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Oleh
Bambang Kesit
Planning
Directing and
Motivating
Controlling
Planning and Control Cycle
Formulating Long-and Begin
Short-Term Plans
(Planning)
Measuring
Performance
(Controlling)
Differences Between Financial
and Managerial Accounting
Financial Managerial
Accounting Accounting
1. Users External persons who Managers who plan for
make financial decisions and control an organization
A more competitive
environment emphasizing:
Higher quality products
Lower prices and costs
Global competition Business environment
changes in the past
Meeting and anticipating twenty years
customer needs
The Changing Business
Environment
Just-In-Time
Total Quality
Management
Process Reengineering
Theory of Constraints
Organizational Structure
An
An organization
organization is is aa group
group of
of people
people
united
united for
for aa common
common purpose.
purpose.
C o r p o ra te O rg a n iz a tio n C h a rt
B o a r d o f D ir e c t o r s
P r e s id e n t
P u r c h a s in g P e rs o n n e l V ic e P r e s id e n t C h ie f F in a n c ia l
O p e r a t io n s O f f ic e r
T re a s u re r C o n t r o lle r
The Controller
The
The chief
chief accountant
accountant in in an
an organization
organization
with
with responsibility
responsibility for:
for:
–– Financial
Financial planning
planning and
and analysis.
analysis.
–– Cost
Cost control.
control.
–– Financial
Financial reporting.
reporting.
–– Accounting
Accounting information
information systems.
systems.
Importance of Ethics
in Accounting
• Ethical accounting practices build trust and
promote loyal, productive relationships with
users of accounting information.
• Many companies and professional
organizations, such as the Institute
of Management Accountants (IMA),
have written codes of ethics which
serve as guides for employees.
IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants
Competence
Competence
Confidentiality
Confidentiality
Integrity
Integrity
Objectivity
Objectivity
Resolution
Resolutionof
ofEthical
EthicalConflict
Conflict
IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants
Follow applicable laws,
regulations and
standards.
Maintain
professional Competence
competence.
Do not subvert
organization’s
legitimate
Integrity
objectives.
Recognize and
communicate personal and
professional limitations.
IMA Code of Ethics for
Management Accountants
Avoid activities that could
affect your ability to
perform duties.
Objectivity