Water supply pipes

• Water supply is the process of general requirement for supply of water

from public water supply system to individual building and subsequent
distribution of water to various parts of the building.

• The water from public water supply system to individual buildings is

supplied through pipes.

• A large proportion of capital is invested on pipes while designing water

supply distribution system.

• Transportation of liquids
and gases from one
place to another place.
 
Types of Pipes
Pipe materials

Pipes must not contaminate water, and must be suitable for the pressure,
flow
   and temperature of the water they are carrying.They must also be:

suitable for the expected temperatures and pressures

compatible with the water supply, to minimise the potential for electrolytic
corrosion

suitable for the ground conditions (if used underground) to minimise the
potential for corrosion of the exterior of the pipe

suitable for the local climate (if used outdoors) such as freezing conditions
or atmospheric salt or sulphur

able to withstand UV effects (if used outdoors).

The following factors should be considered in selection of
pipes.

   when selecting of materials for water supply pipes, consider water

So,
pressure, water temperature, compatibility with water supply, durability,
support, ease of installation, and cost.

1.Strength of pipe

2. Water carrying capacity

3. Life and durability of pipe

4. Expenditure on transportation

5. Jointing process, maintenance and repairs.

Various Types of Pipes

There are two families of materials available for water pipework systems:
metallic
   and non-metallic materials.

The pipes are available in several types and sizes.

They may be classified into three groups according to the material used in
their manufacturing
Types of Pipes

Cement Pipes: Metallic pipes: Plastic Pipes:

The pipes such The pipes such as The pipes such as

as Cement CI Pipes, Steel Un-plasticized
Pipes, Asbestos pipes and GI PVC (UPVC )
cement (AC) Pipes. pipes, Polythene
pipes, cement Pipes (low
concrete pipes. denisity)
GALVANIZED IRON PIPES
•This type of pipe is used for water supply work inside the building.
•These pipes are wrought steel pipes provided with zinc coating.

APPLICATION AREAS:
• Water & sewerage.
• Fire fighting installations.
• Plumbing systems.

ADVANTAGES :-
• Low installation and maintenance cost
• Long life & Toughness
• Anti-rust pipes
• Useful for large construction Projects-durable and large diameter

DISADVANTAGES :-
• Heavy to handle.
• Develops blockages.
• Difficult to repair.
AVAILABLE FITTINGS :-
• They are available in light, Medium and heavy grades Depending on the thickness
Of the metal.
• These pipes are available in Size range from dn 20mm –Dn 300mm supplied in
Standard length of 5.8 – 6 Mtrs
The steps involved in laying and
jointing of pipes
Laying and joining of pipes involve the following steps in the same
order:-Pipe shall be installed at the locations shown on the plans and to
the position, alignment and grade shown thereon, or in the event of
grade conflict, as directed by the Engineer.

Pipe line activity :

Survey

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.12288.1987.html
http://mechanicalclass.blogspot.in/2013/03/pipe-laying-procedures-excavation-and.html
 Marking & trench excavation

o Obtain work permit before starting excavation work.

o Marking is to be made

o Excavate trench up to required level with free working

 Transportation of material to site

o Pipes shall be transported to the site of laying and stacked

along the route.

o Padding shall be placed between coated pipes and timber to

avoid damage to the coating.

o Suitable gap during pipe stacking should be left at proper

intervals to permit access from one side to the other.
 Unloading & stocking of pipes at site

o Each pipe & special should be properly stacked at

site in such a manner so as not to distort their circularity or
cause any damage to their outer coating.
Pipe handling :

oBefore handling the pipe, work men should wear

helmet and gloves

oRopes used to lift the material must be in good condition,

and it should not be let over sharp edges
o Ensure that the persons are moved away from the pit while
placing the pipe (if it is heavy).

o While handling materials in the wet season, ensure that the

materials are free from slush as it may cause slipping.

o Slings should be in good

condition and free from defects.

o Ensure proper clamping of

slings, these are provided on
same direction on free length.

o Ensure proper visibility for the

crane.
Lowering, laying &joining: (C.I & D.I PIPES)

oPipes should be lowered slowly in to the trench by means of

chain pulley block and tripod stand or cranes or with the
help of ropes.

oRubber gaskets shall be inserted into the groove in the

socket. Spigot end shall be lubricated with good quality of
grease or oil, then the spigot shall be slipped into socket by
means of jack on the other end.

oSpigot ends of all pipes shall face up stream irrespective of

the direction of water flow.
Lowering, laying &joining: (C.I & D.I PIPES)
Lowering, laying ,joining & painting: (M.S PIPES)

Before Laying, M.S pipes should be coated with cement or

Painting
oSurface cleaning :
The pipe should be cleaned before painting with special
epoxy thinner. This avoids oil, Greece marks on the pipe.
Due to these marks the paint wasn't sticking. Inside dust can
be removed by using compressed air.

oPrimary coating
After surface cleaning, first primer coating is necessary. For
this purpose zinc phosphate primer is combined with
activator in 6:1 ratio. Zinc phosphate primer is component a
& activator is component b, so
primer = component a + component b
Lowering, laying ,joining & painting: (M.S PIPES)

oOut side coating :

After primary coating, out side of pipe painted with
epoxy coal tar which is combined with activator in 4:1
ratio.

oInside :
Food grade epoxy used for inside painting resists
corrosion, this is the combination of resin & cure in 1:1
ratio.

Lowering, laying and joining of MS pipes:

oBefore welding the pipe faces shall be cleaned by scraping

by wire brushes
Lowering, laying ,joining & painting: (M.S PIPES)

oMS pipe provided with cement mortar / apoxy painting

in lining and coating

oThe ends of MS pipes shall have beveled ends for welding

oMS pipes are manufactured either by electro resistance

welding or submerged arc welding process longitudinallyor
spirally welded

oManual metal arc welding with covered electrodes.

 Blasting, Sand bedding & Back filling

DEFINITIONS

o Bedding Course: Layer placed over the excavated subgrade

in a trench before laying pipe.

o Backfill: Soil materials used to fill an excavated trench:

1) Initial Backfill (Select Earth Backfill): Backfill placed beside

and 12 inches over the top of the pipe in a trench, including
haunches to support sides of pipe.

2) Final Backfill (Common Earth Backfill): Backfill placed over

the initial backfill to fill a trench.
 Blasting, Sand bedding & Back filling

o Blasting :

Blasting shall be performed only with such quantities and

strengths of explosives and in such manner as will break the
rock approximately to the lines and grades shown leaving the
rock not to be excavated in an unshattered condition.

Controlled blasting techniques shall be used for all perimeter

surfaces when blasting to final grades or lines.

Where the nature of the rock is such that excessive over break
beyond these limits may occur, the Engineer may require that
no blasting be done and that mechanical means be used for
rock excavation.
 Blasting, Sand bedding & Back filling

o Back Filling :

Back fill with excavated soil should be free from

cinders, ashes, slag, refuse, rubbish, vegetable or organic
metal, lumpy or frozen metal, boulders rocks, other materials
which in the opinion of any authority, is deleterious.

o Concrete slabs over pipes :

when pipes are laid below roads (which may be

subjected to heavy traffic loads), trenches should be covered
with reinforced concrete slabs
 Hydro testing

o After Completion of each section of pipeline, it shall be

tested for water tightness before being covered in.

o This can be done by closing each end by means of

valve, blank flange, cap or plug and filling the pipe with
water.

o The pressure shall be raised gradually by means of a hydro

testing pump till the pressure is at least one and half times
the working pressure.

o A pressure to be specified by the authority for a duration of

one hour.

NOTE : In the test pressure drops after one hour

Commissioning, Final measurement & Reconciliation