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What Is Design?
As when used for a building, a modular design for a network has many benefits,
including the following:
• It is easier to understand and design smaller, simpler modules rather than an
entire network.
• It is easier to troubleshoot smaller elements compared to the entire network.
• The reuse of blocks saves design time and effort, as well as implementation
time and effort.
• The reuse of blocks allows the network to grow more easily, providing network
scalability.
• It is easier to change modules rather than the entire network, providing
flexibility of design.
Hierarchical Network
Design
.
.
Hierarchical Network
Design
.
As when used for a building, a modular design for a network has many benefits,
including the following:
• It is easier to understand and design smaller, simpler modules rather than an
entire network.
• It is easier to troubleshoot smaller elements compared to the entire network.
• The reuse of blocks saves design time and effort, as well as implementation
time and effort.
• The reuse of blocks allows the network to grow more easily, providing network
scalability.
• It is easier to change modules rather than the entire network, providing
flexibility of design.
Hierarchical Network
Design
• Basic Configurations
• Internet Access
• Voice over Wireless
• Inventory Control
• Health Care
• Education
• Real Estate
• Utilities
• Vending
• Public Networks
• Location-Based Services
Wireless Networks
Categories
• rates of up to 54 Mbps
• IEEE 802.11
• 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz frequency ba
Wireless MANS
• IEEE 802.16
• IEEE 802.11
Wireless WANS
• User Devices
• Radio NICs
• USB Adapters
• Routers
Wireless PAN Systems
• Streaming Multimedia
• Control
• Printing
• Internet Connections
Wireless PAN Technologies
• User Devices
• Radio NICs
• Access Points
• Routers
• Repeaters
• Antennae
Wireless LAN Systems
• 802.11
– 802.11 MAC Layer
– Scanning
– Authentication
– Association
– WEP /WAP
– RTS/CTS
– Power Save Mode
– Fragmentation
• 802.11 Physical Layers
– 802.11a
– 802.11b
– 802.11g
• WiFi
– is an international nonprofit organization focusing on the marketing and
interoperability of 802.11 wireless LAN products
Wireless MANs: Networks for
Connecting Buildings and
Remote Areas
• Bridges
– Basic Ethernet-to-Wireless Bridges
– Bridges Versus Access Points
– Workgroup Bridges
• Directional Antennae
– Semidirectional Antennae
– Highly Directional Antennae
Wireless MAN Systems
• Point-to-Point Systems
• Point-to-Multipoint System
• Wireless WANs satisfy needs for networking over vast distances, such as
countries and continents. In most cases, wireless WANs offer connections
while away from the office, home, and the indoor public wireless LANs.
Wireless WANs do provide coverage inside buildings, but performance in
these areas is often much less than when operating outside.
Wireless WAN Components
• Radio NICs
• Base Stations
• Antennae
Wireless WAN Systems
IP
VD SL Asymmetric
ATM ADSL
G.SHDSL
Symmetric
TDM
IDSL / HDSL / SDSL / MDSL
Tecnologías xDSL
Service Line Coding Telephony Applications
Digital Telephony
IDSL 2B1Q Digital telephony on a single BRI channel 1Internet Access
1Video Conferences
T1/E1, FT1/FE1 service
1LAN/WAN Interconnection
HDSL 2B1Q Digital telephony in 64 kbps channel
1Fiber Extension Access
1Intranet
LAN/WAN Interconnection
MSDSL CAP Digital telephony in 64 kbps channel
1Intranet
T1/E1, FT1/FE1 service
1LAN/WAN Interconnection
SHDSL TC-PAM 16 Digital telephony in 64 kbps channel
1Intergrated Access Device (IAD)
1Intranet
Internet Access
1Remote LAN access
ADSL QAM, CAP, DMT Analog POTS 1Video on Demand
1Interactive Multimedia
1Intranet
Same as ADSL
QAM, CAP, DMT, ISDN, and
VDSL 1HDTV
DWMT Analog POTS
1Other Multimedia Service
Evolución de Accesos de
Adonodo
Avance en Códigos de
Línea
• DMT:Discrete MultiTone
DMT
DSLAM
CABLE Modems
Cable Industry Broadband Advantages
• Capacity
– Multiple Gigabits MPEG
MPEG
services
services VIDEO
• Interactivity VIDEO
•HVAC control
•Fire sense & control
•Security
•Air quality monitoring CM
CM
•Child monitoring CMTS CM
MPEG Services
•Energy management, etc.
CM
CM
Operator Core Operator
Aggregation CMTS CM
Backbone
network CM
•Remote file sharing CM CM
IP Services •Shared calendar CMTS CM
•Unified messaging
•Managed services CM
Core Network Aggregation Network Access Network
Operator administered
• DOCSIS
– Open standards process in the ITU and SCTE
– Based on member requirements
– Managed by operators for global use
– Multi-supplier support and cost advantages
• 1000+ vendors have signed the DOCSIS NDA
• 85+ vendors have received certification or qualification
– Low cost, consumer-oriented brand
• DOCSIS is fundamental technology
– PacketCable
– CableHome
– Scalable, Manageable, Interoperable
– Catalyst for development of new cable services
DOCSIS Evolution & Road
Map
Home
Backbone HFC
Net
Core Packaged
Packaged
Core Services
Technology
Technology Services Personalized
Services
DOCSIS®
PacketCable™
DOCSIS 2.0
Symmetric services
CableHome™
How Cable Modems Work
Picasso Einstein Leonard
Headend
Fiber
Node
Rosie
Coax
Fiber
Node
Coax
Coaxial
Cable
Jimmy Mom
Legend
Pad
Grandpa
Amplifier
Splitter
Tap Junior
How Cable Modems Work (Cont.)
One-to-Two
Splitter
Set-Top
Box
Cable Modem
RF QAM
Control Logic
Tuner Demodulator
Data and
QPSK/QAM MAC
Modulator
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Cable Modems
Advantages of Cable Modems
–Existing cable TV systems offer plenty of available
bandwidth for both upstream and downstream traffic.
–A cable TV infrastructure upgrade with hybrid fiber-
coaxial (HFC) has addressed many of the existing
service bottlenecks.
Disadvantages of Cable Modems
–Cable modems almost always require an overhaul of
the existing cable infrastructure, an expensive
undertaking for smaller providers.
–Cable modems exist in a shared-media structure, so
the more users that come on the network the less
bandwidth is available for users.
MetroEthernet
MetroEthernet
3 1 12
User Priority CFI Bits of VLAN ID (VIDI) to identify possible VLANs
• User Priority- Defines user priority, giving eight (2^3) priority levels. IEEE 802.1P defines the operation for these
3 user priority bits.
• CFI- Canonical Format Indicator is always set to zero for Ethernet switches. CFI is used for compatibility reason
between Ethernet type network and Token Ring type network. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI
set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port.
• VID- VLAN ID is the identification of the VLAN, which is basically used by the standard 802.1Q. It has 12 bits
and allow the identification of 4096 (2^12) VLANs. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify
priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.
• Length/Type- 2 bytes. This field indicates either the number of MAC-client data bytes that are contained in the
data field of the frame, or the frame type ID if the frame is assembled using an optional format.
• Data- Is a sequence of nbytes (48=< n =<1500) of any value. The total frame minimum is 64bytes.
• Frame check sequence (FCS)- 4 bytes. This sequence contains a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value,
which is created by the sending MAC and is recalculated by the receiving MAC to check for damaged frames.
Foros involucrados
• IEEE
– http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/index.html
• ITU-T (Study Group 15)
– Adaptar ethernet a redes de transporte SDH y MPLS
– http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com15/index.asp
• IETF
– Emulación de enlaces ethernet y LAN´s sobre redes de conmutación de
paquetes
– http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/mpls-charter.html
• Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF)
– Definir los servicios ethernet así como sus atributos y parámetros
– http://www.metroethernetforum.org
Servicios
Servicios
Metropolitanos
Red
Metro Ethernet 10 Mbps
100 Mbps Ethernet
del Proveedro
Ethernet de Servicios
10 Mbps
Ethernet
• Red Metro Ethernet: Cualquier red destinada a suministrar servicios
Metro Ethernet.
• En general el término Metro Ethernet se aplica a redes de operador. Oficina
• Servicios Metro Ethernet: Servicios de conectividad MAN/WAN de Remota 3
nivel 2 a través de UNIs Ethernet
• La red del proveedor puede implementarse con varias opciones de
transporte
Qué ofrece Ethernet
como tecnología de
transporte
LAN/WAN/MAN?
• Ethernet se ha convertido en una tecnología única para LAN, MAN y WAN
Tecnologías
Optical
EoMPLS VPLS RPR EoS CWDM/DWDM
Ethernet
SDH EFM E-PON Fibra UTP Línea de cobre
Evolución de
Ethernet
Casa Acceso Distribución Metro Metro Core
Residencial
MDU
ATM ADSL ATM ATM
T1/E1 SONET/SDH SONET/SDH Global
FR Internet
ATM
STU
Empresa
MTU
• Misión
– Acelerar la adopción de la tecnología y servicios Ethernet a nivel de
operador
• Objetivos
1. Build consensus and unite service providers, equipment
vendors and end customers on Ethernet service definition,
technical specifications and interoperability.
2. Facilitate implementation of existing and new standards,
Ethernet service definition, test procedures and technical
specifications of the MEF to allow delivery of Ethernet services
and make Ethernet-based metro networks carrier class.
3. Enhance worldwide awareness of the benefits of Ethernet
services and Ethernet based metro transport networks.
Competencias del
MEF y prioridades
• CE puede ser un
– router CE
UNI
– Bridge IEEE 802.1Q (switch)
Metro
Ethernet
• UNI (User Network Interface) Network
– Standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet PHY and MAC (MEN) CE
– 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps or 10Gbps
UNI
– Soporte de varias clases de servicio (QoS)
CE
• NNI en un futuro
Servicio Ethernet –
Modelo (2)
• Multiplexación de servicios
– Asocia una UNI con varias EVC. Puede ser:
• Hay varios clientes en una sóla puerta (ej. En un POP UNI)
• Hay varias conexiones de servicios distintos para un solo cliente
• Transparencia de VLAN
– Significa que proveedor del servico no cambia el identificador de la
VLAN ( el MEN aparece como un gran switch)
– En el servicio de acceso a Internet tiene poco importancia
• “Bundling”
– Más de una VLAN de cliente está asociada al EVC en una UNI
• Etc.
Atributos
• Atributos de UNI: (
– identificador, tipo de medio, velocidad, duplex, etc)
– Atributo de soporte de VLAN tag
– Atributo de multiplexación de servicio
– Bundling attribute
– Security filters attribute
– etc
• Atributos de EVC:
– Parámetros de tráfico (CIR, PIR, in, out, etc)
– Parámetros de prestaciones (delay, jitter, etc)
– Parámetros de Clase de Servicio (VLAN-ID, valor de .1p, etc)
– Atributo de Service frame delivery
– Unicast frame delivery
– Multicast frame delivery
– etc
Servicio Ethernet Line (E-Line)
Point-to-Point
Ethernet Virtual Circuits Servers
(EVC)
IP Voice UNI
IP PBX
CE Metro
Data Ethernet
Network
CE
1 or more
UNIs Video
IP Voice
UNI
CE
Data
Servicio Ethernet
Line (E-Line)
• Una E-Line puede operar con ancho de banda dedicado ó con un ancho de
banda compartido.
Multipoint-to-Multipoint
Ethernet Virtual Circuit
(EVC) Servers
IP Voice
UNI
UNI
Data IP PBX
CE Metro
Ethernet CE
Network
IP Voice
UNI CE IP Voice
CE UNI
Data
Data
Servicio Ethernet
LAN (E-LAN)
• Una E-LAN puede operar con ancho de banda dedicado ó con un ancho de
banda compartido.
• EPLan: Ethernet Private LAN
– Suministra una conectividad multipunto entre dos o más UNI´s, con un
ancho de banda dedicado.
• EVPLan: Ethernet Virtual Private LAN
– Otros nombres:
• VPLS: Virtual Private Lan Service
• TLS: Transparent Lan Service
• VPSN: Virtual Private Switched Network
– La separación de clientes vía encapsulación: las etiquetas de VLAN´s del
proveedor no son suficientes (4096)
– Es el servicio más rentable desde el punto de vista del proveedor.
Clasificación de Metro
Ethernet Services L2/3
CE
Metro Ethernet Service UNI
CE
EPL UNI
EVC1 CE
UNI
Conectividad dentro de MEN (EWS)
CE UNI EVC2
Private Line Service
UNI CE
UNI EVC3
L2/3
PtP EVC
(VPWS, PW, ELS, VLL) VLAN 1 CE
VLAN 2 UNI
ERS L3 VLAN 3
CE EVC1
(ERS) UNI
CE
EVC2
A EVC FR Multiplexed EVC3 ISP POP
UNI Router
UNI
Service Interface CE CE
LAN Extension UNI
Physical port/ UNI
Logical port (VLAN) L2/3
CE
(EMS)
MPtMP EVC CE
EVC1
UNI CE
(VPLS, E-LAN Service, TLS)
UNI
ISP POP
CE Router
CE
ERMS UNI UNI
A EVC (ERMS) CE
L3 EVC1
CE CE
UNI
EVC2
Service Multiplexed UNI
Servicios metro-
ethernet
Aplicación
Almacenam Acceso a VPN Telefonía
sobre CESoE VoD
iento Internet ethernet IP
ethernet
Servicio de
Servicios E-Line y E-LAN
conectividad
(virtual y privado, MAN y WAN)
ethernet
Tecnología de Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
suministro de sobre fibra sobre SDH
ethernet sobre RPR sobre MPLS sobre xWDM
óptica (NGN)
What’s Carrier Ethernet
Protection
• 50ms Protection
• End to End Path Protection
Scalability • Aggregated Line & Node Protection
Carrier
Ethernet
Service
Management
• Fast service creation
• Carrier class OAM capabilities
TDM Support
• Seamless integration of TDM
• Customer Network Management (CNM) • Circuit Emulation Services
• Support existing voice applications
Carrier Ethernet Standards
Protection
• MEF 2 – Ethernet Protection
• MEF 4 – Architecture Framework
• IETF – MPLS Fast Reroute
Scalability
•
•
MEF 9 – UNI Testing
MEF 11 – UNI Framework
Hard QoS
• MEF 6 – Service Definition
• MEF UNI I IA
• MEF 10 – Service Attributes
• MEF UNI Type II
• MEF Service Attributes II
• MEF Ethernet Aggregation
•
• IEEE 802.1 Carrier MEF Service Attributes
Testing
• MEF Service Definition II
Ethernet
Service
Management
•
•
MEF 7 – EMS and NMS Info Model
MEF OAM Framework & Requirements
TDM Support
• MEF 3 – CES Framework
• MEF Performance Monitoring • MEF 8 – CES Implementation
• MEF NE Management Requirements • MEF TDM Testing
• IEEE 802.1, ITU
Naranja – estándar ratificado por el MEF; Verde – en desarrollo por el MEF; Gris – en desarrollo por
otros organismos de estandarización
Especificaciones del
MEF
CWDM
DWDM
Servicio Ethernet
LAN (E-LAN)