THE LATHE MACHINE

Lathe Machine
 The Lathe
• The main function of lathe is to remove metal from a piece of work to give it the
required shape
• This is accomplished by holding the work securely and rigidly on the machine and then
turning it against cutting tool which will remove metal from the work in the form of
chips
• The tool should be harder than the material of the workpiece

Types of Lathe
• Lathes of various designs and constructions have been developed to suit the various
conditions of metal machining but they perform same fundamental operation and
perform the same function

1. Speed lathe
a) Wood working
b) Centering
c) Polishing
d) Spinning
 Types of Lathe
2. Engine Lathe
a) Belt Drive
b) Individual motor drive
c) Gear head lathe

3. Bench Lathe

4. Tool room lathe

5. Capstan and turret lathe

6. Special Purpose
a) Wheel lathe
b) Gap bed lathe
c) T- Lathe
d) Duplicating lathe

7. Automatic lathe
Difference between Centre lathe and Turret lathe
Centre lathe
Manually operated lathe
It has only one tool post, tool
changing time is more
Tailstock is present
Only one tool can be fitted in
the tail stock
No feed stops to control the
tool
Only one operation is done at
a time
It is not suitable for mass
production
Turret Lathe
Semi automatic lathe
Front and rear tool posts are
available , tool changing time
is less
It has a turret instead of tail
stock
Six different tools can be fitted
in the turret head
Tools are controlled by feed
stops
More than one operation can
be done at a time
It is suitable for mass
production
 Difference between the Capstan and Turret lathes

Capstan lathe Turret lathe

The turret of the capstan lathe is mounted
on a short slide or ram which slides on
saddle, thus the travel of the turret lathe
is dependent upon the length of the travel
of the ram
The turret on a turret lathe is mounted
on a saddle which slides on the bed, this
feature enables the turret to be removed
on the entire length of the bed and can
machine longer work

This arrangement leads to non-rigid The turret is mounted on the saddle

construction which is subjected to which slides directly on the lathe bed
bending , deflection or vibration under ways, hence provides utmost rigidity to
heavy cutting load the tool support as the entire cutting load
is taken up by the lathe bed

Maximum size of the bars accommodated Maximum size of the bars

is 60 mm diameter accommodated is 125 to 200 mm
diameter
Suitable for bar works Larger and heavier chucking works are
usually handled
 Difference between the Capstan and Turret lathes
Capstan lathe
The hexagonal turret can be moved
back and forth much more rapidly
without having to move the entire
saddle unit, required for small articles
which require fast cut, less fatigue for
the operator since ram is lighter
The cross slide is mounted on the
carriage which rests on the bed ways
between headstock and the Ram
Turret lathe
The hand feeding is laborious process
due to the movement of the entire
saddle unit
Some of the turret lathes the cross
slide is hung at the sideway of the bed
and it does not require the support, it
enables the larger diameter of work to
swing
Capstan and Turret Lathe
Capstan lathe Turret lathe
Capstan and Turret feed mechanism
Bar Feed Mechanism
 Work Holding Devices

Universal Chuck Collet Chuck

Work Holding Devices
 Work Holding Devices

Combination Chuck Air Operated Chuck

Collet Chuck
 Tool Holding Devices
• There are many different types of tool holders for holding tools for different
operations
which helps in mass production when work performed from Capstan and Turret Lathes
• Tool Holders can be mounted on turret faces or on cross-slide tool post.

Widely used tool holders are:

1. Straight Cutter holder
2. Plain or adjustable angle cutter holder
3. Multiple cutter holder
4. Offset cutter holder
5. Combination tool holder or multiple turning head
6. Slide tool holder
7. Knee tool holder
8. Drill holder
9. Boring bar holder or Extension holder or flanged tool holder
10. Reamer holder
11. Knurling tool holder
12. Recessing tool holder
13. Form tool holder :a) Straight, b) Circular
14. Tap holder
15. Die holder
16. Balanced tool holder(box Tool)
17. V-steady box tool holder
18. Roller Steady box tool holder
19. Bar ending tool holder
Tool Holding Devices
Tool Holding Devices
Tool Holding Devices
Tool Holding Devices
 Capstan and Turret lathe tools
1. Turning tool
2. Facing tool
3. Parting tool
4. Chamfering tool
5. Bar ending tool
6. Grooving and Recessing
7. Forming tool
8. Drill
9. Boring tool
10. Counter bore
11. Reamer
 Capstan and Turret lathe tools

Parting off Tool

 Die head Chaser
Form tool

Radial chaser

Circular Chaser Tangential Chaser Die Head

Capstan and Turret lathe tools