Lecture 05

Magnetic Field due to Direct Current

• Magnetic Field Definition

• Magnetic Field of a DC current and DC Fed Coil.
• Effect of a Constant Stationary Magnetic Field on a Moving Test
Charge.
• Force on a Current Carrying Conductor.
• Ferromagnetic Materials.
• Magnetic Circuits.
Magnetic Field Definition
The magnetic field is the region in
which the effect of the magnetic force
of attraction or repulsion detected.
 ‫المبتكر و المخترع‬ The most innovative
‫األكثر تفردا في تاريخ‬ and inventive
individuals in the
.‫العلوم‬ history of sciences
‫ ينابيع كولورادو‬Colorado Springs
‫ الموجات األرضية‬Terrestrial
‫ الثابته‬stationary waves
 Distribution of Magnetic Field Across Different Shapes
of Conductors Carrying DC Current

1- Straight Conductor 2- One Loop Conductor

1- Multi-turns (air core coil)

1- Effect of a Constant Stationary Magnetic
Field on a Moving Test Charge

F =Force (N)

N  N  B =Flux Density (T)

+ V=Velocity of
+q +q
Conductor (ms-1)

- Or = Direction of drift
velocity of positive
S  
S  charges of the flowing
current (I).

Generator Motor
Principle Principle
´ =𝒒 ( 𝑽
𝑭 ´ × 𝑩)
´  
Application: One of the applications of moving charge in constant stationary magnetic
field is the conventional CRT TV. Where the electron beam position is steered due to the
produced force by cutting the magnetic field that is generated using X-Y deflection coil.
 2- Force on a Current Carrying Conductor

Since a current I is a flow of charge q moving through a

wire, the magnetic force can be given in terms of current.

x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x Fx x x x x Motion
of +q
x I FF == qvB
qvB
x x x x x xL x x x x I = q/t
x x x x x x x x x x
x
𝑳 𝒒
Since v = L/t, and I = q/t, we can 𝑭 =𝒒 ( ) ( )
𝒕
𝑩=
𝒕
𝑳 𝑩 

rearrange to find:

The force F on a conductor of length L and

current I in perpendicular B-field: FF == IBL
IBL
The direction of the magnetic force can be determined using the right hand rule .
The thumb is pointing in the direction of the current, with the four other
fingers parallel to the magnetic field.

θ represents the angle between the magnetic field and the wire
1.When a current flows through the coils, a force will be
generated due to the interaction between the magnetic
field of the permanent magnet and the coil.

2.The force will turn the coils, which in turn move the
indicator.
When a current carrying conductor is applied to the magnetic field it
experiences a force perpendicular to the field.

This is the basic principle of a DC motor