Solid State Transformer

Concepts, Methodology, Project life cycle, Achieved outcomes, Challenges.

Group members:
Usama Shamshad 2016-EE-367
Ahmed Qadeer 2016-EE-381

Haris Sarwar 2016-EE-403

Muzamil Latif 2016-EE-433

Supervisor:
Ms. Maryam Mughees
 Contents:
Introduction

Architecture & designing of SST

Achieved outcomes

HF Transformer Design

Future Work

Project lifecycle

References
What is Solid State Transformer…?
• The SST is a power electronics interface which combines
power converters, high frequency. (HF) or medium-frequency
(MF) transformers, and control circuitry.

Fig.1 Block diagram

 Advantages of SST over Con. Distribution
Transformer:

• Achieved digital control of electric supply network.

• Reduce transformer weight and size.
• Reduce voltage regulation.
• Achieve power factor and power flow control.

• Harmonic insulation.
• Lessen the power losses.
• Environmental benefits.
 SST Architecture:
Topology (c) is selected for the project because of the following reasons.

• This topology offers

the flexible usage of
SST with the
availability of both
HVDC and LVDC link.
•The presence of HVDC
link, this transformer
can be integrated with
renew-able energy
generation stations
directly

Fig. 2
Achieved Outcomes:

• High Voltage rectifier.

• Filter circuit.
• High frequency inverter.
• High frequency transformer.
High Voltage Rectifier:
Three phase rectification is process of converting a balanced
three phase supply into fixed D.C supply using solid state diodes.

Fig. 3 Full Bridge Rectifier

Simulation:

D.C
Output
Voltage

Fig. 4 Output Result

 High
Frequency
Inverter
High Frequency Inverter:
• Converting DC to AC (Square wave) with the help of
switching device like MOSFET
• Switching frequency of MOSFETS is approximately equal to
100kHz.

Fig. 5 Inverter Circuit Fig. 6 Control Circuit

Design of High Frequency Inverter:
It consists of three main parts
• Control Circuit
We used IC SG3525 which will set the oscillator frequency by
pulse width modulation we get controlled constant voltage.
• Gate Driver Circuit
High density mounting type photo coupler
High isolation voltage between input and output
• Bridge circuit
FQA11N90C,900V N-Channel MOSFET
Simulation:

Fig. 7 Full Bridge Inverter

Simulation Result:

Fig. 8 Output Waveform

H.F Inverter testing:

Fig. 9 Oscilloscope waveform

High Frequency Transformer:
• HFT works on the same basic principle as the normal
transformer works. But the main difference is that, as
their name suggest, they are operated at high frequencies.
• The flux is inversely related with frequency, the flux
decreases and it will reduce the copper losses and hence
transformer will be more efficient than the normal
transformers.
• Due to high frequency of current skin effect and
proximity effect also occur in the conductor or wire.
Size Difference Between High and
Low Frequency Transformers
Advantages:
• Operating at high
frequency has many
benefits. The most
important is their size as
discussed above.
Disadvantages:
• Due to high frequency of
current skin effect and
proximity effect also occur
Fig. 10 in the conductor or wire.
Ferrite Core:
• In electronics, a Ferrite core is a type of magnetic core made
of ferrite on which the windings of electric transformers and
other wound components such as inductors are formed.

• It is used for its properties of high magnetic permeability

coupled with low electrical conductivity (which helps prevent
eddy currents).

Fig. 11 Ferrite Core ETD44

HF Transformer Design Methodology
1. System and topology Specifications

Core Material Insulation Material

3.Optimum Flux Density

4. Core Dimension

5. Winding Calculations

6.Leakage Inductance

7.Isolation Distance

Core Loss Winding Loss

9. Efficiency & T

10. Optimized Design

Designing Parameters:
Primary Voltage Vp (V) 440
Secondary Voltage Vs (V) 220
Primary current Ip (A) 0.6
Secondary current Is (A) 0.5
Primary turns Np (turns) 600
Secondary turns Ns (turns) 300
Frequency f (kHz) 100
Duty cycle D 0.5
Expected temperature ∆T (C) 28
rise
Leakage inductance Lk (mH) 0.74
High Frequency transformer:
• Maximum
  Flux:

• Window area product:

• Primary Turns:

• Current Density:

Fig. 12 High Frequency transformer

Future Work:
• Although the SST designed and implemented in this project
has several profitable features but improvements and
modification can be done to make it more competitive and
reliable.
• the efficiency of the SST can be enhanced by using controlled
rectification.
• Insulation Materials under HF voltage stress.
• Control Operation.
• Reliability of SST.
Project Lifecycle:
October Literature Review

November High Voltage Rectifier

December High Frequency Inverter

January High Frequency Inverter

February High Frequency Transformer Design

March Inverter , Rectifier

References:
• D. K. Rathod. Solid State Transformer \Review of Recent
Developments". Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering, Vol. 4,
No. 6, pp. 45-50, 2014.
• X. She, X. R. Burgos, and A. Q. Huang. \Review of Solid-State
Transformer Technologies and Their Application in Power Distribution
Systems". IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power
Electronics, Vol. 1, Issue. 3, pp. 186-198, September 2013.
• Dr. Ashok. S. \Solid State Transformer (SST)". Power Electronics for
Grid Connected Renewable Energy System (PEGCRES), 2015.
• Electronic Bits. \Transformer Design". https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=3nfqBzPMknY, Last accessed on June 12, 2018.
• M. H. Rashid. Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications.
Pearson, 2004.
Thank You!