself as a champion of frustration?”, o autor
do livro argumenta ser necessário que as pessoas
a) tenham experiências satisfatórias para compreender a frustração.
b) entendam cada vez mais a cultura capitalista de consumo.
c) se distraiam fazendo compras quando estão irritadas.
d) lidem com as frustrações para que suas satisfações sejam realistas.
e) percebam o que as deixa frustradas no dia a dia.

Does he see himself as a champion of frustration?

“I'm not on the side of frustration exactly, so much as
the idea that one has to be able to bear frustration in
order for satisfaction to be realistic. I'm interested in
how the culture of consumer capitalism depends on
the idea that we can't bear frustration
 Bullying is a PROBLEM that affects everyone.
It can happen anywhere anytime.....and its not
cool.

Eixo Cognitivo: I = Dominar

Linguagens
Competência de área: 2 = Conhecer e
usar língua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s)
como instrumento de acesso a
But, BULLYING can be stopped-Its just a matter informações e a outras culturas e grupos
of speaking up and doing something about it. sociais.
Habilidade: 7 = Relacionar um texto em
LEM, as estruturas linguísticas, sua
No cartum, discute-se a questão do bullying, afirmando-se função e seu uso social.
que essa prática
a) É um problema sem solução, que pode ocorrer em
qualquer lugar.
b) Acontece no ambiente escolar e pode ser tolerada, se
discutida apropriadamente.
c) Faz parte do cotidiano e deve ser discutida e analisada
para que se tomem medidas.
d) Pode ser impedida, uma vez que se trata de um
problema de fácil solução.
e) Deve ser tratada como problema comum, cuja solução
está no diálogo.
QUESTION 03 - A reporter wrote a text about the Manuelzão Project to be published in a newspaper
but there are 10 grammar mistakes. Read his text and help him correct them by completing the
chart that follows it. <http://www.manuelzao.ufmg.br/english Access: Aug. 2008 (Adapted)>
Manuelzão Project
This old man from the sertão (Brazilian semi-arid inlands) was always willing to welcome visitors
with his sense of humor and the most peculiar and interesting tales… These are some of the character
traits that make Manuel Nardi a remarkable figure and inspired the Brazilian writer João Guimarães
Rosa to give life to one of its most famous characters: Manuelzão. His countryside wisdom and his
concern for the environment were translated into the cause championed by the project named after this
unique old man.
Manuel Nardi dead in 1998, a year after the Manuelzão Project was created. It was the cowboy itself
who, in 1997, introduced the Project at the presentation meeting held with the Minas Gerais Water
Management Institute and the State of Minas Gerais Sanitation Program.
Developing by the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG , the Manuelzão Project is intended
to restore the Rio das Velhas basin. Activities begun in 1997 at the UFMG Medical Sciences School in
an initiative took by a group of professors who realized that health are not simply a medical issue: it is
directly related to the social conditions and to the environment people leave in. The Manuelzão Project
was born from the activities of the “Rural Internship Project”, which is a compulsory subject in the
UFMG Medical Sciences School curriculum and has a Public Health oriented syllabus. Students spend
three months in remote municipalities undertaking social
and preventive medical activities.
Throughout its existence, the Project has witnessed a considerable growth in civil society participation,
most notably in the activities conducted by the Manuelzão Centers scattered along the basin. There is
today nearly 50 Local Centers whose work focuses on local issues and who are supported and advised
by the Manuelzão Project. This historical path has led the Manuelzão Project to expand its activities
beyond the academic boundaries of that group of UFMG scholars.
Wrong Form Correct Form Line of the text
Make
made 5
7
11
12
16
18
19
20
22
32
34
 Wrong Form Correct Form Line of the text
Make
made 5
Rosa to give life to one of its his 7
most famous character

Manuel Nardi dead in 1998 died 11

It was the cowboy itself who... himself 12
Developing by the UFMG... Developed 16
Activities begun in 1997 at the ... began 18
UFMG Medical Science School in taken 19
na iniciative took by a group of

A group of professors who is 20

realized that health are not

it is directly related to the social live 22

conditions and to the
environment people leave in

There is today nearly 50 Local there are 32

Centers

There is today nearly 50 Local which 34

Centers whose work focuses on
local issues and who are
supported and advised by the
Manuelzão Project
 PRESENT PERFECT (HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPLE)
I ‘ve I haven’t worked in France.
You You done the activity.
We worked in France. We
They done the activity. They
He ‘s He hasn’t
She She
It It

&
Have I worked in France? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
You done the activity?
We
They
Has He Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
She
It

Contractions ’ ve = have ’s = has

haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not
 my experiences

I was born now

present perfect
1) experiências passadas; sem tempo definido
2) ações que começaram e continuam no presente  SINCE / FOR
 I’ve known him for ten years. / I’ve worked here since 2001.
• Question: How long...?
 but: He’s been a teacher for 10 years. / He was a teacher for ten years.
How long has he been a teacher? / How long was he a teacher?
3) yet, already, just, ever, always, never
 I haven’t done my homework yet.  Have you ever been to Canada?
 He’s already done his homework.  She’s just done her homework.
 I’ve always wanted to be a doctor.  They’ve never thought about
getting married.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(have / has + been + verb-ing):
I I
You You
We ‘ve We haven’t
They been working in France. They been working in France.
He ‘s been doing the activity. He hasn’t been doing the activity.
She She
It It

&
I
You
Have We
They been working in Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
He France? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
Has She been doing the activity?
It
Para que se usa:
 para enfatizar a duração de uma ação que começou no passado e que continua no
presente:
e.g.: She's been working all day and she's obviously very tired.
(começou de manhã e ainda não parou)
 para descrever uma ação que começou no passado e terminou no passado, mas que
durou muito tempo e que tem efeitos no presente:
e.g.: What happened? Are you sad? No, I’ve been peeling onions.
school. (foi uma semana cheia de trabalho e por isso ele não quer falar disso)
 para descrever uma ação que nos causa irritação ou fúria:
e.g.: You've been wearing my t-shirts again! You know I don't like that!
(quem fala está irritado)
 
 Com o present perfect continuous usam-se as mesmas expressões temporais do que
com o present perfect:
how long...? (há quanto tempo...?)
for (há)
since (desde)
lately (ultimamente)
recently (recentemente)

Next: The Past Tense – módulo 7

 PAST PERFECT (HAD + PARTICIPLE)
 Expressa uma ação que aconteceu antes de outra no passado simples (de duas ações passadas é
a que acontece em primeiro lugar).

 É comum vir acompanhado de conjunções como before, after, when:

 When I called up Sue, Ralph had just left.
(Ralph saiu antes de eu chamar Sue.)

 They had already cooked dinner before I got there with a pizza.
(O jantar já estava pronto quando cheguei com a pizza)

 Veja o seguinte exemplo: Sarah arrived at the party.

Este é o ponto de partida da nossa história. Se quisermos falar de coisas que aconteceram antes
desse tempo, usamos o past perfect:

 When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.
(Paul foi embora para a casa antes de Sarah chegar a festa.)
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (HAD BEEN + VERBING)
• Expressa uma ação que estava acontecendo em determinado momento no tempo passado.

• É comum vir acompanhado do past simple.

 Ralph had been working when I arrived in the office.

(Ralph estava trabalhando quando eu cheguei no escritório.)

COHESIVE ELEMENTS
Addition  besides / in addition; both...and; moreover / furthermore; not only...but also;
likewise; and; as well as; too / also

Time and consequence  until; whenever; as soom as; as; since; when; while; once;
twice; yet; in the meantime; now; after; before; already

Purpose  so that / so as to / in order to

Page 08
Brazil’s income distribution has improved over the last decades due to
(A) trade agreements between Mexico and Brazil.
(B) its global performance in the commodities market.
(C) its leadership role in the Latin American countries.
(D) its heritage as a Portuguese colony.
(E) economy strengthening along with salary increase, among other causes.

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo – to which must be added Dominican Republic and

Bolivia –, which refere-se a
(F) Dominican Republic and Bolivia.
(G) US and Portugal.
(H) Guatemala, Honduras and Colombia.
(I) Gini index.
(J) Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia and Brazil.
No início do segundo parágrafo, a palavra nevertheless introduz
(A) um contraste. (B) uma alternativa. (C) um exemplo.
(D) uma consequência. (E) uma conclusão.

No trecho do segundo parágrafo – But the region continues to have the highest inequality rate in spite
of advances in helping income distribution. –, in spite of equivale, em português, a
(A) inspirado por. (B) apesar de. (C) devido a. (D) por causa de.
(E) juntamente com.

A palavra figures em – In the case of Brazil, the country’s economy now figures sixth at global level. –
equivale, em português, a
(A) enumera. (B) simboliza. (C) números. (D) coloca-se. (E) dados.

One of Lula’s achievements was

(A)create the Workers Party. (B) encourage future actions.
(C) promote agriculture and food production.
(D) to use his popularity. (E) decrease poverty.

The picture relates to the text because it illustrates

(A) inequality. (B) shanty towns. (C) cities like Rio de Janeiro.
(D) urban life. (E) Brazilian economic success.