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  • Classifying Invertebrates and Vertebrates

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    Niel Felicilda
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    Classification involves organizing living things into groups based on their anatomical and genetic characteristics. There are many levels in the classification hierarchy, with the top level being the five kingdoms. Classification is important as it helps identify species, group similar organisms, and study evolutionary relationships. Vertebrates are classified into five groups - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - based on traits like whether they have backbones, regulate their body temperature, lay eggs, or produce milk. Insects are the most successful invertebrates and have traits like an external skeleton, three body segments, six legs, and usually two or four wings.

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    Classification involves organizing living things into groups based on their anatomical and genetic characteristics. There are many levels in the classification hierarchy, with the top level being the five kingdoms. Classification is important as it helps identify species, group similar organisms, and study evolutionary relationships. Vertebrates are classified into five groups - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - based on traits like whether they have backbones, regulate their body temperature, lay eggs, or produce milk. Insects are the most successful invertebrates and have traits like an external skeleton, three body segments, six legs, and usually two or four wings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    36 просмотров19 страниц

    Classifying Invertebrates and Vertebrates

    Загружено:

    Niel Felicilda
    Classification involves organizing living things into groups based on their anatomical and genetic characteristics. There are many levels in the classification hierarchy, with the top level being the five kingdoms. Classification is important as it helps identify species, group similar organisms, and study evolutionary relationships. Vertebrates are classified into five groups - fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - based on traits like whether they have backbones, regulate their body temperature, lay eggs, or produce milk. Insects are the most successful invertebrates and have traits like an external skeleton, three body segments, six legs, and usually two or four wings.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PPTX, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
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    из 19

    Classification

    Classification
    What is classification?
    – Organising living things into groups:
    • Anatomy
    • Genetics

    Horseshoe crab
    Anatomically - looks like a crab
    Genetically - more closely related
    to spiders
    Classification

    Why classify organisms?

    Blue whale - MAMMAL


    Classification

    Why classify organisms?


    • Helps others understand which species you are talking
    about
    • Can group species based on shared characteristics
    • To study phylogeny – how related species are

    Emperor penguin - BIRD Dusky dolphin - MAMMAL


    Classification
    • Linnaean classification
    – Genus and species, e.g. Homo sapiens

    Panthera leo Panthera tigris


    Classification

    • Genus and species are the tip of the iceberg

    • There are many different levels in the classification hierarchy

    • Top level is the 5 Kingdoms:

    – Protists (e.g. amoebae, algae)


    – Prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria, archaebacteria)
    – Fungi
    – Plants
    – Animals
    Classification
    Kingdom Animalia

    • ~ 1.26 million animal


    species

    • Vertebrates and Monarch butterfly


    INVERTEBRATE
    invertebrates

    • ~ 1.2 million are


    invertebrates
    (e.g. insects, crustaceans)

    • ~ 60,000 are vertebrates Great white shark


    VERTEBRATE
    Classification

    INVERTEBRATES
    • No spinal column (also called backbone)
    • No internal skeleton

    VERTEBRATES
    • Have a spinal column
    • Have an internal skeleton Seven-spot ladybird
    INVERTEBRATE
    Vertebrates are divided into five groups:
    • Fish
    • Amphibians
    • Reptiles
    • Birds
    • Mammals

    Purple frog
    VERTEBRATE
    The Vertebrates

    Mammals
    • Produce milk from
    mammary glands to feed
    young

    • Maintain constant body


    temperature (warm-
    blooded)

    • Covering of hair

    • Give birth to live young


    The Vertebrates

    Birds
    • Maintain a constant body
    temperature (warm-blooded)

    • Reproduce by laying eggs

    • Have feathers

    • Most can fly

    • Have a beak
    The Vertebrates

    Reptiles
    • Don’t regulate body
    temperature (cold-blooded)

    • Tough scaly skin

    • Most lay eggs with leathery


    shells
    The Vertebrates

    Amphibians
    • Don’t regulate body temperature
    (cold-blooded)

    • Lay eggs in water

    • Life cycle involves transformation


    from aquatic larvae to terrestrial
    adult

    • Can respire through porous skin


    The Vertebrates

    Fish

    • A collection of four distantly


    related groups

    • Breathe underwater using


    internal gills for gas exchange

    • Body covered with scales

    • Most don’t regulate body


    temperature (cold-blooded)
    Vertebrates
    Activity 1: Guess Zoo
    • Get into groups of 6 - 8

    • Take a species card - DO NOT LOOK AT IT!

    • Hold the card on your head for the rest of your group to see

    • Take turns to ask Yes or No Questions to work out which animal


    you are

    • Ask questions based on classification


    – e.g. do I have cold blood?

    Note: Asking if you are a mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian or fish is


    against the rules!
    Invertebrates

    Activity 2: Insect classification


    Insects are probably the most successful of all invertebrates.

    All insects have:


    • An external skeleton
    • A body split into three segments –
    head, thorax and abdomen
    • Six jointed legs, one pair on each
    body segment
    • Antennae
    Invertebrates

    Activity 2: Insect classification

    Most insects have:


    • 2 or 4 wings for all or part of their life
    • Compound eyes
    Invertebrates

    Activity 2: Insect classification

    1. Use a computer to research the following insect orders:


    Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera,
    Odonata

    2. Using www.ARKive.org for inspiration, draw a typical


    species of 1 or 2 of these groups on A3 paper

    3. Label the diagram with the defining features of the insect


    order it belongs to
    Orthoptera - Grasshoppers and
    crickets
    Stridulation – rubbing
    wings/legs/abdomen
    to create sound
    Wings folded over abdomen

    Large eyes

    Ovipositor

    Incomplete metamorphosis Ears in legs or


    abdomen
    Discussion questions

    • Why do we classify organisms?

    • What are the defining characteristics of mammals?

    • What are the defining characteristics of insects?

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