1

What do humans get from food?

Heterotrophs These are
obtain energy important for cell
and raw growth, division,
metabolism, repair
materials from
and maintenance
food. of the body.
2
 3

Why do you think that having a food label in

every packaged food is always required?
c. It informs you if it
a. It helps you to make
contains additives that
food choices.
you must avoid.

b. It helps people with

d. Help people to control
food allergies
weight and improve
health
 4

Objectives
1. Identify and 2. Categorize the
describe biological molecules
carbohydrates, (lipids,
lipids and proteins carbohydrates, and
as food substances proteins) according
to their structural
role and function in
the biological system
Structural &
Metabolic
Roles of
Biomolecules
 6

What does the ‘Structural Role of

Biomolecules’ mean?
Structure = the way in which something is built , arranged or
organized e.g. timber structure, steel structure
Role = function/job or position
Biomolecules = carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Structural Role of Biomolecules = the function/job of
carbohydrates, fats, proteins in making various parts of
living things
Are essential molecules for all living organisms. They
have a unique characteristics and properties that show
how they contribute to the structure and function of the
cell and how essential they are in maintaining life.
 8

 Biomolecules consists mainly of different element.

 Elements – the simplest form of substance found in
the body such as C,H,O,N

 Compounds- made up of two or more elements that

are chemically joined together.

 That can be classified as

 Inorganic compounds
EX. Water,salt,
 Organic compounds
Proteins- amino acids
Carbohydrates - monosaccharide's
Lipids – fatty acids and glycerol
 Biological
Macromolecules
Life depends on the types of organic


macromolecules:
1.Carbohydrates
2.Lipids
3.Proteins
 Why do you think
that organism
needs those
organic molecules?
11
฀Organisms need organic molecules to:

■Provide energy to drive life processes

■Provide raw materials for the growth
and repair of tissues.
□Nutrition supplies living organisms with
the molecules that they need.
Carbohydrates are found in a wide array of
both healthy and unhealthy foods—bread,
popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, soft
drinks, corn, and cherry pie.
They also come in a variety of forms.
The most common and abundant forms are
sugars, fibers, and starches.
How are carbohydrates classified?
Carbohydrates can be classified into three main categories,
according to increasing complexity:

 Monosaccharides (monos means single and sacchar means

sugar)

 Disaccharides (di means two)

 Polysaccharides (poly means many)

Polysaccharides
 Starch = energy storage in
plants
 Glycogen = energy storage in animals
 Cellulose = plant cell
wall
 All are long strings of glucose
molecules
฀Fats are also known as lipids.
฀Like carbohydrates, fats contain only three kinds of atom
- carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
•Fats are insoluble in water.
 What’s the difference
between saturated
and unsaturated fats?
20
 Saturated fats are solid at room
temperature

Ex. Animal Fat: milk , meat, eggs,

butter, and cheese , lard (pork fats)

Unsaturated Fats – are liquid at

room temperature.

Ex vegetable oil, olive oil.

Scientists believe that a diet high

in saturated fats is unhealthy and
they have linked saturated fats to
an increased risk of heart
disease. 21
 22

Why should polar bear hibernate ?

 23

Polar bears during winter to

conserve energy and stay
warm. 
When food is scarce, they hibernate, living off their stored body fat. In
deep hibernation, an animal's body temperature can drop to a few degrees
above freezing for a period of days or weeks. It is also characterized by a
marked drop in heart rate and a decreased respiratory rate
Metabolic
Role of
Biomolecules
 25

What does the ‘Metabolic Role of

Biomolecules’ mean?

Metabolic = metabolism = all the chemical reactions in a cell

Role = function/job or position/involvement
Biomolecules = carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Metabolic Role of Biomolecules = the function / job /
involvement of carbohydrates, fats, proteins in the
chemical reactions in cells making various substances for
living things
 26

Metabolic Role of Carbohydrates and

Lipids

These are the primary sources of energy for metabolism –

e.g.
 glucose (carbohydrate) is an immediate source of energy
 lipids are a long-term energy storage
 27

Metabolic Role of Carbohydrates and

Lipids

They are important in the following processes:

Photosynthesis – glucose molecules are made from carbon
dioxide and water using the sun’s energy – anabolism
□ Proteins are large, complex molecules that
play many critical roles in the body.
□ They do most of the work in cells and are
required for the structure,
function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and
organs.
□ They are made up of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen, but they also contain nitrogen (N) and
many have sulfur.
 30

Metabolic Role of Proteins

All enzymes are proteins and have a folded shape.

e.g. enzymes control the processes of
photosynthesis and respiration
Chlorophyll is a protein that traps the sun’s energy
during photosynthesis
 31

Structural role of Proteins

Cell structure
 Proteins are fibrous (threadlike) in nature.
 They combine with phospholipids to from cell
membranes (lipoproteins)
 Keratin is the structural protein in skin, hair and
nails
 Myosin is the structural protein in muscle
 32

Metabolic Role of Hormones

Hormones regulate body functions
e.g. the hormone insulin controls the amount of
glucose in the blood
Estrogen, Progesterone and Testosterone
are other hormones controlling human sexual
development
 33

Summary
Carbohydrates : is an immediate
source of energy.
Lipids: are a long-term energy storage.
Protein: anti bodies, enzymes, and use
in chemical reactions.
 34

END OF DISCUSSION
Thank you for participation and listening 
ACTIVITY
Your goal is to explain the importance of
Goal nutrition and how to maintain good
health and proper diet.

Role You are a nutritionist/dietician.

Audience The School Community

Situation You are invited in the Feeding Program in

a school near your place to share your
expertise as a nutritionist/dietician. The
school organizer requested you to make
learner realized the importance of having a
healthy body and proper diet and nutrition.
 Product 1: Illustration comparing a person practicing proper diet
 and one that does not and attached some tips about practicing
proper diet to be healthy.
Product/ Product 2: A flyers with menu or recipe that will enlighten the
audience with ways on how to achieve good nutrition. You may
Performance discuss and present a sample menu that are healthy but do not
require high budget cost and simple recipe that are easy to
prepare at home.
Product 3: A three-fold brochure informing the community of
how important good nutrition and proper diet is. This also should
discuss the different food that are rich in carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids and how or why one should always take into consideration
the amount intake of such food.

Your product will be assessed based on the following criteria:

1. Accuracy of content
2. Presentation
Standards 3. Organization of Ideas
4. Clarity of message
5. Impact on audience