e of Affairs PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION By Latiza, Cyrel Mallie
http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com Definition of Bureaucracy BUREAUCRACY A bureaucracy is a large organization that is structured hierarchically to carry out specific functions.
Administration of a government chiefly through bureaus or
departments staffed with nonelected officials.
The definition of bureaucracy means government
04 workers, or a group that makes official decisions following an established process.
An example of a bureaucracy is the staff that runs a city hall.
Bureaucracy
The term "bureaucracy" originated in the French
language: it combines the French word bureau – desk or office with the Greek word κράτος (kratos)- rule or political power. The French economist Jacques Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay (1712-1759) coined the word in the mid-18th century. Purpose of Bureaucracy
The purpose of a bureaucracy is the efficient
administration of rules, regulations, and policies.
Governments, businesses, and other
institutions such as colleges and universities have bureaucracies by necessity. Purpose of Bureaucracy
They permit the performance of large-scale tasks
without the complex, yet systematic, organization thata bureaucracy can provide, we could not accomplish much of what we now take for granted. The emergence of formal organizations can be traced back to the early societies that began to under-take social projects and tasks of increasingly larger proportions and dimensions (Blau & Meyer, 1971). State of Affairs defined… STATE OF AFFAIRS The state of affairs is the combination of circumstances applying within a society or group at a particular time.
The current state of affairs
may be considered acceptable by many observersbut not necessarily by all. The state of affairs may present a challenge, or be complicated, or contain a conflict of interest. The status quo represents the existing state of affairs. State of Affairs in Philippine Bureaucracy
The Philippine bureaucracy was traditionally
involved in service delivery and policy implementation, but external and internal pressures has made it a policy-making power. The bureaucracy's performance is important because it is attributed to be the executive's performance that is, the President's performance. State of Affairs in Philippine Bureaucracy
The bureaucratic model is characterized thus: “being
lazy, rule-minded, rigid, wasteful and eager to retain power” (Goodsell: 2000); “engulfed in a cocoon of indifference, ignorance, incoherence and inefficiency.” (Sosmeña: n.d.) State of Affairs in Philippine Bureaucracy
According to PERC survey ( Political and Economic
Risk Consultancy),
In Asia, the Philippines belongs to the list of the
“Most Inefficient Bureaucracies in Asia” which was ranked as third while India is in the first spot then followed by Indonesia. State of Affairs in Philippine Bureaucracy
The government "goes through the motion" of
addressing problems of bureaucratic red tape "but nothing has really made a dent in the problem," PERC said.
"Illegal fixing is well-entrenched in the Philippine
bureaucracy," it said, referring to people called "fixers" who offer to facilitate transactions with government offices for a fee and often in collaboration with corrupt employees. Characteristics of Philippine Bureaucracy
Vulnerability to Nepotism Perpetuation of the Spoils
System The substructures of small kinship groups, members of the family groups by consanguinity, by Classify service, unclassified affinity,and by and temporary positions ritual kinship (compadre) give top which have become priority to family loyalty. convinient instruments for Within such groupings, all of them feel that they are under obligation the practice of nepotism, of to help patronage, and of influence each other in a variety of ways. peddling. Characteristics of Philippine Bureaucracy Apathetic public reaction of Lack of independence from bureaucratic misconduct. politics The people looked upon the Due to the absences of “class consciousness” and a feeling of phenomenon as a unity on the part of the Filipino concomitant result of the bureaucrats and the stigma of increasing complexity of the post- World War II ill-repute, the government, a method of Philippine bureaucracy’s “merit system” was easily subject to political promises to the attack and tampering by unemployed and politicians. underemployed segment of the population. Characteristics of Philippine Bureaucracy Essential instrument of Survival of historical social change experience The Philippine bureaucracy was In spite of its weaknesses, the administered according to a civil Philippine bureaucracy’s law system which the Spanish function in nation-building will bureaucracy as the scapegoat for all be as big, as complicated, and the weaknesses of the Philippine as demanding as the function political bureaucracy. There are indications, however that the of the whole society itself. weaknesses are not to be directly Primarily, it will have to be a attributed to the Spanish tool for innovations. government bureaucracy. Characteristics of Philippine Bureaucracy Availability of external peaceful means of correcting bureaucratic weakness Devices, such as constitutional rights and privileges- freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, civic action have been used for rectifying the defects and misdeeds of bureaucracy. Philippine Bureaucratic Behavior
Conformity to Policies
Bureaucracy stresses unquestioning
compliance through organizational policies, rules and regulations.
E.g. The Filipino is Authoritarian. When power is
given to him, he makes known to everyone that he is the boss. Philippine Bureaucratic Behavior
Preference toward continuity and
routinization
Bureaucracy puts much emphasis on
specialization hence, there is a general preference for the bureaucrats to maintain the status quo in the organization. Philippine Bureaucratic Behavior Loss of self- direction or self- assertion
The Filipino bureaucrats tend to
submerge themselves into a collective mode of decision- making and responsibility that defines bureaucratic structure.
E.g. Patience in accepting and bearing consequences in life
which may or may not involve hardwork that involves deep abiding faith that supernatural spirits will, in the long run, reward them with good fortune for their patience and endurance of difficulties. Philippine Bureaucratic Behavior
Politically Supportive
The bureaucratic system in the Philippines tend to
support the political party in power. The Filipinos are status oriented. Authority figures determine, to a large extent, the satisfaction or frustation of the Filipino’s aspiration for social acceptance, economic security and social mobility. E.g. The Filipino is Authoritarian. When power is given to him, he makes known to everyone that he is the boss. Bureaucratic Pathologies
There are five major problems with bureaucracies: red tape,
conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste.
1. Red tape is the existence of complex rules and
procedures that must be followed to get something done. Any large organization must have some way of ensuring that one part of the organization does not operate out of step with another. Bureaucratic Pathologies
2. Conflict exists when some agencies work at
cross-purposes with other agencies. The Agricultural Research Service tells farmers how to grow crops more efficiently, while the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service pays farmers to grow fewer crops. Because Congress has little strong leadership, it is not surprising that it passes laws that promote inconsistent or even contradictory goals. Bureaucratic Pathologies
3. Duplication occurs when two government
agencies seem to be doing the same thing, such as when the Customs Service and the Drug Enforcement Administration both attempt to intercept illegally smuggled drugs. Bureaucratic Pathologies
4. Imperialism refers to the tendency of agencies
to grow without regard to the benefits their programs confer or the costs they entail. Because government agencies seek vague goals and have vague mandates from Congress, it is not surprising that they often take the broadest possible view of their powers. If they do not, interest groups and judges may prod them into doing so. Bureaucratic Pathologies
5. Waste occurs when an agency spends more
than is necessary to buy some product or service.
An example would be the much-publicized
purchase of $300 hammers by the military. As a social organization, bureaucracy has strong as well as weak points. In spite of some negative characteristics, it still the only systematized method of carrying out the vital tasks of institution. Moreover, there are possible solution to the problems. Each solutioms represent a distinct method of improving its personnel administration. PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION By Latiza, Cyrel Mallie
