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The document discusses several link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer protocols. At the link layer, it describes Ethernet, WiFi, WiMAX, and wireless personal area network standards. It then covers the IP addressing schemes used at the network layer, as well as transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP. Finally, it lists several application layer protocols for tasks like web browsing, messaging, and machine-to-machine communication.
The document discusses several link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer protocols. At the link layer, it describes Ethernet, WiFi, WiMAX, and wireless personal area network standards. It then covers the IP addressing schemes used at the network layer, as well as transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP. Finally, it lists several application layer protocols for tasks like web browsing, messaging, and machine-to-machine communication.
The document discusses several link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer protocols. At the link layer, it describes Ethernet, WiFi, WiMAX, and wireless personal area network standards. It then covers the IP addressing schemes used at the network layer, as well as transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP. Finally, it lists several application layer protocols for tasks like web browsing, messaging, and machine-to-machine communication.
through physical medium IEEE 802.3 ETHERNET 802.3 10BASE 5 ETHERNET Co axial cable 802.3i 10BASE T ETHERNET Twisted pair
802.3j 10BASE F ETHERNET Fiber optic
802.3 ae 10 Gb/s ETHERNET Fiber
Data rate 10Mb/s to 40 Gb/s
• 802.11 WiFi – WLAN communication standard – Data rate 1Mb/s to up to 6.75 Gb/s Standard Operating frequency
802.11 a 5GHz 802.11 b & g 2.4 GHz
802.11 n 2.4/5 GHz
802.11 ac 5GHz 802.11 ad 60 GHz • 802.16 WiMAX – Wireless broadband standard – Data rate 1.5 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s – Mobile station 100 Mb/s – Fixed station 1 Gb/s • 802.15.4 LR WPAN – Standard for low rate wireless personal area network – Basis for high level communication protocol (Zigbee) – Data rate – 40 Kb/s to 250 Kb/s – Used for power constrained device • 2G/3G/4G – Mobile communication – 2G – GSM & CDMA – 3G – UTMS & CDMA 2000 – 4G – LTE – Data rate 9.6 Kb/s (2G) upto 100 Mb/s (4G) Network/ Internet layer • Performs host addressing & packet routing • IP addressing scheme IP addressing scheme Description
IPV4 • 32 bit address scheme
• 2^ 32 address • Exhausted in 2011 IPV6 • 128 bit address scheme • 2^ 128 address 6 LOWPAN • Low power devices • Operates in 2.4 GHz • Data rate 250 Kb/s Transport layer • End to end message transfer • Error control, segmentation, flow control & congestion control Transport layer protocol Description Transmission control protocol • Most widely used transport (TCP) layer protocol • Connection oriented and stateful protocol • Provide reliable transmission of packet in order • Used by • Web browser • Email program • File transfer
UDP • Connectionless oriented and
stateless protocol • Less reliable transmission • Useful for time sensitive application • Application layer – Responsible for delivering application specific service to user Application layer protocol Description
Hypertext transfer protocol • Follows request-response
(HTTP) model • Stateless protocol • Use URI to identify HTTP source
Constrained Application • Used for small devices
protocol (CoAP) • Follows request-response model • Used for M2M Application layer protocol Description
Websocket • Allow s full duplex
communication over single TCP connection Message Queue Telemetry • Light weight messaging protocol Transport (MQTT) • Based on publish subscriber model • Uses client server architecture • Suitable for constrained environment
Extensible Messaging and presense • Real time communication &
protocol (XMPP) streaming XML data b/w network entities • Messaging, presence, data syndication, gaming etc • Decentralized protocol • Uses client server architecture Application layer protocol Description
Data distribution service • Data centric middleware
(DDS) standard for device to device or machine to machine communication • Based on publish subscriber model
Advanced Message • Protocol for business
Queuing Protocol (AMQP) messaging • Support both point to point and publish subscriber model, routing and queuing