Introduction: Distributions of

mineral deposits in India and other

countries
Mineral Resource
Mineral Resource is defined as a occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic
or fossilized organic material in or on the Earth’s crust in such form and
quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects
for economic extraction
National Mineral Scenario

India produces as many as 87 minerals, which includes 4 fuel,

10 metallic, 47 non-metallic, 3 atomic and 23 minor minerals
(including building and other materials).

India possesses a large variety of mineral-ores in fairly huge

quantities.

India is rich in coal, manganese, iron, chromites and mica. It

is deficient in the gold, silver, nickel etc.
Estimated life expiry of minerals depends on two things:

1. the size of the reserve

2. the rate at which we are using it up!
Resource                 Est. Life Exp. in Yrs.              Uses  
     
• Coal                                      200-300                       (electricity)
• Copper                                  36                                (electric wiring)
• Iron                                        62                                (steel prod.)
• Lead                                      25                                (batteries)
• Natural Gas                         125                              (fuel; heat)
• Oil                                          50                                (gasoline)
• Silver                                     17                                (electric wiring)
• Tin                                          31                               (cans; industry)
• Uranium                                                              (electricity)
• The Mining industry in India is a major economic activity which
contributes significantly to the economy of India.
• The GDP contribution of the mining industry varies from 2.2% to 2.5%
only but going by the GDP of the total industrial sector it contributes
around 10% to 11%.
• Even mining done on small scale contributes 6% to the entire cost of
mineral production. Indian mining industry provides job opportunities to
around 700,000 individuals
• India is the largest producer of sheet mica.
• Third largest producer of iron ore .
• The fifth largest producer of bauxite in the world. India's metal and
mining industry was estimated to be $106.4bn (£68.5bn) in 2010.
• India's minerals range from both metallic and non-metallic types.
• The metallic minerals comprise ferrous and non-ferrous minerals, while
the nonmetallic minerals comprise mineral fuels, precious stones, among
others
• D.R. Khullar holds that mining in India depends on over 3,100 mines, out
of which over 550 are fuel mines, over 560 are mines for metals, and over
1970 are mines for extraction of nonmetals.
• The figure given by S.N. Padhi is: 'about 600 coal mines, 35 oil projects
and 6,000 metalliferous mines of different sizes employing over one
million persons on a daily average basis.
• Both open cast mining and underground mining operations are
carried out and drilling/pumping is undertaken for extracting liquid
or gaseous fuels.
• The country produces and works with roughly 100 minerals, which
are an important source for earning foreign exchange as well as
satisfying domestic needs.
• India also exports ironore, titanium, manganese, bauxite, granite, and
imports  cobalt , mercury,  graphite etc
Distribution of Mineral Resources in India
Iron

 
Iron : Orissa, Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh,
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, Kerala,
Goa .
Copper

Copper : Jharkhand,
Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, Karnataka,
Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, Sikkim.
Coal

 Coal : Bihar-Bengal-
Jharkhand coal belt,
Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Orissa,
Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh.
Graphitized Petroleum Coke

 Petroleum : Assam,
Gujarat,
Maharashtra
 Zinc & Lead

  Lead and Zinc: Rajasthan,

Jharkhand, Gujarat, West
Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
Meghalaya, Sikkim.
Nickel

 Nickel : Orissa,
Jharkhand .
 Manganese

Manganese :
Maharashtra,
Madhya Pradesh,
Goa, Orissa,
Karnataka,
Rajasthan.
Chromium
 Chromite : Orissa,
Maharashtra, Jharkhand,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Manipur .
Tungsten

 
Tungsten :
Rajasthan,
Maharashtra,
Haryana, West
Bengal, Andhra
Pradesh.
Gold

Gold :Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh.
Pictures of some other
minerals
Mica
Aluminium
Platinum
Silver
Uranium
Tin
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Sodium
Potassium
Gypsum
Talc
Thorium
Diamond
The Sulphur Mines in Indonesia
The Radioactive Mines
Artisanal gold mining in western
Tanzania
Kalgold is an open pit gold mine
The Tata open cast coal mine at West
Bokaro
Sygun Copper Mine
Large iron mine in the Serra dos
Carajás, Pará state, Brazil.