ANIMATION

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What is
ANIMATION ?

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Animation

• Derived from the Latin verb animare, which means ‘to give life to’.

• Animations are created from sequence of still images and each images is slightly
changed from the previous one.

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Animation

• The images are then displayed rapidly in succession so that the eye is fooled into
perceiving continuous motion due to persistence of vision

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History of Animation

• As early as 18,000BC, the paintings drawn inside the cave at Althimira, Spain, such as
the eight legged boar, depict both movement in pictures of animal with multiple legs,
and sequential art, with a series of drawing that show an event in time.

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History of Animation

• 19th century devices optical toys became the precursors to cinematic animation.

• Thaumatrope – It is a disc with a string or peg attached to both sides. One side of
the disc showed a bird, the other an empty cage. When the disc was twirled, the
bird appeared in the cage

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History of Animation

• Phenakistoscope – also called the Wheel of Life

• Zoetrope – It was first called Daelalum, or Wheel of the Devil and it was not popular
until the 1860s when its name was changed to zoetrope

• Praxinoscope

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Examples of Animation

Phenakistoscope Zoetrope Praxinoscope

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Types of Animation

Cel Animation

• Cel animation is a term from traditional animation

• Cel comes from the word celluloid, the material that made up early motion picture
film – transparent piece of film that is used in hand-drawn animation

• Animation cels are generally layered to produce a single frame

• Examples?

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Types of Animation

Stop Motion

• Animation that involves physical model, which changed by small amounts at a time
and then repeatedly photographed

• Examples?

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Wallace & Gromit Corpse Bride

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Types of Animation

Computer Animation

• Encompasses a variety of techniques but the unifying factor being that the animation
is created digitally on a computer

• 2 categories of computer animation

– 2d animation

– 3d animation

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Types of Animation

Computer Animation – 2D animation

• Is similar to traditional cel animation but the figures are created on the computer
using 2D bitmap graphics or 2d vector graphics.

• Examples 1 | 2

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Types of Animation

Computer Animation – 3D animation

• Digital models are manipulated in 3 dimension where the

location is describe in a coordinate system of X, Y and Z

• 3 basic transformations to move or change the objects

are – translation, rotation and scaling

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3D Animation

Ice Age Monster vs Alien

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Beowulf Polar Express

Appleseed Ex Machina ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Lord of the Rings -

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File Formats used in Animation

• .dir and .dcr - Director files.

• .fli and .flc - AnimatorPro files.

• .max - 3D Studio Max files.

• .pics - SuperCard and Director files.

• .fla and .swf - Flash files.

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Making Successful Animations

Some animation tools are:

– Adobe's Flash.

– Alias|Wavefront's Maya.

– NewTek's Lightwave.

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Summary

• Animation is visual change over time and adds great power to multimedia.

• Cell animation uses a series of progressively different graphics on each frame of movie
film.

• Computer animation has eased the process of creating animation.

• Many file formats are designed specifically to contain animation.

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Reference

• Principles of Multimedia. Parekh, Ranjan. Tata McGraw-Hill, 2006

• Understanding Animation. Wells, Paul. Routledge, 1998

• Hollywood Cartoons: American Animations in its Golden Age. Barrier, Michael. Oxford
University Press, 2003

• Animation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation

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End of Lecture

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